Middle English Dictionary Entry
braun n.
Entry Info
Forms | braun n. Also brahun, braon, brawun, brawen, broun, broin, bran. |
Etymology | OF bräon, bräoun flesh, meat. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The muscular part (of a limb); muscular tissue; a muscle; specif., voluntary striated muscle; ~ flesh; (b) muscle as one of the component parts of the body; ~ and bones.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Arun 220)p.148 : En la jambe est la sure [glossed:] le brahun.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Job 22.9 : The brawnes [L lacertos] of moderles childer thou tobrosidist.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2135 : His lymes grete, his brawnes harde and stronge.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3131 : Thow art..a gouernour, wily and wys And ther with al of brawnes and of bones A wel farynge persone.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)61b/a : Þe þihes..beriþ þe grete brawnes & synewys.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)65a/a : Þer is þre maner of fleische: sum is medled wiþ musculus, synewis, & strengis and hatte brawne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)97b/a : The brawnes of þe þrote.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)265a/b : [The boar] haþ an hard schield brood and þikke in þe right syde..and vseþ that brawne in stede of a schielde.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)28/9 : Þe þridde maner fleisch is a fleisch þat is in brawnys, þat is clepid a brawn [Add: brawny] fleisch.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)29/3,5 : Brawnes þouȝ þat þei be maad of mater medlid, neþeles þei ben rekened among membris consimiles..Brawn is maad of fleisch, senewe, and ligamentis, & þei ben instrument voluntarie meuynge.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)161/27 : Þe herte is maad of hard fleisch & of lacertes..summen seiden þat it is al braun; but it is not so, for þe braun of a man meueþ whanne he wole & restiþ, & þe herte is alwei meuynge & not reste.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)11a/b : Alway the muscle or brawne is to fore þe ioynte and þe membre þat he moueþ.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)22a/b : Þe grete brawnes..þe whiche ben aboue þe þyghes, mouynge þe kne & þe legge.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)98b/a : Þe brawnes of þe foundement.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)121 : Bynde him aboue þe brawon of þe arme wyþ a good lyste.
- c1450 Metham Palm.(Gar 141)88/10 : The braune or the hyl off the thombe.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)222/16 : Tokenys..whych tokenyth Streynth..grete braons and massy.
b
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.546 : Ful big he was of brawn and eek of bones.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)283a/a : In gentil hors and noble..þe body ful sad and ful of brawne.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1611,1631 : He britnez out þe brawen in bryȝt brode cheldez, And hatz out þe hastlettez..halchez al hole þe haluez togeder, And syþen on a stif stange stoutly hem henges..suche a brawne of a best..Ne such sydes of a swyn segh he neuer are.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4815 : On eche part he [Hector] was so vertuous..Of brawn & bonys compact be mesure.
- a1456(a1426) Lydg.Mum.Hertford (Trin-C R.3.20)18 : Yong folkes, of þeyre lymes sklendre..and of brawne but tendre.
- ?c1450 *Horse(1) (Dc 291)136a : The hors of gode entaile schall have..large breest with brawne hangeynge, grete brawne bynethe the schuldres..the hyppys wele trussyd with large brawne.
2.
(a) Flesh as food (raw or cooked), meat; breast meat (of a fowl); wild ~, ?venison, ?boar's meat; ~ rial, a meat dish; (b) a fish dish (served in Lent).
Associated quotations
a
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)100 : Tak braun of caponys other of hennys and the thyes.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1750 : Yif vs of youre brawn, if ye haue any..Bacon or beef, or swich thyng as ye fynde.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1254 : Ianus..drynketh..the wyn; Biforn hym stant brawen of the tusked swyn.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.24 : Take the brawn of Swyne.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.63 : He eet..wylde braune & egges yfryed with grece.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)437 : Take out the braune and kepe hit, and bray the other dele, bones and all.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)466 : Take fresshe braune of a bore sothen.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)48 : Brawne of a bore: Aprina.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)188 : Bowes of wylde bores, with þe braune lechyde.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)1599 : New vetailles þe bretons broghte þan..Of brede, brawne & wyne.
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)71 : Brawne in confite. Take fresshe brawne and sethe it ynowe..And then take the ribbes of þe boor..Browne in egurdouce..take faire fresshe brawne and seth hit.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.26 : Bray þo brawne of aȝt capon.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)98 : To mak braun rialle.
- a1485 *Hrl.1735 Cook.Recipes (Hrl 1735)115 (f.17v) : Tak broyn of caponis or of hennys good plente & tose it smal.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)107/212 : Lay furth of oure store, lo, here! browne of a bore.
- a1500 PFulham (Jas 43)173 : Brawne bakyn or powdered beef.
- a1500 PParv.(Add 37789)48 : Brawne of a checun: Pulpa.
b
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)38 : To mak braun ryall in Lent, tak sownds of stok fishe dry..put to eles for to amend the brose.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)39 : Tak braun that is mad in lent.
3.
The carcass of a hog (or wild boar), pork; a side of pork, ?a flitch of bacon; scutum de ~; demidium de ~, a quarter of pork; shulder ~, a shoulder or fore-quarter of pork.
Associated quotations
- (1290) R.Swinfield in Camd.5941 : In di[midio] brawen, v s.
- (1326) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9915 : In 39 porcell et Braune.
- (1333-4) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9924 : Uno scuto de Braun, xj s.
- (1337) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9932 : In 2 scutis de Braune pro festo empt.
- (1348) Invent.Jarrow in Sur.Soc.2934 : De braun j scutum et dimidium.
- (1393) Acc.Exped.Der.in Camd.n.s.52169/28 : Pro ij schuldrez brawn.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.91 : Neither bacoun ne braune.
- (a1425) Stonor1.40 : For a vele..For a brawne iij s. iiij d.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)40/1 : A good oynemente..Take..fleþ of þe bran and of schepys-talow.
- a1525(?1452) Cov.Leet Bk.271 : Yf eny Bochour here-aftur scalde eny porke or Braune in eny other place then at the comien scaldyng-house, he to lese at euery defalt xx s.
4.
Associated quotations
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1095 : Bullenekkyde was þat bierne..Brok-brestede as a brawne with brustils full large.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)2498 : So they dud hys meyne..Wyth swannes and wyth herons, Wyth hertys and wyth brawnes.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. brawn.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. brawn flesh.