Middle English Dictionary Entry
cǒmen v.
Entry Info
Forms | cǒmen v. Also cumen. Forms: sg. 3 cǒmeth, (Orm.) cūmeþ, (early) kimeþ; p. sg. cam, cām, (Orm.) com, cọ̄m, kēm; p. pl. cọ̄men, cāmen, kēme; ppl. cǒmen, i)cume, (Orm.) cūmen. |
Etymology | OE cuman; sg. 3 cumeþ, cymeþ; p. sg. cwōm, cōm; p. pl. cwōmon, cōmon; ppl. cumen. ME p. sg. cam, com & p. pl. cāme(n, kēme(n are analogical formations, modeled largely on the type of stal, stēlen. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) To be coming, approach; arrive; ~ on, to come on, come along; (b) comen and gon, to come and go, arrive and depart; (c) in combination with another verb to indicate purpose or consequence: comen (to) sen, comen speken, etc.; (d) to come (for a certain purpose); -- with after, on, or for phrase.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1070 : On morgen comen ealle þa utlaga..& woldon into þam mynstre.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1114 : Þa Wyliscean coman & wið þone cyng griðedon.
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1129 : Se eorl com mid him, & wurðon þa..gode freond.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)16/34 : Hwi come ðu swa læte?
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2812 : He wass gladd, Laffdiȝ, forr þatt tu come.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8916 : Hiss kinn..wennde þatt he come.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)21649 : Ȝif Ardur neore þe rader icumen, þenne weoren Houwel inumen.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)88 : Her comeþ þe metere.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)100/573 : Quaþ blauncheflur, 'ihc am cominge,' Ac heo hit sede al slepinge.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1208 : Hise children..ful fayre ayen hem neme Hwan he wisten þat he keme.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)355 : After ðis dede a steuone cam: 'ðu, nu, quor art, adam, adam?'
- c1350 Ayenb.App.(Arun 57)264/4 : Huyche time þe þyef is comynde, me not.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.242 : With that word Tiburce, his brother, coom.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)736 : Wan Fi[rumbras] þe strok come seȝ..His scheld held he vp an heȝ.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.477 : Right anon thanne comen tombesteres..Syngeres with harpes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12869 : In scap of douf he come [vr. coom] wit flight.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.604 : Whan that she was come..Hire em anon in armes hath hire nome.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.502 : O deth..Com now, syn I so ofte after thee calle.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.686 : That she shal come and stynten al his sorwe.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2018 : By a clewe of twyn..The same weye he may returne anon..as he hath come.
- (1443-9) Paston2.60 : Thei herd tydynges that the freyr was comyng.
- (1443-9) Paston2.60 : Than cam on Edmund Paston..and askyd hym what was cause of his comyng at this tyme.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)31.438 : Cam a gret Serpent, And him Asaillede wonder faste.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)65 : Her knyght That dwelleth in solitude til she come.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)2873 : Than wole I þat ye come on In haste to that same place.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)231 : Our lord..bad þe water come & hyt com; he bad þe water stande, & þe water stod.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)31/24 : The duke..com on with a grete felyship.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)73/36 : 'Com on,' seyde Merlion, 'and ye shall have grete worship.'
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)p.81 : Here xal comyn Allwey An Aungel.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)7/26 : Yf he wille not come at your somons.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)1122 : An angel come at hor praier.
- a1500 Rich.(Dc 228)100/24 : Men keme and tolde þe kynge.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1160 : Shippes by the brynke comen and gon.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.368 : Ye dreden this: Men wolde wondren sen hym come or goon.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)7605 : With my bemes I wole blowe..How he hath bothe comen and gon.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)p.81 : An Aungel, with dyvers presentys goynge and comyng.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)7533 : He dar neyther come ne go.
c
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.963 : Þa com he to se cyng Eadgar.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.187 : He comm to wurrþenn mann.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4482 : Þatt tu ne swere nan manaþ..Ne þatt tu nohht ne cume forrþ, Wiþþ voh to berenn wittness.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)7420 : Till alle þa þatt cumenn forþ To wurrþenn Cristess þewwess.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)15/9-10 : Ne cam ic noht te ȝiuen ȝew forbisne of mire aȝene wille to donne, ac i cam for to donne mines fader wille.
- c1230 *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)15a : Ȝef bischp kimeð to seon ow.
- a1250 Creed (Nero A.14)217 : He kumeð to demen ðe quike and ðe deade.
- a1275 Doomsday (Trin-C B.14.39)34 : Comeþ her, mine freond, oure sunnes forto lete.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)270 : He praide ȝou com speke wiþ him.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4478 : I am nat come youre conseil for tespye.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)277b/a : Þere com moche folk to se..þe kyndenesse of þe trewe beste.
- ?c1400 Cursor (Arms 57)132 : Goddes sone comeþ ȝou to visite.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.560 : She moste..Come soupen in his hous with hym at eve.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3156 : I wole no more in thee affye, That comest so slyghly for t'espye.
- a1450(a1400) Medit.Pass.(2) (Add 11307)60 : He cam not to spille, but to saue.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)12/19 : Faustus was desired for to cum speke with Augustin.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)1042 : Whils cuthbert come to comforth him.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)17/17 : Al the kynges and knyghtes had come..to have done hym worship at his feste.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)1/26 : Crist..come forto be executure of þys testament: and was borne, and trauayld, and dyet.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)51 : He sholde come se hym.
d
- 1123 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1123 : On þa ilca tyma com an Legat of Rome..he com æfter þe Rome scot.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)102/9 : Næs hit næfre..iseid þæt him sceoldon englæs on fultume cumen.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)97 : Ic com forðon þet ic walde sendan fur on eorðan.
- c1390 Chart.Abbey HG (Vrn)361 : Ich haue al don..þat I am come fore.
1b.
Used to encourage action in impv. constructions: (a) com and loke!, etc.; (b) com, telle me!, etc.; (c) come of!, come on!, hurry up!, make haste!
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12789 : Cumm nu þe sellf & loke.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)103/29 : Cum, ðu Cristes awen bried, and underfoh ðe michele wurðscipe.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)247 : Comeþ fforþ and quelle we him!
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)406/31 : Com on, felow..with me anone, and brynge me unto sir Trystramys.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)126/322 : Com and help!
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mark 12.7 : Come ȝe, sle we him, and the eritage schal be oure.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)749 : Com, sytte adoun!
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)40/178 : Herke boy! cum, telle me þe trewth!
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)44/24 : My swete chylde, com kysse now me.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)51/66 : Com, kys vs both!
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3728 : Haue do..com of, and speed thee faste, Lest that oure neighebores thee espye.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4074 : Oure hors is lost, Aleyn..Step on thy feet! com of, man, al at anes!
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1602 : Com of, and lat me ryden hastily..I may no lenger tarye.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.310 : Now, my good em..come of, and telle me what it is!
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1738 : Thynk which oon he is, And in what plit he lith! Com of anon!
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)1047 : If oght in þin herte elles be loke, Vnlokke it blyue! com of!
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1167/14 : Com of, than..and do hit!
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.20.65a : Com of, come, and slee me her!
1c.
To approach or come (in a certain manner); -- (a) with pres.ppl.: ~ riding, to come on horseback; ~ wending, come on foot; etc.; (b) with inf. [See Mustanoja pp. 536-7]: ~ riden, to come on horseback; ~ flien, come flying; etc.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Gif twa men oþer iii coman ridend to an tun, al þe tunscipe flugæn for heom.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)1/10 : Hit cumeþ weopinde ond woniende.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9644 : Þer wes cumen liðende..a swiðe selcuð gume.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)95/27 : Ðo teares ðe comen ierninde from [etc.].
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)530 : Ðanne cumeð ðer on gangande.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)536 : Manie & mikle cume ðer secande.
- c1330(?a1300) Rich.(Auch)119/153 : A schip com seyland bi þe see.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1821 : Ȝif any weiȝh comes wending alone.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1641 : The hunters..hereth hym come russhyng in the greues.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.37 : And cam ridynge on a beest.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.5207 : To Rome..In alle haste he cam ridende.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.884 : A lusty bacheler That on a day cam ridyng fro ryuer.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3171 : Þey come rennyng..And wende haue herd sum holy lore.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.555 : I com romyng al allone Into his chaumbre.
- c1440(a1350) Isumb.(Thrn)373 : There come..an egle flyande.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)305/5 : They sawe a knyght comme dryvande by them.
b
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)91 : A vuhel com flon from houene into orðe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3625 : Leir wes cumen liðen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25967 : Þeo while com þe eotene faren.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26187 : An wis cniht þer com ride to þas kinges uerde.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)2067 : Þe kniȝtes comen reken In, heore folie for-to do.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)577 : A whit coluere þer cam fle.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2333 : Wiþ þat cam renne sire Bruyllant.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.350 : So him befell upon a tide, On his hunting as he cam ride [etc.].
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1253 : Nece, ysee who comth here ride!
- 1448-a1500 Rich.(b-version:Brunner)109/7 : An auentures knyght ther cam ryde.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)8/196 : The emprice mette yn sweuene, An ern com fly.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60) : Hee comme flie too feelde and my fone schende.
2.
Of persons: to proceed; come, go; -- (a) with adv. or adv.clause: ~ her (hider); ~ ther (thider); ~ in (doun, out); etc.; ~ neigh (ner, to, up), come near, approach; arrive; ~ after, to follow; ~ ayen, to come back, return; ~ bi, to pass by; ~ samen (togeder), to meet; join; to meet in combat, clash; etc.; (b) with prep. phrase: ~ in (into, to) (a place); ~ bi the strete (in the wei), to come along on the road; ~ biforen, to appear before (sb.), present oneself to; ~ from (of), to come from (a place), return from (a journey); ~ through, to pass through (sth.); ~ to, to come to (sb.); to come to see, call on, visit; ~ to diner (mot, sprece), to come to dinner, a meeting, an audience; ~ toyenes, to go to meet (sb.); ~ upon, to descend upon (an enemy), attack; (c) with adv. & prep. phrase.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.654 : On his time þa comon togadere heo & Oswiu..and sprecon þet hi wolden an mynstre areren.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.675 : Whilc man swa haued behaten to faren to Rome, and he..ne muge þær cumon.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1070 : Þa ut laga..woldon into þam mynstre, & þa munecas wiðstoden þet hi na mihton in cumen.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1105 : And eft syððan he ongean com.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1111 : Se kyng Henri..ferde ofer sæ into Normadig..and syððan he þyder ofer com [etc.].
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1119 : Þa twegen cyngas innan Normadige mid heoran folcan coman togædere.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1140 : Þa þe king was in prisun, þa wenden þe eorles..þat he neure mare sculde cumen ut.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)8/3 : Ðu swaðeah nast hwanon ðe Gast cume oððe hwider he fare.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)4/6 : Ne þearft þu næffre onȝean cumæn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3452 : Comenn samenn alle þreo.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6932 : I þatt hus..þær þa þreo kingess comenn inn.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)5 : He is iblesced þe þe her cumet on drihtenes nome.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17342 : To-gaderen heo comen & hærdliche on-sloȝen.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)10/76 : Hwer se ha eauer kimeð [vr. cumeð].
- a1250 Creed (Blick 6864)p.138 : Ure lhaferd..Astech to heovene..þanen he is to cumen for to demen þa quike & þa deade.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)22 : Migte neure diuel witen..hu he [Christ] dun come.
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.20 : Selden comeþ lone lauinde homward.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)124 : Comeþ ner..& ȝe him mowen ise.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)378 : From Ierusalem..we beþ hider icome.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)69/69 : Euere þat watur..cam al aȝein ase it was er.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1637 : Þey..hiderward buþ now comyng.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.26.60 : Whenne many fals witnessis hadden cummen [WB(2): camen] to.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)prol.70 : Þe lewede Men..comen vp knelynge and cusseden his Bulle.
- (c1390) Chart.Abbey HG (LdMisc 210)338 : Þe abbesse & al here couent Kemen aȝen to here ordre.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.335 : First I pronounce whennes that I come.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.910 : Comeþ vp, ye wyues, offreth of youre wolle!
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4216 : The wyf..wente hir out to pisse, And cam agayn.
- (1392-3) in Gras Eng.Cust.Syst.545 : In navi..vocata 'Cumwele Home'.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1527 : As he rod al one so, And cam nyh ther he wolde be.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1617 : Whan thou hast thin ende wroght, Com hier ayein.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.1833 : He cam wher he this host beheld.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1089 : Arueragus..As he that was of chiualrie the flour, Is comen hom.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.246 : Thou comest hoom as dronken as a mous.
- (a1399) Oath Bk.Colchester9 : Every schyp that comth yn with any charge shal payen iiij d.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11650 : Wolf and weþer..Sal comen samen, and lamb and fox.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.885 : Alle and some In prisoun ben..Nor thennes shal nat oon on-lyve come.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Judith 16.27 : In feeste daies sche cam forth with greet glorie.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2216 : Whanne thou comest there men are.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)55/24 : Whan wee comen in, wee diden of oure schoon.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)12/29 : Alexander..was comande nere.
- a1450(a1400) Medit.Pass.(2) (Add 11307)140 : Þe kynges thre þat kemon fro ferre.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)618 : Cum up, my serwaunt trew as stel!
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)49 : Pictis, and Scottys..And þe Denmarkes come þo first ynne.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)5 : So happed a schypard..to kom by, and sey þoo fayr babes.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)23/14 : They dressed their shyldis and began to couche hir sperys..they com so egirly togydir that all men had wondir.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)26/27 : They mette with the foreryders of the Northe and made hem to telle which way the oste com.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)13/27 : Whan he cam home, the lady and al were out to see the joustyng.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)18/14 : Kynge Arthur shold come oute and speke with the kynges.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)2129 : By a sterre thidder thay coom.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)223 : He came home.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)1337 : Theder thei came.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)4214 : His knyghtes went to mete here..hym self come after in full good Arraye.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)5 : Whenne the knyth sawe þis bataill, he com to An smot the toode.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1100 : Sona swa se eorl Rotbert into Normandig com, he wearð..bliþelice under fangen.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1101 : Se cyng mid ealre his fyrde him togeanes com..And þa broðra gesehtodan.
- 1123 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1122 : Þet hi scolden cumen to his gewitene mot on Candel messe deig to Gleawceastre.
- a1126 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1125 : Þat hi scolden cumen to Winceastre.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1138 : Him com to gænes Willelm eorl of Albamar..& fuhten wid heom.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)10/11 : Þa com him to godes engel & hine up arerde.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)8/4 : Wa is me, þet ic efre com to þe.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)7155 : He wennde þatt tatt follc Upponn himm cumenn wære Wiþþ strenncþe..To wannsenn himm hiss riche.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8880 : Te Laferrd Crist Wass cumenn off Egyppte Inntill þe land off Galileo.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3025 : He hehte cumen him bi-foren his dohter Gordoille.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3535 : Mi fæder is icumme to me.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3582 : Leir is an is londe icume..to isen is eastresse.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)69/9 : Ðanne mai ðe oluende cumen ðurh ðe naedle eiȝen.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)112 : Hwon ich am to ðe [the Virgin] ikumen & am ðin owune hine.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)352 : Ðo crist kam in to ðis middelerd.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)230 : Þe king cam from þe wode mid blowinde beme.
- c1300 SLeg.Jas.(LdMisc 108)41 : To seint Ieme sone he cam..and aveng cristindom.
- c1330 Roland & V.(Auch)72 : He went to þe palais of rome, & bi-for sir charli[s] come.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)198/15 : Ich wes zik, þou ne come naȝt to me.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)260 : Rolond drow him a-side þare, among hem he ne keem.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.23 : At nyght was come into that hostelrye Wel nyne and twenty in a compaignye.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.77 : He was late ycome from his viage.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2182 : Al thogh the teerys come to thyne eyen, lat hem nat falle.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3822 : Doun gooth al..til he cam to the celle Vpon the floor.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.1094 : This emperour hath graunted..To come to dyner.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.419 : If the wolf come in the weie, Her gostly Staf is thanne aweie.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2048 : Thei comen to the kyng and bede Som of his good.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)274a/a : He comeþ vpon þe beste boldelyche..and sleeþ him.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)291a/a : Sche..comeþ nought to here make but sche be furst y waissche.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4176 : Þan sagh þai cumand [Trin-C: comyng] be þe stret Marchands.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12915 : Als bedel gais be-for iustis, Als come þou be-for þat rightwis.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20517 : Cums [vrr. comis, Comeþ] wit me to mi lemman!
- (1425) Grocer Lond.in Bk.Lond.E.203/257 : Whan he Cam From Hertfforde.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1019 : Whan he was in the large temple come.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2342 : This Tereus is to his wif ycome.
- (1444) Paston2.62 : He hath hadde a cyetica..and dar not yet come on non horses bak.
- (a1445) Paston2.63 : Til the parson..come to hym..and required hym to don it.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)563 : Thei abhorren..the sacrament..and wolen not come, her thankis, into the bodili chirche.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)145 : I wol now singen..the man That first cam, thurgh his destinee, Fugityf of Troy contree.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)182 : A certeyn knyte, whech cam to the Kyng and avowid every word.
- (1467) LRed Bk.Bristol1.18 : We..yave in commaundement unto the Bailliffs..to comme and shewe before our Chaunceller of England..our letters patents..unto thaym graunted.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)29/11 : To come to oure faderys presens.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)7/8 : The duke and his wyf were comyn unto the kynge.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)17/34 : Ther came Merlyn amonge hem in to the cyte of Carlyon.
- a1500 Parton.(1) (Add 35288)3035 : Moche pepele to hym ys comande.
c
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1100 : Innan hærfest com se eorl Rotbert ham into Normandi.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)4/17 : Cumeð hider to me ant eower þurst ibæteð.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10662 : & tu, min Laferrd, cumesst her Att me to wurrþenn fullhtnedd?
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)17180 : To cummen upp Inntill Drihhtiness riche.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8524 : Swa hit daȝede, he com up at Douere.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)24767 : Hider we sunden icumene from ure kaisere.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)51 : Ant sende heaste ant bode..þet poure ba ant riche comen þer beforen him to þe temple.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)483 : Elpes..to gaddre gon o wolde so sep ðat cumen ut of folde.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2701 : Duc Theseus..Is comen hoom to Atthenes, his citee.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)672 : Ful loude he soong 'com hider, loue, to me!'
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.191 : The horrible deueles shulle goon and comen vp on the heuedes of dampned folk.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1388 : Seth..sune com til his fader again.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8959 : Sco com [vrr. come, cam, coom] in at þat ilk yatte.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18295 : Comyth now hethir alle to me.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.71 : Right with that was Antenor ycome Out of the Grekis oost.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.15.11 : Foulis camen doun [WB(1): descendiden] on the careyns.
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)25 : Hom to his contre-houses is he come.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)5/27 : The schippman come vp fro benethe and toke the gouernaill of the schipp.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)23/22 : Sir Kay com oute of a bushemente.
- a1500 Earth(3) (Rwl C.307)12/23 : When erthe oute of erthe shalle com to the laste calle.
3a.
Of things, processes: to proceed; to come, go; to reach (to), issue (from), etc.; -- (a) with constructions as in 1 & 2: ~ in (doun, from, of, out, up), etc.; (b) of a message, rumor: ~ in (to) ere, to reach (someone's) ear, be heard.
Associated quotations
a
- 1122 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1122 : Þa com se fir on ufenweard þone stepel.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)49/25 : Ȝif hyt cumþ of þare þrotan.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)10/17 : Ða com him stæfne of heofene ant to him þus cwæð.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10962 : Þatt steffne þatt off heoffne comm, Itt wass þe Faderr steffne.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)124 : Er deð and dom come to his dure, he mei him sare adreden.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)17/30 : Þe uttreste [i]s se þiesternesse of helle, ðar næure ȝiete liht ne cam.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)19/27 : Harkieð an oðer wariȝing ðe cumþ ut of godes awene muþe.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)35/31 : Ðe hali gast..com up ðe apostles.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)57/11 : To sume menn hie [ðis hali mihte] cumð and farð.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)32/535 : Efter al þis kimeð [vr.cumeð] of þet bearn..wanunge & wepunge.
- a1275 Þene latemeste dai (Trin-C B.14.39)86 : Of is neoseþurlis comet [Clg: cumeð] starke leyen.
- c1275 Þene latemeste dai (Clg A.9)102 : I schal to þeostre stude, þer neauer ne kumeð liht.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)455 : Ðe sipes sinken..ne cumen he nummor up.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)610 : Ut of his ðrote cumeð asmel.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)537 : Come neuere to þis hous worse tidinge.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)355 : After ðis dede a steuone cam..'quor art, adam?'
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.247 : I wondre..Whennes that swote sauour cometh.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2799 : From his feet vp to his brest was come The coold of deeth.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.29 : Þis ryuer Dee renneth and comeþ out of a lake.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.304 : That my prayere myghte come to hym.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4899 : Wher as this vice comth to londe, Ther takth noman his thonk on honde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)12b/b : Þat liȝt þat is euerlastinge, first hit comeþ vppon aungelis, & by aungelis it comeþ doun to vs.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)101a/a : Whanne it comeþ aboute in to diuers parties, hit infectiþ þilke parties.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)137b/b : Þe rayne comeþ downe wiþ þe more smale dropis.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)195b/a : Þe beste [stone] comeþ oute of ynde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)206b/b : Bestes come to pasture most for likynge of salt.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)299a/a : An arwe..whanne it comeþ out of þe bowe til a man and hitteþ him, it schedeþ venyme.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)316b/b : Moisture..comeþ at endes of certein woode while þat it brenneþ.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)324b/b : Þey [eggs] comeþ out and beþ y gadered vnder þe tail.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)13941 : Salle na lesing come of my toþ.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)44/11 : He hadde do comen out quytture wiþ hoote medicyns.
- c1400(?a1384) Wycl.Eucharist(1) (Bod 647)502 : Þo moste heresye þat God suffred cum to his Chirche.
- (1417) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8513 : So that the water comme downe in a pipe of lede.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.775 : Thanne shal no mete or drynke come in me, Til I my soule out of my breste unshethe.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.671 : Thennes comth this eyr, that is so soote.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2587 : Twenty tymes upon a day I wolde this thought wolde come ageyn, For it aleggith well my peyn.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.m.1.8 : Tigris and Eufrates..comen togidre.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)32b/b : Whan þat anoþer humour comeþ to hym fro wiþ outeforth.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2215 : Thogh so be that ship or boot here come.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)68/24 : Þe drope of water..to þe tungis..ȝit coyme not.
- (1443) in Black Leathersellers25 : Rough fellys..that commyth to this Cite to be solde.
- (1446) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.34 : Be hyt knowen to all men that thys present writynge shal come to, that y, john knyght..was with my..mastyr at Stapeley.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)773 : As soun that cometh of pipe or harpe.
- c1460 Cursor (LdMisc 416)11092 : His frendis thoght therof selcouþe how this name come [vr. coom] in mowþe.
- (1469) Will Pembroke in Antiq.439 : Item, to Thomas Herbert the ij gilt pottes that came last fro London.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2800 : Affterr þatt tin greting word Wass cumenn i min ære.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2416 : If thy conseil is come to the eris of thyn enemy, chaunge thy conseil.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.236 : Thus cam first to Mannes Ere The feith of Crist.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.629 : To myn erys comth the voys so smerte, That it wel neigh destroyed hath myn herte.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)9/86 : When it come to his ere, He sembled all his men.
- (1450) RParl.5.176a : I suppose welle that it be commen to youre eeres..the odious and horrible langage that renneth thorough your lande.
3b.
To extend (to or from a place); ~ oute, to protrude.
Associated quotations
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.77 : Petrus..seiþ þat þe water of þe greet flood com nouȝt in Paradys.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)64a/a : Sexe peire of synewes comen fro þe brayne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)158a/b : Þe grete see of myddilerþe cometh oute of þe weste.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)24/19 : Alle þe cordis þat comen of þe brayn..haþ boþe felynge & meuynge.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)26/4 : Þe toþer arterie þat comeþ out of þe lift-side of þe herte.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)442 : He made a condyte..With a pype comyng in to his house.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)20b/a : Whos parties ben þre folde: some ben conteynynge, some conteynede, some comynge outward.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)81a/b : Woundes..in þe parties þat comen oute.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)62/15 : They cuttyd hir gown so schort þat it come but lytil be-nethyn hir kne.
- (1442-3) Visit.Alnwick131 : That your vayles come downe nyghe to your yene.
- c1450(?c1425) St.Mary Oign.(Dc 114)151/5 : To whome þe fadir made a cote sere-colerd comynge to þe helys.
4a.
To attain, obtain: (a) ~ to, to attain to or reach (a certain state or position); ~ to fortune (grith, knouinge), etc.; ~ to liven, to survive; (b) ~ at (to), to attain to or achieve (sth.); ~ to dede (effect), to realize or be realized, come true; ~ abouten (to ende, to purpos), to achieve (one's) purpose, succeed; (c) ~ to blisse, ~ to (eche) live, etc., to attain to the joys of heaven, to eternal life, etc.; (d) ~ (to do sth.), to succeed (in doing sth.); (e) ~ bi (to), to get at (sth. or sb.); to come by, acquire; (f) ~ bi, to grasp or understand (sth.); to solve a problem, find an answer; (g) ~ to amendement (ded-bote), to make amends.
Associated quotations
a
- 1123 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1123 : Ær se biscop of Lincolne com to his biscop rice.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)32/525 : Hwen hit þenne þer to kimeð [vr. cumeð], þet sore sorhfule angoise.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)66 : Er we to þe suluen kumen, to þine heie wurschipe.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)559 : If ihc come to lyue, Ihc schal þe take to wyue.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)1.702 : Lord, remembre of me, whan thow comest in to thy regne.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)23568 : Mani þingis mai we do þat litel comis to ani ro.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.237 : Sir Leulyn..was fayn to com to grith.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5403 : Sithe we arn to Fortune comen.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)69/26 : I asked him..how he come to þus mykill knawyng of þe state of Cristiantee.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)35/9 : Into tyme he come into sufficient discrecioun.
b
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)54 : Tide wat bitide, ȝit wole þi swefne come.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)308 : Allas, wreche, what may y do? Y loue þing y no may com to.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.914 : If thou art such in love, Thou miht noght come at thin above Of that thou woldest wel achieve.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1261 : For to come to theffect of his desir.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11615 : Þan com [Frf: come; Trin-C: coom] þe propheci al cler To dede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24456 : Þan i moght cum til end wit dede.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)17451 : Riȝt may com to noon ende, þat couetise mon haþ blende.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)4/1 : How it may not be comen to by þe corioustee of witte, ne by ymaginacion.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)7/13 : God ȝeueþ þis grace freely..it may not be comen to wiþ menes.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)68/20 : Ȝif þou askest me by what menes þou schalt com to þis werk, I beseche Almyȝty God..to teche þee hym-self.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)77/19 : So schuldest þou neuer come to þi purpos ne to þis werk.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)44/26 : He dyed are he myght com til his purpose.
- (c1438) MKempe B (Add 61823)229/32 : Þe pepil hath many tyme..cursyd me..it is lyke þat her bannyng comyth to effect.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)110/4 : He conspyred for to brynge it tyll ende, bot he myghte neuer come aboute þer-with.
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8210 : He sloh þa chilldre gilltelæs, & itt hemm comm to blisse.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)33 : Ne kimeð he nefre inne heoueneriche.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)145 : Alle þa þet..to kumene beoð to endeles blisse.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)9/3 : And swa cumeð forð in to ðe eche liue.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)43/1 : Ne cume ȝe næure mo to ðare michele eadinesse ðe he haueð mid godalmihtin.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)109/2 : Al mankinn..ðurh hersumnesse..cam to liue.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)11979 : Þou nart noȝt worþi, my fader blis to come tille.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)198/23 : His saule commytt vnto perpetuall payn.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)29/6 : To com to þe hyȝe joy celestyall.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)65b/b : Þe influens of spiritis may nouȝt come to reule þe synewes & arteries.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2672 : Some lye..And seyn þat he haþ do so or so, Þat he myȝt neuer come to to do.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)127/14 : He þat may not com to for to see & fele þe perfeccion of þis werk.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)16/6 : One what wyse he myghte best com to for to destruy þis citee.
e
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1688 : Miȝt we by coyntise com bi tvo skynnes of þe breme beres.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.296 : Alle þat he mot com bie, he robbed alle bidene.
- (1433) RParl.4.447a : Many..have sodenly comyn to grett rychesse.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)168/5 : I may nevir com by hir but by some good knyght, for she is in a stronge castell.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)14/6 : He made sir Kay to swere upon a book how he came to that swerd.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)368 : The crow seide, 'alse longe as thou myght se, I myght not come by thy briddes.'
f
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1395 : Philosophres speken so mystily..that men kan nat come ther by.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.984 : This knyght..Whan that he say he myghte nat come ther by, This is to seye, what wommen louen moost [etc.].
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)3975 : And þen persaued he properly qwy scho so stretly can hym enquere, The question forto com by.
g
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.675 : Buton he cume to dedbote.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.963 : Þa gife ic him Godes curs..buton he cume to dædbote.
- a1275 Wose is ene (Trin-C B.14.39)p.440 : Bote he come to amendement.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)584 : Ȝif ani man In mansingue were i-brouȝt And sethþe come to amendement.
4b.
To get (into or out of a state, etc.): (a) ~ to, to get into (a certain condition or situation); ~ to (unto) wo, ~ to wikkede ende, to come to grief; ~ in crie with, to consort with; ~ under subjeccioun; etc.; (b) ~ into this world, ~ on (to) this lif, ~ to man, to come into the world, become a human being, be born; (c) , ~ of (to) elde, ~ to age to come of age; (d) ~ to god (god ende), to turn out well; ~ to god, to benefit (sb.); (e) ~ to nought, to become nothing, end existence; to be in vain; (f) ~ to ende, to come to an end, terminate; (g) ~ oute of elde, to get away from or escape old age.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)14 : Weox umbe hwile wreððe ham bitweonen, ant comen to fehte.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2592-3 : To what ende they shul come or what shal finally bityde of hem..kan I nat deme..they shul come to a wikked ende.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2917 : Love which is so pourchased Comth afterward to litel pris.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23350 : Þat we come neuer vnto þat wa!
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)25454 : Ful leif me was to cum in cri wid magote and wid margori.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.55 : Ossyng comys to bossyng.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)133 : The x parties off the peple..chese hem a new kynge, and come neuer aftir þat tyme vndre is subiection.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)18251 : Þatt Crist wass Godess Sune Godd þatt cumenn wass to manne.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)9 : Er ure drihten come to þisse liue.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)117 : Al þet ech Mon haueð idon, soððen he com to monne.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)35/27 : Alche manne ðe cumþ on ðese liue.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)303b/a : Þey comeþ so in to þis worlde wiþ strengþe and wiþ deþ of þe moder.
c
- 1372 Als i lay vp-on (Adv 18.7.21)11 : Sing nov, moder..Wat me sal be-falle..wan i cum to eld.
- (1422) EEWills50/9 : Be-for þat thay come to age.
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)99/626 : Fulle faire salle i hym fede..To þat he come of helde.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)300/6 : Whan that he comyth to age.
d
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)9 : Hu scolde oðermonnes god dede comen him to gode?
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5070 : I tald a drem þat cummen [Frf: commyn; Göt: comen] es now to godd.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.12.99 : Alle thise same thinges..hasten hem by naturel entencioun to come to good.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)33/23 : Trostyng þat al was for þe best & xuld comyn to good ende, whan God wold.
e
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)9/10 : Eche beestis soule dieþ and comeþ to nouȝt, whanne þe beest dieþ.
- 1534(?a1500) Cov.Pl.ST (Croo:Craig)889 : Eyrode, kyng..All thy dedis ys cum to noght.
f
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13191 : All þiss werelld wass Neh cumenn þa till ende, Þann ure Laferrd Jesu Crist Wass borenn her to manne.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)5127 : When þe terme is comyn to end, þat we haue tane be twyx vs two.
- c1460 Cursor (LdMisc 416)18099 : To end..now comyþ my saws That I seid by old daws.
g
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)40 : Kiðen i wille ðe ernes kinde..hu he cumeð ut of elde..Hereð wu he neweð him.
4c.
To come into (someone's) possession, power, proximity, or scope of action; -- with indirect object of the person or in phrases ~ til (to); him com help, he received help; ~ til honde, ~ to honde(s; lightli come, lightli go, etc., easy come, easy go.
Associated quotations
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)2/7 : Hwar beoþ þeo goldfæten þeo þe..comen to þine honden?
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12665 : Þurrh þe lamb uss cumeþþ millc Ut off þe lambess moder.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13577 : Till all mannkinn Maȝȝ cumenn mikell sellþe.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10126 : Þe king of france..is londes biȝonde se seisede..so þat hii ne come nam-more To þe croune of engelond.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)905 : Al com to his hand Almain and ermonie.
- c1330 Horn Child (Auch:Mills)694 : Hem com an hauen wele to hand , Þat ȝolkil is cleped in irland; Þe court was þer biside.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.781 : This tresor hath fortune vn to vs yeuen..And lightly as it cometh so wol we spende.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2468 : Wete ȝe weyl, swyche gode shal go As hyt come, with sorowe and wo.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.5.39 : This richesse..al mai it nat comen to o man withoute povert of alle othere folk.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.4.1 : But dignytees, to whom thei ben comen, make they hym honourable and reverent?
- (1436) Doc.Trade in BRS 767 : The whiche ship..come to the handes of the seid Richard Quatermayn at London.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)13302 : Til hym com more help til hande.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)48b : Þese bookys þat mowe nouȝt come to þe hondes ne to þe siȝt of men.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)5554 : Þe schal come an hors to hande.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)146/12 : Pes is comyn to mannys kynne.
- c1475 Rwl.Prov.(Rwl D.328)p.120 : Sony y go, sony y cum.
- c1500 The shype ax (Ashm 61)28 : Wyte thou wele it schall be so, That lyghtly cum schall lyghtly go.
5.
To be a descendant (of a certain stock, class, or family); to come (of good family, etc.); -- with doun of, of, out of phrase.
Associated quotations
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)490 : & talde laȝhess presteflocc Comm all off þa twa prestess.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13363 : Forr all þe Laferrd Cristess hird comm ut off tweȝȝenn þede.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)202 : Alle þolieð deð þe comen of hore cunne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)22846 : Ich wulle al fordon þat cun þat he of com.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)27595 : Of heȝe Bruttes he wes icume.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)3/13 : Iuliene..Al of heaðene cun icumen & akennet.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)11/176 : We beoþ of Suddenne, Icome of gode kenne.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)25/419 : Ihc am icome of þralle.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)593 : Astow art comen of gentil blode.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1687 : Ther were Children an heep, ycomen of cristen blood.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.3942 : A wif he hadde, comen of noble kyn.
- (1399) RParl.423a : Disendit be right lyne of the Blode, comyng fro the gude lorde Kyng Henry therde.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.63 : Shold no clerk be crouned bote yf he ycome were Of franklens and free men, and of folke ywedded.
- (1425) RParl.4.270b : Ye Erle of Devenshire, commyng dowene lyneally of the blode Riall, frome ye furst Edward, and Alianore ye Quene.
- (1430) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.94 : To the heirs of here too bodyes comyng.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)9/20 : Sche was comyn of worthy kenred.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3156 : Þai ware comen doun of kyngis.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)340/2 : He was nat com oute of a noble house.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)480/25 : To the said Stephyn..and to his heires that come owte of hym.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)17/22 : They had no joye to receyve no yeftes of a berdles boye that was come of lowe blood.
- a1500 Eglam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)863 : Thys chylde ys comyn of gentylle blode.
- a1500 Little Child.Bk.(1) (Adv 19.3.1)54 : Pyke not..þi nosetyrlys; And þou do, men wille sey þou come of chorlys.
6.
To derive or result (from a source); to arise or spring (from), originate (in); -- with of, from phrase.
Associated quotations
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)88/6 : Þonne cymeð of þam [ire] unrodnesse & æmelnes.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)45/13 : Ðe euele stormes ðe cumeð of deules blastes.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)59/1 : Hit ne cam noht of eadmode herte.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)75b : Of þi flesches fetles kimeð þer smeal of aromaz oðer of swote basme?
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)255/20 : He is ofte cause..of manie kuedes þet comeþ of kueade tonge.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.211 : Of calues i-rooted comeþ bees, and of hors iroted comeþ harnettes.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)4.152 : Ich assente..Beo my counseil I-come of Clerkes and of Erles.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2752 : Right so as by richesses ther comen manye goodes, right so by pouerte come ther manye harmes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4117 : This dreem..Comth of the grete superfluytee Of youre rede colera.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.408 : Many a predicacioun Comth ofte tyme of yuel entencioun.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.656 : This fruyt cometh of the bicched bones two: Forsweryng, ire, falsnesse, homycide.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.562 : Of ire comen thise stynkynge engendrures..hate..werre [etc.].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.653 : Thise ben the synnes that comen of the tonge.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.157 : Bountee comth al of god, nat of the stren.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.1162 : Thy gentilesse cometh fro god allone.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)315b/a : Colde and druyenesse haue þe maystrie in sotil substaunce, and þerof comeþ sour sauour.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4167 : Bakbytyng cumþ also of enuye.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10701 : Þar hight es made, it cums o will.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)7/9 : Surgerie..comeþ of siros..an hand, & gyros..þat is worchinge in englisch.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)264/3 : Akinge of teeþ..comeþ of vijs of þe teeþ.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1335 : As an ook comth of a litel spir, So thorugh this lettre..Encressen gan desir.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.374 : Therof comen swiche avysiouns.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)8/24 : Þar-of cumis ille ending.
- a1425 Cursor (Glb E.9)25138 : Oure gude dedis..cumes of god.
- a1425 HBk.GDei (Arun 507)138 : In werks þat na gode comes [vr. commes] of.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.1.56 : Yif that any thing is woxen or comen of no causes, thanne schal it seme that thilke thing is comen or woxen of nawght.
- ?c1425 Craft Number.(Eg 2622)26/21 : Þou schal do away þe hier figure & sett þere þat þat comys of þat multiplicacion.
- (1426) EEWills75/22 : Haue ȝerly comyng oute of þe same rente.
- (1429) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.1373 : All the money comynge of the sale of the same londes.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2395 : Wiked fruit cometh of a wiked tre.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.5 : What cam therof? That wise men folie Her wordis held.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.53 : Of a raggud colte comes a gode hors.
- (1459) Will Wells in Nrf.Archaeol.2101 : Sche woll yat ye seyde londs ben sold..and ye mony ther of comyng be ȝowyn among freyers.
- (1463) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.3269 : Þe revenuz and profites..comyng or growyng of and in all þe maners, londes, et tenements aforseid.
- (1464) RParl.5.541b : Fermes and revenues comyng of oure Counte of Devynshire by the handis of the Sheryef.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)58/27 : Of Regall lyff xal come suche foyson.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)59/58 : All oure myrth comyth of a mayd.
7.
(a) Of things or situations: to come into being, arise, come about, come forth, start; -- also ~ abouten; ~ in (on, up); (b) of human beings: to come into existence, be born; ~ of moder (wombe); ~ forth; (c) of seeds: to sprout, grow; ~ forth; of plants: to emerge in spring, grow; ~ up.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)6/18 : Ðæt sar becymþ on ða eaȝen mid mycelre hætan, hwilum hit cymð on mid wæten.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)117/33 : All he ȝeald ðane harm ðe was ȝecumen ðurh Adam.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.267 : In Ezechias his tyme..com vppe to þe grete kyngdom of þe Babileyns and Caldeys, and durede vnder seuene kyngdoms.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3818 : He..thoughte, 'allas, now cometh Nowelys flood!'
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.731 : Tho goth the Regne of Bras aweie, And comen is the world of Stiel.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.1017 : Thurgh Senne it com That Nembrot such emprise nom, Whan he the Tour Babel on heihte Let make.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2083 : Whan it comth to nede.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2378 : Er the wisdom cam aboute Of hem that ferst the bokes write..Ther was gret labour.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.765 : Whan maistrie comth, the god of loue anon Beteth his wynges and farwel he is gon!
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1342 : Hir aqueyntance was nat come of newe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2403 : Whan his sighte is newe come ageyn.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)93b/a : Þe bocche þat comeþ aftir.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)148b/b : Ȝif a man puttiþ out here eyen þan here eyȝen comeþ aȝen.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2378 : Now telle we forþe..how þefte comþ yn queynt manere.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)4/31 : Aposteme þat comyth on þe sydes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2299 : Þus cam in, by his purviaunce, Of two regnes þe myȝti alliaunce.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1099 : Right so in love ther come and gon plesaunces.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.9.7 : I se wel now that suffisaunce may nat comen by rychesse..ne joie be delices.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Possessioners (Corp-C 296)117 : Þis amorteisynge comeþ in bi ypocrisie of preiynge be mouþ.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)246 : Thus miche is ynouȝ..forto knowe how ydolatrie came vp.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)128 : Wherof it hath comyn þat..he hath..aspired to þe estate of his prince.
b
- c1175 Body & S.(1) (Bod 343)2 : Ðe wes bold ȝebyld..er ðu of moder come.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)14170 : Hire clene wambe wass Till þatt bridgume bure Þatt he comm offe inntill þiss lif.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)7 : Þenne gest þu forð and oðer cumed.
- a1300 A Mayde Cristes (Jes-O 29)34 : Þis world fareþ hwilynde: hwenne on cumeþ, an-oþer goþ.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.755 : The moder was an elf..Ycomen by charmes or by sorcerye.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.446 : For thogh a mayde child coome al bifore, She may vnto a knaue child atteyne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)30b/a : In hote londes comeþ forþ blake men & browne.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.49 : A man wote when he goes, but he wote not when he comys.
c
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)133 : Sum of þe sede feol..on gode eorðe, and þet com wel forð.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)241 : Þis corn was ȝesawen..into ðes meidenes ære Marie..þis corn com ferst inne bethleem..hit wex and bleowu in iudea.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)211b/b : In fyue maner wise a plaunte is y gendred and comeþ forþ.
- c1400 Daniel *Herbal (Arun 42)f.34v : Aron..: On of þe ferst herbys þat comeþ vp, but furst of alle þat goþ doun.
8.
To become (sweet, weak, etc.); ~ on fir, to become passionate; what sal com of þe, what shall become of you.
Associated quotations
- ?c1335 Lollai lollai (Hrl 913)16 : Euer hab mund in þi hert of þos þinges þre: Whan þou commist, whan þou art, and what ssal com of þe.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7544 : Alone with hyre, þy þoght..cumþ sone on fyre, Be þou neuer so chaste.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.1.4 : So that the corn may comen hevy of erys and of greynes.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)60/5 : To make cornes to waxe, frutes of trees to come swete.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)71/35 : Þe stomak comeþ feble and losyth his strengthe.
9a.
(a) To occur, happen, come about; -- also, ~ abouten (forth, on, up, upon); (b) is to comen, shall happen, come to pass or exist; is bound to happen; lif to ~, future life; thing to ~, thing coming, a future event, the future.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1070 : Þa com an mycel storm & to dræfede ealle þa scipe.
- 1122 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1122 : Þær æfter comen feale tacne wide hwear on Engla land.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1135 : Wurþen men suiðe..of dred & sæden ðat micel þing sculde cumen..þat ilc gær warth þe king ded.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)132/8 : & cymð þenne fæȝer wæder.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)6/43 : Þu wendest þet þin ende nefre ne cuman scolde.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)7/39 : Ær cume þæs heiȝe kinges dom.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2367 : Þæraffterr comm, þatt hire frend Hemm tokenn..To ȝifenn hire summ god mann.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)243 : Þa com his lifes ende.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)19/17 : Ȝure ænde-dai..cumð unȝewares al swa þief be nihte.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)59/75 : Adueniat regnum tuum, Cume þi riche!
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)16/220 : Sone se cos kimeð [vr. cumeð] forð, þet is hire þridde fulht.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)36 : Þer ðe neure deað ne come, ne herm, ne sorinesse.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)533 : Þe blisse is ful swete þat comeþ after wo.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1130 : Alle þing Ihesus by-ffore wuste, þat þo comyng were.
- a1350 Weping haueþ (Hrl 2253)50 : Nou wo in world ys went away, ant weole is come ase we wolde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2629 : So slihly cam it noght aboute That thei ne ben discoevered oute.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)122b/a : In þat ȝere comeþ vp a lunacioun, a moone of þritty dayes and þre dayes leueþ ouer.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13131 : It com [Frf: felle] on a fest dai, þat king herod did for to call þe barnage.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.2542 : Late euery man..Taken his torne as it cometh a-boute.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.468 : She thought that love, Al come it late, Of alle joie hadde opned hire the yate.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.958 : Al that comth, comth by necessitee.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1000 : But they seyn that therfore That it shal come, therfore the purveyaunce Woot it byforn.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1014 : Wheither that the prescience of God is The certeyn cause of the necessite..Or if necessite of thyng comynge Be cause certeyn of the purveyinge.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5462 : Ne shal they fynde unnethis oon, Whanne poverte is comen upon.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.5.34 : The moevable peple is astoned of alle thinges that comen seelde and sodeynly.
- ?c1425(c1390) Chaucer Fort.(Benson-Robinson)55 : Wikke appetyt comth ay before syknesse.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)33b/b : If þer comeþ akþe.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)163 : There cam a clap of þundir.
- (1440) Paston2.47 : For to aspye hough this mater kam aboute.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)22.236 : It Cometh on of him self.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)8775 : He meruelled hou it cam aboute.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)6 : Why th'effect folweth of somme, And of somme hit shal never come.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)5.1096 : That god made hir as a prophetesse To telle þinges þat were after comande.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.50 : He comys not to late, Þat any gode is y-shape.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.57 : After drowyth comyth drye.
- c1450 Lychefelde Comp.G.(Lamb 853)674 : Whatso-euere comeþ, suffre paciently.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)56/5 : Whanne enye maner of greefys fallen or comen.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)61/39 : Alle þynges passyd sal gyue þe certeyn techynge of swylk þynges command.
b
- a1300 Leuedy for þare (Jes-O 29)8 : Help vs nv, þat we ne mysse of þat lif þat is to cume.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)152/23 : Þe þinges þet byeþ to comene he deþ poruay and ordayny.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.3.7 : Who shewide to ȝou for to flee fro wrath to cumme [WB(2): come]?
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1066 : What myght I wene..But that God purveyeth thyng that is to come For that it is to come, and ellis nought?
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.3.26 : Thanne ne sholde ther be no stedefast prescience of thing to comen.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.160 : He knoweth the thinges to comen, as wel necessarie as nat necessarie.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)73 : Holy, holy, holy, lord god almyȝty, which was and which is and which is to come.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)708 : For that ys doon ys not to come.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)45 : Yf the soule..Be so parfit..That yt forwot that ys to come.
9b.
To happen to (sb.), come to, come upon: -- (a) with obj.; him com blisse (bote), he was saved (cured); hem cam herte, they took heart; come hem lif or deth; etc.; (b) with on, over, upon, to phrase.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)11/23 : Sile hym..mete..and hym cymþ bote.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)6/41 : Þet bittere ilest þe efre, þet gode ne cumeþ þe nefre.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)719 : All þatt blisse þatt uss comm Þurrh þatt he comm onn eorþe.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)13/22 : Hwi me scolde cumen swilche unȝelimpes.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)29/6 : Ðanne ðe cumþ eft sum euel.
- ?c1250 PMor.(Eg 613(1))316 : Of alle vre gultes unne us come bote.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)403 : Þerof come þis ȝunge men swiþe muche tene.
- c1300 Gabriel fram evene king (Arun 248)46 : War-þurw us kam god won: he bout us hut of pine.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1584 : Þei ichabbe i-haued a-nuy, to come me is wel more.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3253 : On and on kin, als herte hem cam, ðat folc ilc in his weige nam.
- c1425(?a1400) Arthur (Lngl 55)350 : Now god spede Artour welle! hym ys comyng a nyw batelle.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)187 : The barnes [barons]..were..swore to pursewe this conclusioune, come hem lyf, or come hem deth.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1066 : Syððon comen..ealle ifele to þone mynstre.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)15528 : Itt comm hefiȝlike onn hemm Þurrh Godess rihhte wræche.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)15 : Al þas wrake is icumen ouer alle þeode.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)61/13 : For ði scal godes wraððe cumen on hem.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)43/19 : Alle þes þynges comen up us.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.54.6 : Drede and trembling camen vp on me.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.291 : Shameful deeth..Come to thise iuges and hir aduocatz!
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.1063 : The shame that is to come at the day of doome to hem that ben nat penitent.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4082 : Vnthank come on his hand!
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Deut.28.2 : And there shulen come vpon thee alle thes blissyngis.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Deut.28.15 : If thou wolt not here the vois of the Lord..shulen come vpon thee alle thes malysouns.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.1.14 : Eelde is comyn unwarly uppon me.
- (1428) EEWills78/17 : I be-quethe Tho Henry Thommissone, myn apprentice vj li..And also I forgȝeff and relece to the seid Henry alle his termes to me comyng of his apprentisehod.
- (1472) Will York in Sur.Soc.45205 : If any thyng com att John..the lyvelod to be devydid emong the odir bredir.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)8/7 : When we wern yn þe see, a tempest comme on vs and drownet all.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)71/19 : Who-so beryþ bytoyne, þe palsy schal nouȝt come at hym.
10.
(a) Of a point in time, a festival, a season: to arrive; time is comen (to), the time has come; to come domes-dai, until doomsday shall come; etc.; -- also, ~ aboute (in, on, to, up); (b) time to comen, time coming, future time, the future; (c) come seven-night (twelve-month), when the end of a week (year) comes, in a week (year); come estern, come Easter, by Easter; -- time clause, with subjunctive; (d) hir time come, her time to give birth came; ne com nought yet min time, my time to die has not yet come.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)134 : Whanne hiss lott Wass cumenn upp to þeowwtenn, He toc hiss reclefatt onn hand.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9897 : Forr þa wass cumenn to, þatt Crist Þa shollde cumenn newenn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12842 : Þatt ta wass cumenn time to, Þatt menn þa sholldenn..stinntenn..To þewwtenn Godd.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)11 : Nu beoð icumen..þa halie daȝes uppen us.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)227 : Þa se time com þe god forescewede, þa sende he his ængel.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2422 : Þa com þe time gliden..Þæt Covineus..makede his liues ende.
- a1275 Doomsday (Trin-C B.14.39)13 : From þat adam was ischapen to comen [read: come] domes-dai.
- a1275 Of on þat is so fayr (Trin-C B.14.39)33 : And Com þe dai salutis.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)29 : Stille he lai til it kam ðe dridde dai.
- a1300 Svmer is icumen (Hrl 978)1 : Svmer is icumen in, Lhude sing cuccu!
- ?a1300 Stond wel moder (Dgb 86)50 : Þe time is comen, I go to helle.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)130 : Ðo cam ðe ferðe dais ligt.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)597 : Ðo ðe tende moned [read: moneð] cam in.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)707 : Ðe ðridde werldes elde cam.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3364 : In reyn with wilde beestes walked he, Til certeyn tyme was ycome aboute.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1732 : Sith the day is come that I shal dye, I make pleynly my confessioun.
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.(Vrn)92/1766 : I haue hem laft for euermo, Whil niht and day mai come and go.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.261 : The woful day fatal is come.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1283 : Whan come was the Monthe of Maii.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5112 : The morwe cam.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)325a/a : Whan tyme comeþ þat he schal legge, sche heueþ hire eiren to..þe seuen sterres.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)1851 : Til vij skores dayes ware comme and gan, þe stremys stode stille in ane.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)3560 : Þe bodi þat so in elde is nomen, his day is goon, his niȝt is comen.
- (1417-8) EEWills39/26 : To be paid at Esteren next commyng.
- (1421) Indent.Catterick in Archaeol.J.758 : Befor ye fest of ye Inuencion of ye haly Crosse next comande.
- (1423) RParl.4.200b : Fro the seid morn of Seynt Martyn next commyng unto the ende of too Yere than next folwyng.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.421 : Also seur as day comth after nyght.
- (1425) Paston2.23 : Unto Cristemasse next comyng.
- (c1425) Doc.Lynn in Nrf.Archaeol.6222 : Ȝe shal..chese oure mayr..for þe ȝeer comynge.
- (1439) RParl.5.5b : The Fest of Seint Martyn in wynter next comyng.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)259 : The vij ful eeris of corn signifieden the vij plenteuose ȝeeris next thanne comyng.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)13.40 : Er that day Cam hem vppon.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)892 : The nyghte come on ful sone.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)1631 : vj dayes be comyn and goon.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)374 : That day was comyn that hym bod dy.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)5252 : Socour sall þei haue..or thre days next be comyn and gone.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17121 : Mærlin..dude him to vnder-stonde..of al þan ȝeren þat to cumen weoren.
- (1419) Let.Bk.in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk I & K)101/24 : Þat euery man þe rather shold eschewe..disceyt in tyme comyng.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5313 : Þat oure foon..may drede For to do wers to vs..In tyme commyng.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.4.63 : Neither..the counfort of this tyme present ne the hope of tyme comyng.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.7.106 : Whan ye thynken that in tyme comynge your fame schal lasten.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.22 : Fro preteritz into futures, that is to seyn, fro tyme passed into tyme comynge.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.157 : As thei shollen betyde to yow-ward in tyme to comen.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)53b/b : He schal nouȝt be hurte in tyme comynge.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)216 : Eny synne which we..han doon or whiche we..schulen do in tyme to come.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)344 : As for now or as for tyme to come.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)2.609 : In tyme comynge it may yow moche avayle.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)10/34 : Þat such errour growe not in tyme to come.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)126 : That the same livelod be..not aliened in tyme comynge.
c
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)27/448 : Þu schalt beo dubbed kniȝt Are come seue niȝt.
- (1417-8) EEWills39/28 : He schele Haue..xv li. at Esteren next, and x li. at Esteren come twelmonthe.
- (1429) RParl.4.337b : An hole Disme of your lay poeple..paiable atte Cristemas come twelmoneth.
- (1430-1) RParl.4.368b : To been..paied be the Fest of Ester come tuelfemonethe next after the saide Graunte.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)805 : In þe office of þe priuee seal I wone..and haue xxti yeer And iiij, come estren.
d
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)14371 : Te Laferrd Jesu Crist..seȝȝde till hiss moderr, 'Abid, wifmann..ne comm nohht ȝet min time'.
- c1330 Degare (Auch)179 : Her time come, ȝhe was vnbounde..A knaue-schild þer was ibore.
11.
(a) To be becoming, proper, or natural (to sb.); -- with obj. or to phr.; (b) to be incumbent upon (sb.), be (one's) task.
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8696 : Ne wep noȝt..vor it ne comþ [vr. bicomeþ] noȝt to þe.
- c1400 *SLeg.Cuth.[OD col.] (Trin-O 57) : No suche idell games it ne cometh [Ld.line 21: bi-cometh] the to worche.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2181 : Hit shuld come you by course..To be sory for my sake.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)627 : It come noȝt a kyng son..to sytt Doune..emange othire schrewis.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3974 : It comes..to na kyng..To latt his pepill..perisch.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.161 : It cam him [þe fawcon] not of kynde, kytes to loue.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9123 : Nu cumeþþ me to tellenn forþ Off Sannt Johan Bapptisste.
12.
Of combat: ~ after (in, on), to attack or pursue; ~ to bataille, to engage in combat; ~ of, to deal (with an adversary), defeat.
Associated quotations
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)546 : Brutus heom com æfter, & æfer he heom leide on.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.27 : He com neuer to bataile, þat he ne had þe maistrie.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.2316 : Where þei wern most myȝti in batail, Troylus cam in & gan hem to assail.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)949 : A stronge & wel fetured man..That can be..quyk & quyver, And with his foo com of and him delyuer.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)31/14 : Whan we se that ye have foughtyn with hem longe, than woll we com on freysshly.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)354/36 : They cam in uppon sir Gareth, and so with hir sperys they slewe his horse.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)1860 : Gye beganne on hym to crye: 'Harrawde, come on smertlye.'
13.
Of narration: ~ ayen (eft) to, return to (a subject); ~ of, to continue a narrative; ~ to, to reach (the end of an activity); ~ to the pointe, to arrive at a (certain) point; ; nou cometh the pointe, now comes the important point.
Associated quotations
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)155 : Iwule nu cumen eft to þe dome þet ich er ow of sede.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2208 : Now comth the point, and herkneth if yow leste!
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.419 : Come I to 'ite, missa est', I holde me yserued.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1959 : But now to come ageyn to my matere.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)7/14 : Whan sche cam to þe poynt for to seyn þat þing.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)341/26 : To com off and to breff this tale: Whan she com to kynge Arthure [etc.].
14.
Misc. phrases: (a) ~ aboven, to rise above (an enemy), overcome; (b) ~ after, to follow, come after (sth. else); (c) ~ ayenes, to go against or infringe upon (an ordinance); (d) ~ at on, to come to agreement; (e) ~ doun from, to descend from (glory); (f) ~ ner, to get near or touch (sth. that is hopeless or harmful), meddle with; (g) ~ ner, to have an adequate conception (of sth.); (h) ~ forth (oute), outre ~, , to be disclosed, become known, come out; ~ in light (to sighte), to come into view, appear; (i) ~ awei (oute of), to get away from, escape, abandon; (j) ~ in wille (in-til thought, on mod, to herte, to minde), to come to (one's) mind, etc.; occur to (sb.); ~ oute of remembraunce, to be forgotten; (k) ~ from swouninge (to minde, to self), to regain consciousness, come to, wake up; (l) ~ to the preve, to come to test; (m) ~ togeder, to have intercourse, copulate; ~ at, of the male: to approach (the female); (n) ~ togederes, of ingredients: to mix with each other, blend, bind; (o) ~ up, of income: to accumulate.
Associated quotations
a
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)26/26 : Truste in Gode, for by hys power we shal come aboue oure enemys.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.656 : Ealle þa ða æfter me cumen, beon hi mine sunes, beon hi mine breðre..þet ure gyfe mote standen.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)29/30 : Hier after cumþ an oðer hali mihte ðe is icleped firma spes.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.7 : I haue y-kast..to write a tretes..of þe staat of þe ylonde of Britayne, to knowleche of men þat comeþ after vs.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.499 : After bakbitynge cometh grucchynge.
- c1475 Rwl.Prov.(Rwl D.328)p.119 : Pryd goat be-fore and scham comyth after.
c
- c1460 Oseney Reg.19/6 : If oony man..will ataste to come agaynste hit [the ordinance].
d
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2782 : Ac þai no miȝt nouȝt acord..þai no miȝt comen at on.
e
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Jer.48.18 : Cum [WB(2): go] doun fro glorie, sit in thrist!
f
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)89b/a : If þe sikenez be olde of one or 2 ȝere, come not nere it, ffor it haþ not cure.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)99a/b : Presume he on no maner to negh or come nere wyne.
g
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14123 : Ne ei mai see..Ne mans wijt þar mai cum nere, Hu mikel mede þat vs es dight.
h
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1129 : Þa hit eall com forð, þa weorð hit eall of earcedæcnes wifes & of preostes wifes, þat hi scolden hi for læten.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)73 : Drede letteð þe mannes shrifte, þe ne dar his sinnes seien þe prest, leste hit uttere cume þat hie tweien witen.
- ?c1335 Sith Gabriell gan (Hrl 913)p.163 : Þis compasment com vte, Fram kniȝt to kniȝt abute; Hit nas noȝt lang ihidde.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.355 : At þe laste it come out [Higd.(2): hit was schewede] þat Iudas was not þe kynges sone.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1185 : Thus cam out the tricherie, Which under fals Ypocrisie Was hid.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15892 : He drogh him bak..Wald he noght cum in light.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26238 : Wiche-craft..And stelth..if þai cum to sight, þe biscop agh þam for to right.
- a1400 Cursor (Phys-E)24943 : Þe lem gan liht, þe storm it fel, ful fair it com þat se to siht.
i
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1997 : Swa comm ȝho [Mary] full wel aweȝȝ, Þurrh þatt tatt ȝho wass weddedd, Þatt ȝho ne shamedd nass.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1496 : Whan he þurth comfort was comen of his care.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)1422 : Ȝiff Nero myȝt sone dye, Oþer come out sone of his eresye.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.39 : That I may..cum owte of this wo.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)100 : We are not so sikir þat we be wiþ out faut..Þerfor þat we may cum out, and cum to þe knowing of trowþ [etc.].
j
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)68/29 : Him com þa to ȝemynde his ȝebroðræ on life.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11 : Hit com him on mode..þet he wolde of Engle þa æðelæn tellen.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)17/13 : Ælche dai me cumeð sonden on mine þohtes, þat ic scall neuliche cumen te-foren him.
- a1275 Body & S.(3) (Trin-C B.14.39)2 : Nou is mon hol & soint, & huvel him comit in mund.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)275/63 : Whon þis þhout com hire vppon, A wikkednesse hire weyuede anon.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2069 : Bot to myn herte cam it noght, Ne sank no deppere in my thoght.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)788 : Yet wol I telle hem as they come to mynde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20612 : Ne com it neuer intil mi thoght.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)23552 : If hit come ham in þaire wille to make a-noþer erþ & heiuen [etc.].
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1444 : This drem..May nevere come out of his remembraunce.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2545 : If ony word thanne come to mynde, That thou to seye hast left bihynde.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2565 : Thanne shall thee come a remembraunce Of hir shap and hir semblaunce.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)164/22 : It cam to hir mende how men had seyd [etc.].
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)242 : Oþer wise cam It not In to My thowhte.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)118 : Þe kyng hem tolde..It com hym in a vysyoun.
k
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)128/4 : Ac þanne he heþ y-slepe and comþ to him-zelue.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.1857 : Sche..fell aswoune..Sche was anon with water laved, Til sche cam to hirself ayein.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)9/7 : Whan þis creatur was þus gracyowsly comen a-geyn to hir mende.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)6691 : [Generides] from his swonyng cam, And..his way he nam.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)142.354 (v.2:p.404) : Whanne he cam ageyn to himself he chaungyd hys maners and lyuyd bettyr aftyr thanne he had don byforn.
l
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)968 : He that semeth the wisest..Is moost fool whan it comth to the preef.
m
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)60b/a : To fulfille suche generacioun, it nediþ þat tweye beestis come to gedres, male & female.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)277b/a : Þe male comeþ nought at hire But in þe sixte monþe after þe whelpynge.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)45/18 : Þe seuene is a man wiþ his modre or wiþ his douȝter..suche folke mowe not come to-gidre wiþ-out dedly synne, not in mariage.
n
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)45 : Take Eyroun..stere it wel in þe panne tyl it come to-gederys wel.
o
- (1455) Lin.DDoc.68/21 : That other deel shal be in my Executours handes xij yeris..till thei haue therof CC marces..& after theke CC marces comme vp, thanne the hole maner turne to Thomas.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)5/31 : Eleusius..hefde iunne feolahschipe to affrican, & wes iwunet ofte to cumen wið him to his in, & iseon his dohter.
Note: Quot. needed for date in sense 2.(b).
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1028 : Alexander with ane ost..to saile he begynnes..In-to þe coste of Calodone, he comes him ouer first, And þar a cite he assailes.
Note: New meaning for sense 2.(b).
Note: Modify first gloss: "(b) ~ in (into, to) (a place);--also refl."
- a1475 Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)4631 : Richesses ben here bodily And some þere ben also goostly, And whoso comeþ þat oone tille [Ld: vntyll], He may haue þat oþer if he wille.
Note: New phrase for sense 4a.(a).
Note: Modify the boldfaced phrase comen to = to attain to or reach (a certain state or position) to "~ til (to, until), to attain or reach (a certain state or position)".
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.48 : Spele Frenssh and construe art, And þou schalt selde com to thy part.
Note: New sense for sense 4a.(b).
Note: Modify gloss: "~ at (to), to attain or achieve (sth.); also in prov. expression."
- a1150(?OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)67/4 : Þas witen & þas gedrefodnysse þonne gewurðeð & ateowodnysse þæs awyrgoden Antecristes tocyme, se þe on þysne middeneard towweard is to cumene.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9757 : Ȝe neddress streon, wha tahhte ȝuw To fleon & to forrbuȝhenn Þatt irre þatt to cumenn iss?
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)3 : Þat oðer tocume beð on domes dai, and þat we abiden..And alle þo þe ben tocumen her after abideð his tocume.
- a1250 Creed (Blick 6864)p.138 : Þanen he is to cumen for to dem þa quike & þa deede.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1190 : Ich..wod al þat to kumen is.
- a1300 PMor.(Jes-O 29)143 : Neuer ich in helle ne come ne þer to cume ne recche.
Note: Quots. needed for date in sense 9a.(b).
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)495 : To cumme: Futurus, venturus.
Note: Additional quot. for sense 9a.(b).
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)23911 : Þat in help of þe traitour comes Fra outen landes..Þai come on als traitours and thefes, Þis hile and pople sar grefes.
Note: Quot. needed for date in sense 12.
- c1440(a1349) Rolle 10 Com.(Thrn)10/30 : In thre maners mane may syn in swerynge..Also if he com agaynes his athe, noght fulfilland þat he has sworne.
Note: New phrase and gloss for sense 14.(c): "~ ayenes oth, to break (one's) oath."
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)31b/b : Þe braun of þe arme is endid þre fyngir brede or þan he come to þe ioynct of þe elbowe.
Note: New sense: "~ to to extend as far as (a certain location) reach to."
Note: The list of variant spellings in the form section is incomplete and needs revision to accord with standards of later volumes of the MED.--all notes per MLL