Middle English Dictionary Entry
comprehenden v.
Entry Info
Forms | comprehenden v. Also comprenden. |
Etymology | L, & OF comprendre. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Of an area: to contain or include (sth.); (b) to enclose (sth. in an area).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.977 : The Signes..The zodiaque comprehendeth Withinne his cercle.
- (1439) Proc.Privy C.5.360 : The tounes and marches of Caleis comprehended thereinne.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)6040 : How a cloystre off smal mesure May comprehende gret pasture.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)23/21 : Þe kyngedam of Estynglonde, þe which comprehendid Norþefolke and Sowþe-folke.
b
- a1450 3 KCol.(1) (Roy 18.A.10)55 : Aftirward seynt Elene comprehendide þis hille of Caluarie and þe sepulcre of Crist and oþer holy plaas in one faire chirche.
2.
(a) To include (sth. in a book, document, law, list, etc.); ben comprehended, be included, contained, or provided; (b) to contain (provisions).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.2.24 : We..assayeden for to abregge in to oo boke thingus comprehendid of Jason of Cyrenen in fyue bookis.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2147 : Somwhat moore Of prouerbes than ye han herd bifore Comprehended in this litel tretys heere.
- (?1404) LRed Bk.Bristol2.183 : Notwithstondyng eny ordynaunces comprehendyd in this cedule.
- (1413) *Assem.Bk.A Shrewsbury (ShropRRC 3365/67)f.87 : Yef any..Vynteners..wolnot hold..all maner poyntes and articles in this seid composition [!] comprehended.
- (c1420) Will in Bk.Lond.E.222/44 : To dispose and ordeyne for his soule In maner and forme as is comprehendyd In his laste wil.
- (1426) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.65 : In the which wylle was comprehended..that his feffes [etc.].
- (1438) Will Norwich in Nrf.Archaeol.4328 : Alle the dettes..comprehendede in a bylle that is owyng to the Pryour of Ingham.
- (1448) Will York in Sur.Soc.30131 : Besyde a some of mony that is comprehended in my will.
- (1450) RParl.5.190a : That oure Letters Patentes..be not comprehended within this Acte, but therof utterly except and forprisid.
- (1469) Will Bury in Camd.4950 : Alle the goodys and catall that be comprehendyd in his endenture.
- (1473) RParl.6.20b : The seid Conviction, Atteyndre and Forfeiture comprehended in the seid Acte.
b
- (1429) RParl.4.343a : Alle the Billes that comprehend matiers terminable atte the commone lawe.
3.
(a) To put (sth.) into words, describe, explain; ~ bi word, convey (sth.) in words, state; (b) ben comprehended, to be subsumed (under one name); be contained (in an expression or statement); (c) to combine (meanings of a word).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.7.1 : The visioun..he wrytynge comprehendide in short word.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.435 : To considere in myn inspeccioun Of þi ȝowthe þe disposicioun, Þe whiche, schortly for to comprehende [etc.].
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6633 : I wole not determine Of prynces power, ne defyne, Ne by my word comprende, iwys, If it so fer may strecche in this.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.204 : As myn auctour list to comprehende.
- c1475 St.Anne(2) (Trin-C R.3.21)595 : Kyng Dauid..Of the rote of whom she ys descendyd, As the trouthe before ys comprehendyd.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.295 : Many particuler prouinces is comprehendid vndir þe name of þat lond.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.521 : In the name of 'neighebore' is comprehended his enemy.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)77/152 : God hath ȝovyn vs comaundementys ten Which, shortely to say, be comprehendyd in tweyn..ȝe muste love god..and ȝour evyn crystyn.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.355 : All suche fantasies looke ye remeve..It is noo parte comprehendid in thy crede.
c
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)184/7 : For schortnes of speche, I comprehende and conteyne withynne þe significacioun of þis worde 'dede' boþe doyng and suffring.
4.
(a) To include (sth. in a classification or category); list or summarize (under categories); (b) to comprise or include (certain functions or entities).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)20a/a : John..comprehendiþ al þese distinctiouns vndir on general discripcioun.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)330a/a : Vnder þese figures ben comprehendid resouns of mesures and of weiȝtes.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)127/18 : Alle oþere maner of trepanacioun is comprehendid vndir o summe.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)53b/b : Auicen enforcez for to comprehende hem vnder 8 maner diuision.
- (1432) Paston2.35 : To remoeve thoo that be aboute the Kinges persone..not entending to comprehende in this desir the Stuard, Chamberlein, [etc.].
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)5 : Loue to god, under whos name of loue y vndirstonde and comprehende, include and conteyne weel willing to god and passional loue.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.1042 : The Pater noster..comprehendeth in it self alle goode preyeres.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)319 : Preesthode sum tyme is take as it conteynyþ or comprehendiþ generally and indifferently alle dignitees and ordres of power and of office in þe chirche.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)469 : Contemplatijf lijf may be callid þe lijf comprehending..welwilling of a man to him silf..and welwilling and loue to hise neiȝboris.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)16/31 : Enye of hem iij conteineþ, comprehendiþ, or closiþ withynne him..alle moral vertuose dedis.
5.
Misc. uses: (a) to take hold of (sth.); take hold, catch on; (b) to surround, encompass; enclose, confine; beset; (c) to unite; ben comprehended, consist (of); (d) to attain to, achieve, accomplish (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)87b/a : Þe cancre..þat is infiltrate in veynez, neruez, and bonez..wher it may not al be comprehended..it is better þat it be palliate þan if it were cured.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.394 : Euery graffing wol comprende, Vntempred lime yf with the graffes be Putte in the plages.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.37 : Graffing nigh the grounde Is best, ther esili they comprehende And preue.
b
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)123/19 : Þe which drie pelewe of herdis schal comprehende þe tweie wete.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1687 : They hadde..As muche joie as herte may comprenden [Cmb: comprehende].
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.2.34 : The soules of men moten nedes be..yit lasse fre, whan thei ben gadrid togidre and comprehended in erthli membres.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.403 : Let a tonne of barly hem [pomegranates] comprende Vchon from other.
- c1475(1459) Pros.Yorkists in EHR 26 (Roy 17.D.15)514 : Infortune wolle you comprehende and envyroune withoute hope of delyverance.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)258b/b : Al þat is comprehended of fleissh and of spiryte of lif, and so of body and of soule, is y cleped animal.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)335a/b : Perfite musike comprehendeþ al þinges..musike and armonye ooneþ and acordeþ dyuerse þinges and contrary.
d
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Phil.3.12 : I sue, if on ony maner I schal comprehende [L comprehendam], and in what thing I am comprehendid of Crist Jhesu.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)36.638 : Whiche tombe was so Ryaly dyht, that neuere myht Comprehende In Mannes Miht Swich Anothir tombe to Make As there was don.
6.
To comprehend, apprehend, perceive: (a) of a person, the mind: to conceive, comprehend, understand (sth.); also, appreciate; ~ in wit; (b) of the intellect or the imagination: to conceive or conceive of (sth.); understand through abstraction and generalization; ~ form; (c) of faith: to apprehend (the truth); (d) of the senses: to perceive (sth.), see.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2597 : The sciences and the iugementz of oure lord god almyghty been ful depe; ther may no man comprehende ne serchen hem suffisantly.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.223 : Thynges that been maad moore subtilly Than they kan in hir lewednesse comprehende.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)9a/b : Þeiȝ þe essencia of god may not be knowe..noþir comprehendid of men þat deiȝeþ, ȝit he is I knowe in þe effect of his workes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5953 : Troyens..By signes han clerly comprehendid Þat her goddes gretly wer offendid Ageyn þe toun.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)7463 : Swa many payns tylle þam salle falle Þat na witt may comprehende þam alle.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Eph.3.18 : Þat ȝee may comprehende..what be þe hardnes of charyte.
- a1425 Adam & E.(3) (Wht)89/36 : Þou art verry liȝt of lijf, þou art sich þat no tunge may telle ne comprehenden in witt.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.2.15 : This man, overcomere, hadde comprehendid al this by nombres (of acontynge in astronomye).
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.390 : For it nis nat leveful to man to comprehenden by wit, ne unfolden by word, alle the subtil ordenaunces..of the devyne entente.
- c1440(?c1350) Mirror St.Edm.(4) (Thrn)48/34 : Thynke..howe þi saule es grete, þat all anely with a thoghte it may comprehende heuen and erthe.
- a1475(1450) Scrope DSP (Bod 943)256/12 : Bookis..that be stodied of thayme that wille comprehende wele phisik.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)762 : Sith first I kouthe Have any..kyndely understondyng To comprehende..What love was.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)903 : I have no wit that kan suffise To comprehenden hir beaute.
- c1450(?c1400) 3 KCol.(1) (Cmb Ee.4.32)50/29 : Ȝif þe werkis of god myȝt þe [Roy: be] comprehendit in mannys wit or reson.
- (a1460) DSPhilos.(Helm)269/1 : The herte of the people maye nat comprehende ouer the possibilite of here vndirstondinge, but thei maye conne lasse.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)146.5 : Grete oure lord..and of his wisdom noumbire is noght..for na creature may comprehend him.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.33 : Thilke intelligences..Wherof the ferste in special Is Theorique, which is grounded On him which al the world hath founded, Which comprehendeth al the lore.
- ?c1400 Chaucer Bo.(Add 10340)5.pr.4.4807 : Resoun..comprendiþ [vr. comprehendith] þe þinges ymaginable and sensible.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.3.130 : It byhoveth by necessite that every thing be ryght as science comprehendeth it to be.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.4.174,178 : For the wit comprehendith withoute-forth the figure of the body..but the ymaginacioun comprehendith oonly the figure withoute the matere.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.4.180 : Resoun..comprehendith by an universel lokynge the comune spece [L speciem] that is in the singuler peces.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.4.200 : Intelligence..whanne it hath comprehended the forme, it knoweth and demyth alle the thinges that ben undir that foorme.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.5.60 : Thanne is the concepcioun of resoun veyn and fals, which that lokith and comprehendith that that is sensible and singuler as universel.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.3039 : In his resoun was nat comprehendid How Socrates [etc.].
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1735 : Ther is a feith aboven alle In which the trouthe is comprehended, Wherof that we ben alle amended.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)78a/b : In wakinge we comprehendiþ and takeþ in wit þe schap & ymages of þinges.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)132a/b : Somtyme forsoþ it [catharacta] is so grosse þat fourmez of þingz ar not comprehended.
- c1450(a1400) Orolog.Sap.(Dc 114)367/16 : Resone techith þat þere ben many thinges..whiche mow not be comprehendit by the siȝte ne by oþere bodily wittys.
7.
Theol. (a) Of God's omniscience: to encompass, comprehend, have in mind; (b) of Providence: to foresee, control.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.45 : Thilke thing..that hath and comprehendith togidre al the plente of the lif interminable..thilke same is..iproevid by right to ben eterne.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)16 : As þe lawe of god comprehendiþ þe kunnyngis of alle þo vij maters.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.196 : He þat all haþ in hym comprehended.
b
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.3.145 : What is thilke prescience that ne comprehendeth no certein thing ne stable?