Middle English Dictionary Entry
cōmb n.
Entry Info
Forms | cōmb n. Also come, camb, cam(e, caim. |
Etymology | OE camb, comb. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A comb for dressing the hair; (b) an ornamental comb for keeping the hair in place; a comli under combe, a fair lady; (c) her. the figure of a comb as a charge.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)6/17 : Nime þane comb þa heo ane hyre heafad mid cembe.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6340 : All þatt..þing Þatt minnstremann birrþ aȝhenn, Wiþþutenn cnif & shæþe & camb & nedle.
- c1330 Floris (Auch)985 : Þe þridde [maiden] scholde bringe combe and mirour To seruen him wiþ gret honour.
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)86 : A komb, A myrour, and a koeverchef.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1749 : With no craft of combes brode Thei myhte hire hore lockes schode.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)273a/b : Of oxe hornes ben..y made..combes to righte and to clense hedes of heere.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3351 : Craftely with a kambe cho kembede myn heuede.
- (1451) Will York in Sur.Soc.45118 : j pari sheres et j came.
- (1464-5) Acc.Howard in RC 57491 : Payd fore iij yvery combes, xvj d.
- a1500(?a1400) MS Sln.282 in Alphita (Sln 282)p.82fn. : Hironia uel yronea, hiposita, cauda equina, cauda caballina ys a rowȝ herb with þe which men polisshen combes, bowes and cuppes.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.3.19 : In that dai the Lord shal don awei the ournement of shon..and mytris and combys [WB(2): coombis; L discriminalia] and ribanes.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)775 : So mony a comly on-vunder cambe [rimes: Lambe, þou clambe] For Kryst han lyued in much stryf.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)136 : And also on hir [Venus'] hed, pardee, Hir rose garlond whit and red, And hir comb to kembe hyr hed.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)15 : The Kyng..stondyng in his nyght gowne, all unclothid save his shirt, his cape, his combe, his coverchif.
c
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.4 (Hrl 2169)238 : [Sable] iij combys [of silver].
2.
Various toothed implements: (a) a comb for currying horses; hors ~; (b) a comb for carding wool, a card; (c) an instrument for torturing by laceration; also fig.; (d) a tool for making incisions.
Associated quotations
a
- (1404) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.100397 : Item in Stabulo..l hors kambe.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)88 : Combe [Win: Coome] of curraynge, or horse combe: Strigilis.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(LdMisc 108)246 : Also man draweth with combes wolle, hire tetes heo to-drowe Fram hire bodi mossel mele.
- a1350 SLeg.Blase (LdMisc 108)85 : As men wiþ combes wolle todrauþ, his fless þer-wiþ he tere.
c
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)110/253 : Bifor Decius war broght Sere turmentries, al newly wroght..Cambes and pines, scharp puruaid.
- a1500(a1450) St.Robt.Knares.(Eg 3143)475 : He kemmes the crowell wyth hys cambe, Off a lyon makys a lambe.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)216a/b : If þe rynde of þe stok [of balsamum] is y smete wiþ Iren combes [L ferreis vngulis], and þanne droppiþ þerof nobil opobalsamum.
3.
(a) The crest or comb of a cock; (b) the crest of a snake.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)258/23 : Yef þe pokoc him prette uor his uayre tayle and þe coc uor his kombe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4049 : His [the cock's] comb was redder than the fyn coral, And batailled as it were a castel wal.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)148a/a : The cok bereþ a comb on his hede in stede of a crowne.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)439 : When he is rosted..sowe hym in his skyn and gilde his combe, and so serve hym forthe.
- a1450 I have a gentil cok (Sln 2593)7 : I haue a gentil cook..his comb is of reed corel, his tayil is of get.
b
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)143/5 : Þare er also nedderes with cambez on þaire heeds, as it ware a cokk.
4.
(a) A ridge, the crest of a hill; (b) in names: cambehous, cambis heved [see Smith PNElem. 1.79].
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2564 : If ðat folc hem wulde deren, Ðe dikes comb hem sulde weren.
b
- (1138) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)196 : Cambe [at the northern end of a ridge].
- (1301) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)258 : Cambehous.
- (1376) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)194 : Cambisheved.
5.
The palm or metacarpus (of the hand); the instep or metatarsus (of the foot).
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)51a/a : Þe holouȝ of þe hond..haþ tweye partyes: pecten, þe combe, & þe toþir partie is þe fyngres.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)62a/a : Þe foot is maad of foure & fourty boones..ten of þe come & þritty of þe toon.
6.
A honeycomb [see honi-comb].
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Prov.16.24 : The comb of hony [is] wel set woordis.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)18.11 : Wele swetter to mannes wambe Ouer honi and þe kambe [L super mel et favum].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)120b/b : Like to hony þat is in þe combe.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)7.126 : Their combes beth ful drie.
- a1450 As ofte (Tan 346)7 : As ofte as..hony dropys oute of the combes still, So ofte..I sygh for youre sake.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)3862 : Of þe came with hony.
- c1475 Regina celi qwene (Hrl 2251)16 : With my hony my combis I ete, With my swetnesse man is fedde.
7.
(a) comb coverchef, a kerchief; (b) ~ hed, ?a piece of bone for fashioning a comb; (c) ~ makere, ~ smith, ~ wright, one who makes combs or cards; (d) ~ wul, wool carded out of the long staple; (e) wolves ~, q.v.
Associated quotations
a
- (1461-83) Wardrobe Acc.Edw.IV in Hill Hist.Eng.Dress155 : [Five dozen] hand-couverchieffes [and twelve] combecouverchieffes.
b
- (1420-1) in Gras Eng.Cust.Syst.500 : De Christian Combemaker pro ii bondellis sarrarum, ii c combehedes pr.xlvi s.
c
- (c1310) Chart.in Capes Hereford Cath.181 : Le Cumbewrehte.
- (1373) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms227 : Cambmaker.
- (1445) Will York in Sur.Soc.30116 : Willelmus Routh..camsmyth.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)686/31 : Hic pectinarius: a comemaker.
- -?-(1393) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.9693 : Cambesmyth.
- -?-(1458) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.96178 : Fil.Willelmi Routh, caymsmyth.
d
- (1341) in Löfvenberg Contrib.Lex.29 : [3 sarplars of his wool called] combwull.
8.
Meanings unknown.
Associated quotations
- (1440) Will York in Sur.Soc.3075 : Aliciæ Maldson unam togam de russeto penulatam cum rigez et coombes.
- a1500 Feast Tott.(Cmb Ff.5.48)95/283 : Ther was castrell in cambys, And capulls in cullys, With blandamets in dorde.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: In sense 8., the Will York quot. may belong in cǒumb n.(2) (= "A valley hollow, coomb") as a new sense. The quot. describes a russet robe or a gown trimmed (or lined) with fur "cum rigez et coombes" = ?"with ridges and valleys," that is, the fabric is ribbed and furrowed, or perhaps if trimmed with fur, the design resembles ribs and furrows.
Note: The Will York quot. is also found under riǧǧe n., sense 2. = "A pelt or hide taken from the back of an animal; the fleece of the back of the sheep." Note the (1451) quot. there which describes a garment: "j furrura de rig et wombe." (MED wōmb(e n., sense 3.(c) = "the belly piece of an animal hide or skin.") Alternatively, "coombes" may be some sort of reanalyzation of "woombes."
Note: In sense 8., the Feast Tott. quot. probably belongs to sense 6. = "A honeycomb." The dishes at this feast always consist of ridiculous objects (such as chamber pots, bell clappers, millstones, etc.) or animals (such as steeds, riding horses, a goat, etc.) served in a legitimate food (such as some sort of soup, sauce, stew, etc.). Honeycomb was actually used in food and drink preparation (e.g. mead) although there are no quots. here containing recipes. The nonsensical dish ("castrell in cambys") would thus be a flask, wine-skin, or portable keg served with honeycomb, perfectly in accordance with the other absurdities on this menu.
Note: The list of variant spellings in the form section is incomplete and needs revision to accord with standards of later volumes of the MED.--notes per MLL
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. comb.