Middle English Dictionary Entry
clōsen v.
Entry Info
Forms | clōsen v. Also closi. Ppl. clōs(e, (N) cloise, clōsed. |
Etymology | From OF clos(e, ppl. of clore; the ppl. clos, closed occurs frequently as an adj. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. enclosen.
1.
(a) To obstruct a passageway; block entrance to (a place); ~ up; ~ from, bar or block (someone's) entry; shut or lock (a door); ~ to; of a trap: to shut; (b) to close an opening or gap; ~ eies, shut the eyelids, shut the eyes, go to sleep, die; ~ eres, refuse to listen; ~ mouth, shut the mouth or keep it shut; refrain from speaking; of the knees: ?knock together, ?buckle; (c) to stop or fill up an aperture; ~ wound, close or heal a wound; ~ cheste, caulk (the cracks in) the Ark; (d) of a gap: to close up; ~ togeder; of a wound: close, heal; (e) ppl. clos as adj.: of a container: provided with a lid or stopper; (f) of a woman's uterus: to close up.
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11906 : Hor ȝates hii wiþinne none closi nolde.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.22.22 : I shal ȝyue the keȝe..he shal openen, and ther shal not be that close; and he shal closen, and ther shal not be that opene.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)290b/b : An hucche þat closeþ ful soone whanne it is y touched.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)prol.104 : Foure vertues..Þat cardinales ben called & closyng [C 1.132: closynde] ȝatis, Þere crist is in kyngdome to close and to shutte.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.65 : In Elyes tyme heuene was yclosed, Þat no reyne ne rone.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)22.168 : In an hous al by-shutt..Crist cam yn, and al was closed boþe dore and ȝates.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1742 : Ho comez withinne þe chambre dore & closes hit hir after.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)3/9 : Iesu haþ þe keie of Dauiþ þe whiche opineþ & noon oþir closiþ, closiþ & þanne noon oþir opineþ.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.19.6 : Loth..closide the dore [WB(1): tyndynge to the dore].
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3936 : Therfore close I shall the weye Fro hem that wole the Rose espie.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3576 : Þen come þe sexsten..forto haue closede þe dorus of þe chirche to.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)195/9 : He garte close vp þe den mouthe at þai sulde not com oute.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)207/1705 : He cometh to the temple and goth in; Anone þey closed þe dore with gynne.
- 1607(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)327/218 : This place closed alway should be from earthly man to haue entry.
b
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1581 : 'My ffader..Ich by-take my gost in þin hond;' and þo closede his eye.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7258 : He closede boþe is eye..In þis manere he gan deye.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4522 : This Chauntecler..heeld hise eyen cloos.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1275 : Sche Commandeth me my mowth to close, And that I scholde hir noght oppose In love.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3371 : Whanne I schal myn yhen close, Anon min herte he wole oppose..That selde it is whan that I slepe.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1541 : Þe stronge strok..His cnes cachches to close, and cluchches his hommes.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)183 : Wyth yȝen open & mouth ful clos, I stod as hende as hawk in halle.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)803 : So closed he hys mouth fro vch query, Quen Juez hym iugged in Jerusalem.
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)347 : Men keepe hir mowthes cloos.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5390 : Til for drede his yen clos, And til a wikked deth hym take.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.1.25 : Deth..turneth awey fro wrecches and nayteth to closen wepynge eien.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)872 : Nature..mad hem [eyes] opene by mesure, And close.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2305 : When Ector hade answaret & endet his tale, He enclynet the Kyng & closit his mowthe.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)4470 : His eyne closude, & gan to dyee, His soule away gan passe.
- a1500 ?Ros Belle Dame (Cmb Ff.1.6)332 : But sone thei cane..to fayr speche lyghtly þair yeres close.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)222a/b : Þe roote..closiþ and heleþ woundes.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)310 : Make to þe..A cofer closed of tres, clanlych planed.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)346 : [God to Noah] Hatz þou closed þy kyst wyth clay alle aboute?
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4097 : If he myght fynde hole..Or ony gappe, he dide it close.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)155b/b : Be þe wounde bisily yclosed wiþ cotoun & byndyng.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)104/19 : It schall closyn þe wounde with-inne and helyn it well with-owte.
d
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.233 : Þan þe erþe closed to gidres, and so þe chene was i-stopped.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4165 : Sche made his wounde clos.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4037 : Sodeynly the grounde on which he stood Closyd ageyn and to-gydre shette.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)8/25 : He stey up in-to þe eyr..sche mygth wel be-holdyn hym in þe eyr tyl it was closyd a-geyn.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.2 Merch.(Hrl 2255)225 : I am hurt, but closyd is my wounde: My dethis spere strykith in my brest.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)2239 : The erth opynd..And sodanly þei sanke to hell..The erthe sone was closed agayn.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)83/30 : It [women's paps] schal closyn and ben all hooll.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)46/17 : A wounde þat ys al-most y-helyd a-boue and rotyt with-Inne, so þat hit be noȝt al y-closid.
e
- (1391) Acc.Exped.Der.in Camd.n.s.5286/20 : ij bendes pro cloos boketes pro naui.
- (1465) Paston (Gairdner)4.202 : A close glasse of yvery, a grete combe of yvere.
- (a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Archaeol.J.1 (Sln 73)155 : Put it in a clos erden pot, and stoppe it wel and clos.
f
- a1475 Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)6922 : Þe modir steriþ hir and turneþ aboute So þat þe childe falleþ oute Of þe chaumbre þat lieth ynne..; whan it is out..þe modir closiþ anoon right.
2.
Of something that is spread out or unfolded: to shut, fold up, close; ~ in (togeder).
Associated quotations
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7081 : Þat child..closed is [hands] to gadere & is vestes boþe adrou.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 4.20 : Whanne he hadde closid the book.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)142b/b : Whanne he settiþ on a stoon he closiþ in his clawes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)161a/b : Þe oystre may noȝt close him self.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)227b/b : Ofte floures openeþ hemself in þe sonne rysyng and closiþ hemselfe in þe sonne goynge doun.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.968 : Right as floures, thorugh the cold of nyght Iclosed, stoupen on hire stalke lowe.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1675 : Of knoppes clos some sawe I there.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)43.277 : Evere As Clos that Rose it was As Any botown In ony plas.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)198 : This flour gan close and goon to reste For derknesse of the nyght.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)20/28 : Anon þe hond closyth togedyr, and woll not open.
3.
(a) Of two or more things: to come close together, join; ~ togeder; ppl. closing, connecting; close-fitting; ppl. clos, of a bird's foot: webbed; (b) to join or connect (things); ppl. clos: fastened or framed firmly; (c) ~ ther-to (unto), to adjoin (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.451 : Þan þe coppes of þe hilles wente and closede to gidres, and so þe place was i-closede þat no man myȝte come þerto.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)141a/a : Cootes & wilde malardes and swannes..haueþ brode closid and holouȝe feet.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)142b/b : Þe egle haþ on foot cloos and hool as þe foot of a gandre.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)351/18 : Loke þou haue a strong vessel..& loke þat þe couercle þerof & þe bodi be wel closyng.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)104a/a : In þe shuldrez ar..þe spalde receyuyng wiþ 2 bekez & þe furcle closyng & þe adiutorij entring.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)1459 : Þat nayle was halff y-fylyd a-two..Bot alle-hole togedur y-closod aȝeyne hit is.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)40a : Þanne moot þe greet armure..stonde cloos as a wal of yren, and..wiþ swerd..fyȝte hond at hond.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.299 : Ovide also poetycally hath closyd Falshede with trouthe.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)176/30 : God..closed the mountaynes togydre, so þat þei dwellen þere, all faste ylokked.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)17351 : Tho ȝates, Ful clos they ben with joyntes of yrne.
c
- (1448) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1355 : The same cloister shal close vnto the chirch on the north side.
- (1448) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1370 : And westward closyng therto, a kechen.
4a.
(a) To fortify (a city, castle, etc.) by surrounding it with a wall and/or a moat; ~ in; clos toun, walled city; (b) to put a wall, hedge, or ditch around (a garden, yard, or dwelling); closed with, surrounded by; clos temple; maken clos, ?fence (a vineyard); (c) of a wall, hedge, ditch: to surround (a plot of ground); ~ in; ~ in compas; (d) law to fence in or bound (waste or common land) by way of appropriation to private use; appropriate to private use; clos pasture; closed park.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.75 : Þe places were realliche i-closed wiþ real walles þat ȝit somdel stondeþ wel nyh cloos.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)9891 : A castel..wid wallis closid.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)3563 : Þe olde cites þat he fond, He closed þem & mad hem newe; Þe walles he reisede trist & trewe.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)14626 : Wyþ tymber & ston þey closed þem fast..On dayes þey wroughte on þer clos [etc.].
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)65a : Þre manere of diuers dichinge þere is to close yn þe castel of an oost þat restiþ in opoun felde.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1715 : Crist..dos kepe Mankynde in þis Castel clos.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)411 : He..closede ther a castelle with cornells full heghe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1949 : Nestor..was negh at his hond..in his close halle.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12341 : Other weghes, þat wonyn besyde In castels..& in cloise townes.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)101 : An hegge is no wal..for to close with toures ne castelles.
- (a1460) DSPhilos.(Helm)259/12 : The kinges of Grece werne right besy..to bilde citees and to cloose hem with walles.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)749 : A gardin..wynli wiþ heie wal was closed al aboute.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.25 : Þere is a pond i-closed [vr. yclosed] aboute wiþ a wal of tyle and of stoon.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)221b/a : Cepe caninum..hatte squilla..Men..plante hem in closed gardynes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)245b/a : Þis tree..is beste to close gardyns and vyneȝerdes.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)8241 : A wal dud he aboute hit [þe orcharde] reise..whenne hit was cloos [Vsp: closed] [etc.].
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.79 : S. Cutberte's kirke [he] closed with a walle.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)512 : To hyre werkmen to hys vyne..forth þay gotz..Keruen and caggen and man hit close.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2968 : The roser was..Closed with an hegge withoute.
- (1450) Complaint in War.AM 4180 : The whiche voide grounde was closyd ynne with a wall.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12543 : To pull Cassandra..out of hir cloise temple.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.2738 : The londe lay well closed within a diche, Pleasaunt to the riche man.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)prol.3 : This boke is cald garthen closed, wel enseled, paradyse ful of all appils.
c
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1842 : The hegge..That closide the roses in compas.
- (1433) RParl.4.458a : Wheras the Commons of the Forest of Galtres..hakked doun a pale of the said Abbey in Bouthom closyng a ground of the said Abbey.
- (1465-6) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA 87.m.5 : A brikwall closyng in the Chapell of seynt Austyn.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)251/24 : He yaf..a crofte..that a diche full closeth hit.
d
- (1440) Visit.Alnwick2.177 : That ye gare close..thaym [the wodes]..so that for defavte of closure thai be not destroiede.
- (1440) Visit.Alnwick2.196 : The foundour of the saide bedehouse gafe a pece of grounde..to the saide bedefolk to make hem a gardyn ther of, whiche pece of grounde the saide bedefolk closed.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)145 : His tenandrye was alle downe..His nobyll perkes comowne..He closed his perkes agayne.
- (1456-7) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA 81.m.7 : The grounde whiche the brethren..nowe late haue closed in and occupied to their owne propre vse.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.178/34 : As ffrely as I John..hit with all the closid Inne euer mooste ffrely helde.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)182/20 : The sentence of thys chartur is þat..þey may close here assarte þat lyeth nyhe hys parke of woluerton.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)240/6 : Nother turne hit into tylthe, nother in no wise close hit.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)258/29 : Medis, close pastures, and open pastures.
- c1425 Wycl.Antichr.(2) (Dub 245)p.cxliii : Þei hunten out þe wilde deer..in here closed parkes.
4b.
Of the sea, mountains: to surround (a city, a country).
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)181b/a : [Astutia] is yclosede alle aboute with mounteyns.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)10/4 : Þere is an arm of the see, hellespont..And þat arm closeth the ij partes of the cytee.
5a.
To encircle (an adversary), hem in; besiege (a stronghold); ~ abouten (in, enviroun).
Associated quotations
- a1350 Flem.Insur.(Hrl 2253)22 : Hue nomen huere rouncyns out of þe stalle ant closeden þe toun.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11698 : Þo sei he..him mid al is route, As him vor to close in þe oþer half.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)7523 : When þongcastre was al closed..Of þo þat Hengyst sente his sonde Þer comen sexten schipe to londe.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)82a : Þat he mowe wiþ strengþe of peple clippe his enemyes oost wiþ-ynne his and close him as in his bosom.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)85a : It is more wisdom to ȝiue þin enemy space & wey to fle, ȝif he wil, þan to close hym yn wiþ strengþe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1509 : Þis kyng vmbe the Castell lay closit abute.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)129 : Þe angele dange þam downn, þat closede In þat Cite.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)2832 : The hornys as a sharp cressaunt to stonde..That vmbego ye may your aduersary And close hem enviroun.
- ?a1475 PParv.(Win)115 : Closyn streytly: Detrudo.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)195 : Thei hem renged..by thowsandes, and closed hym in on alle partyes.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)1533 : Closyd with lyons, holy Danyell.
5b.
(a) To confine (sb.), shut up (in a place); the closed, the prisoners; (b) fig. to confine (Christianity to buildings); the closed dai, light engulfed in darkness; ~ in argumentes, to embarrass (sb.) by arguments, refute.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 3.20 : Eroud..closide [WB(2): schitte] John in prisoun.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.57 : Hanibal was closede tweie dayes wiþ snow.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)10.5 : Sire Dowel dwelleþ..In A Castel..Cuynde haþ Closet þer-In Craftiliche..A loueli lemmon lyk him-self.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)279a/a : Houndes..schul be closed and y bounde in a derk place by day.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2856 : Swiche as wern eke in presoun cloos, With-oute raunsoun shal deliuered be.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Deut.32.36 : The Lord..shal se that feble be the hoond, and closid [WB(2): men closid; L clausi] forsothe han faylid.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)3 Kings 21.21 : I shal..slee..the closid [WB(2): prisoned] and the last in Irael.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4372 : Yon wal, which hym doth close.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)27/32 : The munke seyd, 'I wold þow wer closyd in an hows of ston, þat þer schuld no man speke wyth þe.'
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)51.19 : That so to the scholdres I-Closed was he, and faste bedolven.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)147/22 : Into þe wheche tonne he was put and closyd þeryn.
b
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.5.16 : Yif thanne the wynd..betith this nyght..and discovereth the closed day, thanne schyneth Phebus.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)32 : Hyt semeth better to vs þat ȝe close hure in ȝour argumentes and schame hure, and so bryng hure to way of reson.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)478 : Þe chirche shulde be..fre and large vndir þe cope of heuene and stonde in vertues of mannus soule; but anticrist wole close it nou in coolde stones þat moten perisshe.
6.
(a) To entomb or bury (sb.); (b) to enshrine (relics).
Associated quotations
a
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.35 : Þat þey bien at the derge of þe body..and ben withe the body til it be closid.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.52 : Crist was closid in stone.
- a1450(a1387) PPl.A(2) (RwlPoet 137)100 : Deth delt him a dent and drof him to þe erþe, And is closed vnder clom.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)409 : Man! thynke on þyn endynge day Whanne þou schalt be closyd vnder clay!
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4337 : He brought hym to berynes..closit hym faire With solempne sepulcre.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9616 : Priam..Couert hom [the dead] clanly, closet hom togedur.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)46/193 : When I am dede, and closed in clay.
b
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)53/18 : Þare was þe heued of sayne Iohn closed in a wall.
- c1450(?a1449) ?Lydg.Marriage (Dgb 181)110 : More then for relikkes or any seyntis bones, Though they be closed under precious stones.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)2989 : Þe bones of seynt Ywen þe confessour, Yclosud in a litulle shryne þat myȝt ben abouȝt bore.
7.
(a) To seclude (oneself); seek refuge, retire; holden (kepen) clos, remain in seclusion; clos nonnes, nuns who live in the seclusion of a convent; (b) to offer seclusion; (c) to commit (sb.) to seclusion.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.3197 : He..hield him in his chambre clos.
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)171 : I was so ferd with any man to fighte, Cloos kepte I me.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.1163 : Þat þei..kepe hem clos at home with-Inne her tent.
- a1425(c1384) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ezek.3.24 : Entre, and be thou closid in the mydil of thin hows.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Lev.13.33 : The man schal be schauun..and he schal be closid [WB(1): reclusyd] eft bi seuene othere daies.
- a1425 St.Anthony (Roy 17.C.7)119/34 : Antony..fer fro euere towne he closed hym in a cawe.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)189 : What cursed spirit..stiriþ prestis to close hem in stonys or wallis for al here lif?
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2206 : It contraries kniȝthede..To any wiȝt werriours in wallis þam to close; For he þat kid is & kene..Will feȝt fersely in fild.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)118 : At þis cherch dwelle cloos nunnes.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)106/18 : Make þe seke man to..kepe hem priuy and cloos.
- (?1464) Paston (Gairdner)4.119 : Holy brytheryn, that ben of that devowt and clos conversacion.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Conf.(Dub 245)330 : Bi þis priueye shrift a frere & nunne may synne to-gidre, and close hemsilf in a chaumbre bi lok in-sted of feyned assoylynge.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)462 : Crist was moost homely man in lif..þis pope wole be closid in a castel wiþ greet aray.
b
- c1440(?a1375) Abbey HG (Thrn)53/4 : It es callede cloyster for it closys..and warely sall be lokkede.
c
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.140 : In þe castel of corf ich shal do þe close Ther as an ancre.
8a.
(a) To put (sth.) into a container; ppl. contained, enclosed; (b) to put (sth.) into or under a cover, cover up; obscure (the sun); ~ with sheld; ppl. enclosed, encased; sheathed (in armor); wrapped (in skins); bound (in parchment); of a document: ~ in wax, folded and/or sealed; (c) to put (sth.) into a surrounding medium, shut in; (d) to put (sth.) into a setting; set (a jewel); frame (an object); (e) ppl. situated.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.141 : He wroot alle þe gestes of Troye sotelliche, as it myȝte be closed in a note schale.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2755 : For whan mi moder was with childe, And I lay in hire wombe clos [etc.].
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1070 : By how comly a kest he [Jesus] watz clos þere [in Mary's womb].
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)35b/a : Þay [apostemes] be closed ynne a bagge.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)293 : He was thanne closede in his moder wombe.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.3 : Þe bisshop was i-closed in wylde bestes skynnes.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.135 : Þis clips þat closeth now þe sonne.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)186 : A kyngez capados þat closes his swyre.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)578 : Queme quyssewes..coyntlych closed His thik þrawen þyȝez.
- (1404) Will York in Sur.Soc.4527 : Ye shall fynde a bille closed wyth ynne this of alle the trewe dettes that ben aught to me.
- (c1419) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1.p.xvi : We sende yow closed with ynne..a supplication of grevous compleynt.
- (1420) Will Durham in Sur.Soc.263 : Yis abouen written is my last wille. I shal close it and sett to ye seale of myn armes.
- (1425) Paston2.22 : Lettres, wherof I sende yow copies..closed with this bille.
- 1439 *Will of C'tess Warw., Prerog.Court.bk.Luffenam. [OD col.]lf.213 : My last will, by me examyned and closid.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)4212 : The king of kinges herd that scorn, He closed with his shelde beforn, He rode to Sir Lucas.
- a1450 As ofte (Tan 346)74 : Sondry trees ben closid vndyr barke.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)453 : Cameles closed in stele.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1378 : Alexander..Closid all in clere stele.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3034 : He..Couers him full clenly & closed [Dub: closys hym] in his gere.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)448 : Thei closyn hym in clooth and afterward in leed.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)367 : With shild & sword avised so, That thou be cloos, and prest thi foo to smyte.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4935 : My book of ynglych and latyn..wretyn in papir and closed with perchemyn.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)2982 : To kepe yt [a sword] cloos in the skauberk.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)9746 : Thow beryst thy clothys & they nat the..And yet thow art wyth-Inne hem cloos.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)54 : Make coffins and close in thy flesche.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)4.26 : To haue preuy parlement..And lete write writtis all in wex closid.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)3350 : Hym self anon he closed in his sheld.
c
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)663 : He bigan þe toun of baþe & þe hote baþes þer..He let closy fur in metal..Þat, as þe water comþ þer bi, þer of it cacþ hete.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)2817 : Þir four stedes men may helle calle, For þai er closed with-in þe erthe alle.
- (a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Archaeol.J.1 (Sln 73)154 : Close it in hoot hors-dunge so that now eyer com yn ne out.
d
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)629 : The scaubert wes gold..Therinne wes closed a nail gret That ede thurh godes fet.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)2 : Perle, plesaunte to prynces paye To clanly clos in golde so clere.
- (a1430) Invent.Randolf in Archaeol.61170 : j safre ewage closed in gold.
- (1447) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 11117 : ij Paxbredes, oon of latton..& closit yn tre.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)117 : In the handelyng thereof [the swerd] was closed on of thoo iiii nayles that were in Christis handis and feet.
- a1500 Stations Rome(1) (Lamb 306)888 : There is An Image..of oure ladye..Iclosed alle with syluer clere.
- c1500(a1449) Lydg.Aesop (Trin-C R.3.19)151 : A ieweller..Wolde, for þy vertues, close þe in golde.
e
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)268 : He consydret þat Calcos was closet in an yle.
8b.
Fig. uses: (a)to get possession of (sth.); ~ in hond; ~ in care, involve in trouble; (b) ppl. clos(ed in fiste, held in (one's) power; closed in herte, contained or lodged in (one's) heart; closed in frendshipe, included among (one's) friends; closed in clennesse, immersed in purity of spirit; closed in pride, engrossed in pride.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1310 : Anoþer drem dremede me ek..þat ich kom til engelond, Al closede it intil min hond.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)287 : A knyghte salle kenly closene þe crowne..at carelyone.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4283 : Englyssh folke..in care to close.
b
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)10.42 : Inwit and alle wittes ben closet þer-inne [in the body].
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)12 : If þay [priests] in clannes be clos, þay cleche gret mede; Bot if þay counterfete crafte [etc.].
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2834 : It voidith all her smerte The which is closed in her herte.
- (c1438) MKempe B (Add 61823)252/1 : Þow I had as many hertys & sowlys closyd in my sowle..as þer arn dropys of watyr.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)176 : Aftir þat we ben more or lasse worþi..to be closid in þese good mennys frendschip for benefetis whiche we han doon to hem.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)57.83 : The devel was Closed In his herte.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2912 : Þou carpis euyn as a kyng þat closid ware in pride.
- c1450 3 KCol.(2) (Add 31042)332 : O blisfull lorde..Powere and wytte is closide in thi fiste.
9.
(a) To contain (sth.); -- with in, within phr.; (b) to include (sth. in a treatise).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2655 : The Bible, in which the lawe is closed.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)6340 : Selcuth thing..wid-in Es closid in þa wandis thrin.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1298 : So god as Gawayn gaynly is halden, & cortaysye is closed so clene in hym-seluen [etc.].
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)48/30 : Hit closiþ contradiccioun & wiþsaiyng wiþ-ynne hit silf.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)61 : An infynyte beyng muste close and conteyne virtuali alle oþer beyng.
- c1450(a1400) Orolog.Sap.(Dc 114)366/35 : Telle me..how þat a litil pupille of the eye maye be siȝte close in hit alle þe grete circumferens þat hit seeith of þe firmamente.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.318 : Whom termes mowe not closen ne compresse.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)16/31 : Þat..enye of hem iij conteineþ, comprehendiþ, or closiþ withynne him..alle moral vertuose dedis.
b
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)40 : It is the Romance of the Rose, In which al the art of love I close.
10.
~ oute, to shut out, exclude (sth.); ~ from, to keep (an eventuality) from (sb.); clos from, shut off from (sth.), deprived of, free from.
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Lam.3.8 : He closede out [WB(2): excludid] myn orysoun.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1013 : Wyth clene cortays carp closed fro fylþe.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)80 : He was ded in a certeyn hous that was new waschid with lym and clos fro the eyir, strangillid with the hete.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)20326 : Thanne he were..Dysbarryd and from hys power clos.
- ?a1475 PParv.(Win)115 : Closyn Owt or schetyn owt: Excludo.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)50/11 : God .. woll close from you that ye shall nat be parteners of His grace.
11a.
Of persons: (a) holden clos, to hide (oneself); stay hidden; -- refl.; (b) clos, secretive; kepen clos, to stay under cover, operate secretly.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1331 : The kinges dowhter..hield hire clos under the bowh.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1534 : Hold the at thi triste cloos, and I Shal wel the deer unto thi bowe dryve.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)206/1679a : An hundrid men..helde hem þeren close.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.184 : Pelleus dide his peyne..falsely for to feyne..And kepte hym cloos..Lyche an addre vnder flouris fayre.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.8684 : To acheue þe fyn of her purpos, Þei felly wrouȝt, & kept hem silf ay clos.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5215 : He was clos and couert in his speche As a serpent.
11b.
To conceal (sth.); keep secret; hold in confidence; clos(ed, concealed; clos wordes, confidential words; kepen clos, keep (sth.) secret; hold in confidence.
Associated quotations
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)46/1280 : Ȝelde Acounte of þet hys þer-onder clos.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2336 : Preyen hym to whom ye han biwreyed youre conseil, that he wol kepen it cloos and stille.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2811 : The goodes..of thyn hous sholde nat been hid, ne kept so cloos but that they myghte been opned by pitee and debonairetee.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.684 : Whan that thei weren glade..Hire clos Envie tho sche spradde.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)512 : He [God] spekes wyth þat ilke [Noah] In comly comfort ful clos and cortays wordez.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)prol.7/4 : Þou closest þyn inwardnesse from us.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.225 : His malys..was conceled & closed in secrete.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1812 : Ȝif ouȝt be mysse, þei can it close and hide..Þat no defaute outward be espied.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1598 : For ther is noon so litil thyng So hid, ne closid with shittyng, That it ne is sene.
- a1500(?c1414) ?Brampton PPs.(1) (Sln 1853)p.8 : I kepe hem [sins] clos for schame or fere.
- ?a1425 Const.Masonry(1) (Roy 17.A.1)p.265 : Hys mayster conwsel he kepe and close..The preuetyse of the chamber telle he no mon.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)68/14 : I may not in noo wyse kepe my hertt ne counsell close frome you, so myche I loue and trustes you.
- (1456) Paston (Gairdner)3.77 : Wher in was crafti labour and cloos.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)957 : The hevynes of his hert, with chere he did it close.
- (?1468) Paston (Gairdner)4.294 : I pray you, kepe thys letter close to your sylf, as I trust you.
- a1605(c1422) Hoccl.Compl.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)32 : I thowght I nolde it kepe cloos no more, ne lett it in me for to olde.
11c.
(a) To restrain (oneself); holden clos, restrain (the tongue), be discreet; (b) ppl. restrained, discreet.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.769 : Mi Sone..hold thi tunge stille clos.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1017 : Iason..kepte hym cloos, with sobre contenaunce, And was nat hasty for Ire nor greuaunce.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1451 : He stynt a litel, and kepte hym clos a while, Til at þe laste he goodly gan to smyle.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.332 : Have al this thyng..in mynde, And kep the clos.
b
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6104 : Your court shal not so well be cloos, That they ne shall wite it atte last.
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.Diet.(Sln 3534)23 : Prudent in daliaunce, Cloos of tung, of word not deceyvable.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3939 : Eneas was..A clene man of counsell, with a cloise hert.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)2.319 : Your conseytes arn ful cloos.
- c1450 Lydg.SSecr.Ctn.(Sln 2464)2063 : Keep tounge in mewe, be cloos in werkyng.
- (?1468) Paston (Gairdner)4.294 : I undrestand hym close and just.
12.
(a) To conclude (a statement or description); end (a tune); (b) to come to an end, end.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)213b/b : To close þe preysynge þerof in schorte wordes, it helpiþ and socoureþ in alle feblenesse.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.4.39 : Thi wyf..is atempre of wyt..and, for I wol closen schortly hir bountes, sche is lyk to hir fadir.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)574/29 : Concludo: to close or to conclude.
- a1475 Asneth (Hnt EL 26.A.13)20 : As able ys þe asse to danielis dremys, As þe cukkou with crochetis ony countour to close.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Wisd.2.5 : Ther is not turning aȝeen of oure ende, for it is al closid [WB(2): aseelid].
- a1450 Treat.Music (Lnsd 763)263/16 : If þe plain-song descende, it is conuenient þe cou[n]ter to ascende & to close with þe plain-song in a vnisoun.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13664 : This Merion hade maistri but a meane qwile..after course of our kynd closit his dayes.
13.
To comprehend, grasp.
Associated quotations
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.334 : He closeth all with knowynge of presence; Of dyuerse tyme haþ he no difference.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)5.27.105b : And yitte more fool, if he wil close and comprehende him þat al hath wrought with inne the litel closet of his entendement.
14.
To coagulate.
Associated quotations
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)44/13 : Late it sethyn tyll þat it be thykke..and whanne it is closyd..þanne enclose it withinne a mannys fowndement.
15.
Phrases & cpds: clos bedde, a curtained bed; ~ brest, ?a woman's garment; ~ chaiere, ~ stol, an enclosed seat (with chamber pot); ~ hosen, a close-fitting garment resembling tights worn by men and boys, joined hose; ~ librarie, an archive; ~ table, some kind of table or bench; ~ werk [see quot.].
Associated quotations
- (1389) Doc.in Riley Mem.Lond.513 : [All the work in the said trade called] closwerk [shall be made of good, fine, and proper metal].
- (1392) Will York in Sur.Soc.4173 : j closebed.
- (1410) Doc.in Rogers Hist.Agric.3546 : 2 close stoles.
- (1425) *For.Acc.(PRO) 59 [OD col.] : vij par de closebrest.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)83 : Cloos lybrary: Archyvum.
- (1448) *Will Sud.Ipsw.PR 2f.106 : A clos tabel in maner of a trestel.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)320/1052 : Take..coles of grene asshene wodde & put hem wt in a close cheyre and lay the seid dried myntes vpon the coles, and so sytt apon the close cheyre and lat the fume passe vpward.
- (1459) Paston (Gairdner)3.177 : j close bedde of palle grene and whyte.
- (1463-4) RParl.5.505b : Nor that eny of the same Servauntez nor Laborers..use or were eny close Hoses.
- (c1475) Stonor1.153 : Delyvered for Richard: a payr close hosyn of russet karyssey, price, xvj d.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Mantic Alph.(2) (Ryl Lat 228)480 : Halde þe sawter in þi riȝt hande closed.
Note: Additional quot. for the sense 2.,'to close (a book).'
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.59vb (2.7) : Þe stomac..haþ 'epar' euen vnder him, in so mykel þat he is nyh closed in him os a pot ouer þe fire, and þat geueþ him hete fro beneþe.
Note: ?New phrase. Editor's gloss: nyh ~ in 'closely adjoining, abutting.'
Note: Quot. belongs to sense 2.(a).
Note: Gloss: "neigh closed in, of a bodily organ: closely adjoing (another organ), abutting."
- a1500 Agnus Castus (LdMisc 553)201/11 : If a man..anoynte þe wounde with þe water of þis herbe destilled, þat wounde schal closy with[inne] a short time.
Note: Quot. postdates sense 1.(c).
- a1500 Galawnt pride (RwlPoet 34)2 : Theyr hosyn of red, ful close þei be, With a whytte bulwerk abowtt þe kne.
Note: Quot. postdates sense 15.
Note: The list of variant spellings in the form section is incomplete and needs revision to accord with standards of later volumes of the MED.--all notes per MLL