Middle English Dictionary Entry
brọ̄k n.(3)
Entry Info
Forms | brọ̄k n.(3) Also brocke, brouk(e, broyc, bruk(e. Pl. brọ̄kes, brọ̄ken. |
Etymology | OE brōc stream. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A stream; esp., a small stream, a brook; (b) brokes brim (heved, mouth), the bank (source, mouth) of a stream; (c) fig. a stream of blood; the fires of hell; (d) current of the sea.
Associated quotations
a
- (?a1160) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.4138 : Scilicet, a Wlnes strate usque ad broc.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10832 : Gallus i þan broke at grunde was bi-buried.
- (c1265) Deed Norris in LCRS 9367 : [A little piece..stretching from] Le Broyc [to the street].
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)69/61 : Huy comen to an vrninde brok, þere huy mosten ouer wade.
- a1350 Ich herdemen (Hrl 2253)70 : Ruls ys oure ruȝe..for wickede wederes by brok & by brynke.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2582 : So we finde in our boke, Merlin þo went to a broke.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)73.16 : Þou brake þe welles and þe brokes [L torrentes].
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1693 : He rideth..over a brook, and so forth on his weye.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.130 : Ȝe schulle..of þe Brok drynke.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)6392 : He smat wid his forsaid wand, And vte as a brok [Vsp: burn] it brast þe strand.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)26 : He comethe and ȝeeldeth hym to some smalle brook.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)20554 : To þe side of þe stagne he lokes, Þat resaiued so fele grete brokes.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)53 : Broke, watyr: Rivulus, torrens.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)1513 : Thou mays baathe on a brooke to þe breggurdelle.
- a1475 As I cam by (Brog 2.1)22 : When yche bruke ys a hy rewere, Hyt stynttyt a-gayne as hit stode.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)554/27 : And ij rodes bitwene wewes that strecchen into broken.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)338 : A litill brooke..com rennynge of two welle sprynges.
b
- (1251) Chart.R.PRO1.359 : Luke de Brockesheved.
- (1254) Close R.Hen.III161 : Rogerus de Brokesheved.
- (1324) Court R.Lan.in LCRS 4113 : [Margery, wife of Richard] dil Brokismouth.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1074 : Þat worþly lyȝt..schynez vpon þe brokez brym.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30411 : Urnen þa brockes of reden blodes.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)70b : He bledde, o fif half, brokes of ful brade wunden.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)187 : Hwet deþ þenne þi blod isched on þe rode? hwet deþ þenne þe large broc of þi softe side?
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)36/39 : He xal gon to helle ful deppe; than xal he nevyr after creppe out of þat brennyng brook.
d
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)145 : When þe breth & þe brok & þe bote metten, Hit watz a ioyles gyn þat Jonas watz inne.
2.
In cpds. and combs. (including names): ~ bank, bank of a brook; ~ levis, ?the European brooklime, ?leaves of this plant; ~ lond, meadow or marsh land; ~ man, one who lives near a brook; ?also = ~ ward; ~ mint, water mint (Mentha aquatica); ?also, horse mint (M. sylvestris); ~ moderwort, the European brooklime; ~ side, the ground along a brook; ~ ward, one who is in charge of the meadows or marsh land along a small stream.
Associated quotations
- ?c1125(?OE) Dur-C.Gloss.(Dur-C Hunter 100:Cockayne)305 : Sisimbrius: Broc minte.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)103.68/1 : Nim þara wurte wos, þat man mentastrum & engle brocminte nemneð.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)127.118/1 : Nim þisse wyrte wos, þat man sisimbrium & engle brocminte hateð.
- c1225 Wor.Bod.Gloss.(Hat 76)21 : Sisimbrium: brocmynte, brocminten.
- (1216) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms104 : Joh. le Brocward.
- (1257) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames24 : Thom. del Broklondon.
- (1274) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms104 : Ralph le Brokward.
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10103 : Stephanus Brokman.
- a1300 Hrl.978 Vocab.(Hrl 978)556/21 : Silimbrium, i. balsamitis, i. brocminten.
- (1301) Pat.R.Edw.I620 : John le Brokeward.
- (1319) in Fransson Surn.204 : Thom. Brokman.
- (1327) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames24 : Ric. atte Broclonde.
- (1332) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms104 : Juliana le Brokward.
- (1333) Sub.R.Wor.in Wor.HS (1899)24 : Willelmus Brokeman.
- (1336) in Löfvenberg Contrib.Lex.78 : [30 acres of] brokland.
- a1400 Alphita (SeldArch B.35)61 : Faba est herba que dicitur faberia inuersa, uel fabaria aquatica angl. Brolemoderwort [Sln: Brokmoderwrt] uel lempke.
- (1408) in Löfvenberg Contrib.Lex.78 : [60 acres of land in Upmynstre called] Brokelonde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5084 : Þe yis gan stoundemele distille..With fomy stremys of þe wawes smale, By broke bankis as þei dide avale.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)8b : Brokleuys is an erbe þat þe levis beþe like well to mynte..þis herbe growith in smale brokys.
- c1450(c1400) ?Clanvowe Cuckoo & N.(Frf 16)60 : I..helde my way don on a broke syde.
- (1461-2) Acc.St.Michael Bath in SANHS 2558 : Et solutis brokeman de Costen pro thachynge, ij s., viij d.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)52/19 : Gedre..morel, boþe more and lasse, brok-leuys.
3.
(a) As an element in place names [see Smith PNElem. 51-2]; (b) as an element in personal names.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1150) EPNSoc.4 (Wor.)192 : Brocton Inardi.
- (1167) EPNSoc.3 (Bedf.& Hnt.)39 : Sharnebroc.
- (1199) EPNSoc.2 (Bck.)135 : Fulebroc.
- (1203) CRR(2) 2169 : Reginaldus de Brokedis.
- (1240) in Wallenberg PNKent290 : Brokedale.
- (1275) EPNSoc.4 (Wor.)33 : Brokhampton.
- (1305) EPNSoc.2 (Bck.)135 : Folbroc.
- (1323) in Wallenberg PNKent290 : Brokedele.
- (1332) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames131 : Adam atte Merbrock.
- (1346) Feudal Aids 591 : Reginald de Brokedysch.
- (1363) EPNSoc.3 (Bedf.& Hnt.)82 : Milbrouke.
- (1428) EPNSoc.3 (Bedf.& Hnt.)82 : Milbrooke.
- (1436) EPNSoc.19 (Cmb.)75 : Le Brookstrate.
- (1485) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)411 : Bradebroke.
b
- (1130) Pipe R.Hen.I51 : Henricus del Broc.
- (1208) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames23 : Will de la Broke.
- (1276) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames23 : Will. a Boventhebroc. Thom. de la Brocke.
- (1286) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames23 : Rob. de la Brockes.
- (1288) Court R.Ramsey187 : Johannes in le Brok.
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 1071 : Reginaldus atte Brok.
- (1305) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames23 : Jul. Bouethebrok.
- (1327) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames23 : Will. ate Brouke. Thom. Bithebroke.
- (1359) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames23 : Walt. atte Broke.