Middle English Dictionary Entry
clei n.
Entry Info
Forms | clei n. Also cleigh, cla-. |
Etymology | OE clǣg |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Potter's clay; any argillaceous earth; clayey soil; pal as ~; drie as ~; walkeres ~, fuller's earth; ded ~, clay cured by baking, burnt clay; quik ~, raw, unburnt clay; werkes of ~ and of tile, the labor of brickmaking; (b) mineral pitch, bitumen; clay, or a compound containing clay, used as mortar or plaster; ~ daubed; (c) ~ gavel, a customary rent for the privilege of digging clay; ~ lond (feld), clayey soil; an area of clayey land; ~ man, a worker in clay; plasterer, dauber; ~ pit, a clay pit; ?a clay deposit; ~ ston, ?brick; med. a calculus or internal concretion; (d) in names.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Inf.Chr.(LdMisc 108)367 : Of þe cleiȝ þat he fond He schop twelf fliene.
- ?a1350 Recipe Painting(1) in Archaeol.J.1 (Hrl 2253)66 : Tac fin cley ant good, ant dute al the vessel.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)483 : Hilde with tile or with schyngle..Made of claye [F tey] or of hooke.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)81 : For angre..he wax so pal so clay.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.1.14 : To bytternes þey brouȝten here lyf: with hard werkis of cley & of tijl [L operibus duris luti et lateris] & with all seruage þurȝ þe which þey wern þrist down in warkis of erþ.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.17 : White cley [L argilla] and reed forto make of crokkes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)206a/b : As it were walkers cley.
- (1417) J.Dernell in Nrf.Archaeol.15125 : A lode Cley, price iiij d.
- ?a1425 Alphita (Sln 284)186 : Tisterile, i. chimolea, quedam terra: cley.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)632 : Sche [Medea] coude..make trees drye as clay.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.61 : The swerd [L gloss.: glebam]..Al chalk..Withouten moold admyxt..Nor hungry cley [L gloss.: ieiuna glarea].
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)19 : Ye schall angle euery place wher it is..clere by þe grounde, as grauel or clay with owten mudde.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15159 : For cley & sond..xiij d.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)2792-5 : Of vesselles, some be made..of clay, bothe quicke and deade. Deed cley is called suche a thinge as hathe suffered great roistynge. Suche medled in pouder with good Rawe cley, will fire abide and not goo awaye.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.812 : Cley maad with hors or mannes heer and oyle.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)346 : Hatz þou closed þy kyst wyth clay alle aboute?
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)492 : Þen watz þer..much cumfort in þat cofer þat watz clay-daubed.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.11.3 : Thei hadden tiles for stoons, and towȝ cley [WB(2): pitche, vr. picche ether strong glu; L bitumen] for syment.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ex.2.3 : He tok a ionket of resshen, and glewide it withe glewishe cley [WB(2): tar, vr. coode; L bitumine], and with picche.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)10a/a : Bitumentar: cley or glew.
c
- (c1241) Cart.Oseney in OHS 97507 : Dimidia acra que fuit Artoch apud Cleyputh.
- (c1265) Deed Norris in LCRS 9368 : [Half a strip on] le cleifeld.
- (c1300) Deed Norris in LCRS 9369 : [A half land on] le Cleylondes.
- a1500(1314-17) Cart.Boarstall in OHS 88226 : De iiii s. vi d. de quadam consuetudine vocata Claygavell.
- (1330) Doc.Bridg.Corp.in Som.RS 5728 : [Eleven acres and a half lying in the] cleyputtes.
- (1368) Let.Bk.Lond.G (Gldh LetBk G)235 : Thomas Clayman.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 370)2 Par.4.17 : The kyng ȝeetide hem, in the cley [vr. cleiy; WB(2): cleiy, vr. cley; L argillosa] lond bitween Socoth and Saradatha.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)252a/a : Þe tre þat bereþ thus..loueþ cley londe [L terram argillosam].
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)5524 : Salle þai bere baþ clay stane and morter.
- (1411) Fabric R.Norwich in Nrf.Archaeol.15183 : [It. paid to 2] cleymen [for making 2 floors] behynden [the] dees.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)109b/b : Chese cocte with Iuse..draweþ out gipseos i. claye stonez [*Ch.(2): knottes or stones þat ben made of towe humours; L lapides gipseos].
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)114 : Dawber, or cleymann: Argillarius, bituminarius, linitor.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.776 : Yet is the chalk or cley lond [vr. claylonde] forto eschewe.
- a1450 Forest Laws (Dc 335)241 : If there be ony man that hath made ony myne with in the forest of marleput, cleyput, or turff deluyd or digged after yre ore.
- a1500(1452) Cart.Boarstall in OHS 88196 : Infra forestam predictam..cleygavell.
- (c1468) Deed Norris in LCRS 9349 : On le clayfylde [two hallands].
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)25a : A Clay pitt [vr. Clapitte]: Argillarium.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)48 : All soyche clay londis & stony londis as ye purpose to sowe withe lynten seede.
- a1500 Rwl.C.506 Artist.Recipes (Rwl C.506) 173/23 : To make whyte cheverell rede. Recipe aquam fon[talem aliquo] de vno clepputt, .j. quarte for .vj. pellibus [etc.].
- a1500 Rwl.C.506 Artist.Recipes (Rwl C.506) 174/10 : To make rede lasche, take .ij. lagen of watyr of a cley put, and put þeryn .vj. stonys of quyclyme, [etc.].
- ?a1525 Dc.54 Artist.Recipes (Dc 54) 264/17 : To make wyth cheuerel red. Recipe aquam fontalem aliquo de vne cley pyt .j. quartam pro .vj. pellibus [etc.].
d
- (1198) Feet Fines in Archaeol.Cant.1260 : Rogerum de la Claigate.
- c1240(1234) EPNSoc.4 (Wor.)110 : Cleines, Cleynes.
- (1274) EPNSoc.18 (Mid.)73 : [William] atte Cleye.
- (1275) EPNSoc.4 (Wor.)71 : Cleybroke.
- (1279) Assize R.Nhb.in Sur.Soc.88302 : Joh. Cley.
- (1279) Hundred R.Tower 2726 : Willielmus le Cleystrete.
- (1281) Hundred R.Tower 2647 : Alicia in le Clay.
- (1283) EPNSoc.4 (Wor.)110 : Claynes.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 386 : Henricus atte Cleygh.
- (1439) in Ekwall PNLan.36 : Clayton.
2.
(a) Mud, mire, dirt, soil, earth, ground; (b) something worthless; (c) fig. uses: creature of ~, mortal man; from under ~, from the grave; clingen (crepen) in ~, be buried, closed under ~, leide (loken) in ~, buried, dead; (d) ~ clot, a lump of dirt; fig. a corpse; ~ hous, mortal life; ~ molde, dirt; claies ground, the grave.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)2 Pet.2.22 : A sowe waschun in the walewinge or slowe of cley or fen [L volutabro luti].
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)306/40 : He..maade hem worche in cleiȝ and fen..fforte stoppe alle þe Corneres Bi twene þe valeys and þe hulles.
- c1390 Psalt.Mariae(1) (Vrn)34 : Buggyng us aȝeyn Out of Egyptes cley [L luto].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)402 : Al gangand best..And adam bath he wroght on clai.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1080 : Þe clai ai vp þat bodi kest.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)13b/a : Cenum: derke or cley.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)20988 : Þai..bihelde Þar kyng how he to clai was felde.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)2490 : Owte at þe dore forth-rith in the cley, They threw þe water.
- c1460 Dub.Abraham (Dub 432)123 : Wayte on hym, þat he be not defilde With neiþer cley nor fen.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)107/19 : Thy feete beþ defouled with the cleye of lecherie.
b
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)38/3 : Richesse acounte we as cley.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)41b : What soever erthlye precious is,To them compared is but as clay.
c
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)492 : Hir pines were so hard..Sche wald be loken in clay.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)409 : Þyn endynge day Whanne þou schalt be closyd vnder clay!
- a1450 Spaldyng Katereyn þe curteys (BodR 22)p.545 : Kepe hem here, Katereyn..& kache hem fro kares, qwen þei krepen in klay.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)1308 : Þat I shuld seye sothe and sette no dreede Of no creature of clay.
- c1450 As y gan wandre (Lamb 853)67 : In coold clay now schal y clinge.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)14/448 : He is gon ffrom vndyr clay..he lyth not in his grave.
- a1500 Merch.& S.(Cmb Ff.2.38)86 : Then was he dedd and leyde in clay.
d
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)2/37 : Þonne liþ þe cleiclot colde on þen flore.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.33/19 : The cley howse of thys worlde he forsoke.
- a1500 Ipotis (Ashm 750)19/395 : Þe body rotyn in clayes gronde.
- a1500 St.Aug.Contemptu Mundi (Hrl 1706)374 : Þou arte a man..made of cley-molde.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.1.14 : To bytternes þey brouȝten here lyf: with hard werkis of cley & of tijl [L operibus duris luti et lateris] & with all seruage þurȝ þe which þey wern þrist down in warkis of erþ.
Note: Antedates sense 2.(a).
Note: In phrase: werkes of ~ and of tile, the labor of brickmaking.
Note: [L Ad amaritudinem perducabant vitam eorum operibus duris luti et lateris omnique famulatu quo in terrae operibus premebantur.]