Middle English Dictionary Entry
afōre- pref.
Entry Info
Forms | afōre- pref. Also afor-, avore-. |
Etymology | From adv. This prefix is common in ppls. and in action and agent nouns, many of which are modeled on L words with pref. ante- or prae-. In some of the quotations, afore may be an adverb rather than a prefix. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. fore- pref.
1.
Ahead (in space); ~ rider, one who rides ahead of the main body of an army, ?a scout, ?one of the vanguard.
Associated quotations
- a1525(1470) Rebell.Lin.(ArmsV 435)16 : Their aforeryders were com to Rotherham.
- a1605(c1471) Arriv.Edw.IV in Camd.1 (Hrl 543)18 : [They] had founden the afore-riders of th'Erles of Warwikes hooste..and chaced them out of the towne.
2.
Earlier (in time), preceding, previous; before, previously; beforehand, first, at first: (a) in nouns: ~ auncestres, forefathers; ~ choice, a choice made beforehand; ~ crier, one who announces things to come; ~ sight, foresight; also divine foreknowledge or prescience; ~ thought, forethought, premeditation; (b) in gerunds: ~ having, possessing beforehand; ~ knowing, foreknowledge, prescience; ~ raiing, an arrangement made beforehand; ~ saiing, foretelling; ~ taking, getting prematurely; (c) in verbs: ~ barren, to preclude, prevent; ~ fallen, to fall at first; ~ slen, to kill previously; (d) in ppls.: ~ coming, preceding; ~ conceived, previously formed in the mind; ~ don, previously done; ~ going, preceding; ~ gon, gone before; ~ keping, preventative; ~ sette, established earlier; ~ shewed, shown before, foretold; malice ~ thought, premeditated malice.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)10819 : Euery man shulde haue a-fore þoȝt, How and whan hys synne was wroȝt.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)9 : Þe afore crier to þis book and to his purtenauncis.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)215 : For strengþe and loue which þou haddist in þyn afore siȝt to þe same holy lijf and passioun and preier to come.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)269 : If a man wauntounly wole were and spende out..his bodili helþe, strengþe, or lijf wiþout afore siȝt and afore choice..certis he þeryn dooþ vnwijsly.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)7/34 : Þe book which y write in englisch callid 'þe afore crier'.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)330/29 : Þe fore-seide herborowinge þat his a-fore aunceturs wer wonid to finde.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.919 : Iff in thy defence a man þou slee And not for vengeaunce and aforethought, The lawe woll excused that þou be.
b
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)44a/b : I shal telle it [of þe grete pestilence]..for preuisioun or aforesaying, if it falle eftesonez.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)153a/a : It is cause of feblenez of vertue..and of anticipacioun i. afore taking of age or oldenes.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)11 : Wiþoute þe afore hauyng..of þis book..þer may no man wijsely and surely..ȝeue hym into contemplacioun.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)37 : Bi manye folde afore raiyngis.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)215 : Þi so greet plesaunce had at þat tyme in þe..afore knowyng of þe same, þi sones holy lijf and passioun.
c
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)6716 : In on þrawe Fiftene þousand þer were yslawe, & er weren..Afor yslawe þritten þousinde.
- c1350 Ayenb.App.(Arun 57)271 : Ech may y-zy þet naȝt þe heuynesse of ulesses wylle beuore ygreued auore ualþ ere hit by arered.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)502 : Which lettith and afore barrith..the comaundement of God in his lawe of kinde to be doon.
d
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)153a/a : It bihoueþ forsoþ for to euoide euery þingez replete..wheþer it be of þe partie sanatyue or precustodiatif i. afore kepyng.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.1717 : God for ther trespacis, as it was weel seyn Afforshewed be trewe prophesie, Sente thre yeer nouther deuh nor reyn.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)2 : Worching may not be had wiþoute loue afore goyng.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)7 : Þe iiije principal necessarie to oure good living..is special helpe of god, y-callid grace afore comyng.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)222 : For oure afore doon synnys.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)395 : Bi loue afore conceyued.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)120/3 : Euery moral vertuose deede muste needis be doon with a sufficient þerto avisement had vpon him silf, or vpon his antecedent or afore goyng and causing deede.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.38a : Robert Farnell..of malice afore thought..lay in awayte to slee and murther the said Richard Williamson.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)83/29 : By þe tokenynges afore-goone, a man mowe knowe to what ende þay shal come.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)108/37 : Þis ys þe ordre necessary afore-sette & seyd.
3.
At an earlier point in a book, document, etc.; above; preceding: (a) in nouns: ~ thing, something mentioned above; (b) in gerunds: ~ speking, a preface; ~ writing, something written above; (c) in ppls: ~ departed (divided), marked off or distinguished above; ~ except, excepted or exempted by provisions already set forth; ~ named, named above; ~ minded, ~ noted, noted above; ~ put, stated or mentioned above; ~ rehersed, listed or described above; ~ shewed, previously shown or stated; ~ specified, enumerated above.
Associated quotations
a
- c1460 Oseney Reg.98/18 : We, of þe aforethynges assinyng [L predictorum assignationem] to þe afore-saide chanons of vs i-maade, In writyng haue i-maade hit.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.113/18 : Þat all þese aforethynges sure and vnbroke Abide.
b
- c1460 Oseney Reg.205/21 : The which playnly the foresayde Syr Raynolde exceptid froo the afore writyng.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)43/1 : Of aforspekynge of louynge of Aristotel.
c
- (1435) RParl.4.487b : The seide XVme and Xme, except afore except, to be arerud and paied in the maner and forme accustumed.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)198 : As is in þe next trouþe afore schewid.
- (c1450) Let.Coldingham in Sur.Soc.12165 : By the date of the endentours aforeherside, he was dewly paide.
- (1455) Lin.DDoc.74/32 : I wol that my feoffes..in the shire of Oxford, except afore except..paie xx li. yerly.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.152/9 : Þat the saide Abbot and oþer lordis aforenamyd haue commune pasture In þe forsaide places.
- (1461) Invent.Monk-Wear.in Sur.Soc.29app.246 : I command..yat ye priour..apper sufficiently ye day and place obove touched and befor ye auditor affor rehersid.
- (1461) RParl.5.479a : Transgressions and offences aforespecified.
- (1461) RParl.5.487b : Neyther noo man were any such signe..of any Lorde..except of such as been afore except.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)193/26 : The parties aforenamed..have sette to theire seales.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)273/9 : With all the..yerely rent afore-noted.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)368/6 : Tho thynges that were to be attended in the aforeput thyngis.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)404/13,16 : Petir and his heires warantiȝed..the forsaid ij seldes..as hit is afore departed..That thise afore-writen and afore-diuided thynges shold abide sure.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)649/26,32 : They shul make to the mynchons afore-myndyd an othe..To the Mynchons a-fore-rehersyd.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: See note under forn- pref.