Middle English Dictionary Entry
wratthen v.
Entry Info
| Forms | wratthen v. Also wratth(e, wraththe(n, wraththi, wrath(e(n, wretth(e, wretthi(n, wreththe, wreththi & (early) wraðhin, wræðþiæn, (SW or SWM) wreððen, wreaððin & (?errors) wrathte, wredden; sg.3 wrattheth, etc. & (early SW) wreððet; pl. wraththen, etc. & (early) wreððet; p. wratthed(e, etc. & wrathet, wrathut, wretht, (early) wraðde & (errors) wrædden, waryþede, werðede; sg.2 wraththedest, etc. & wrathdest; ppl. wratthed, etc. & wratht, wraithed, wretthud. |
| Etymology | From wratthe n.; for forms wrath(e)-, wraith- ?also cp. OE wrāþian. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. awraþþen v., iwratthen v., wrethen v.(1), wrothen v.
1.
(a) To be or become angry, rage; also in fig. context [quot. a1500(a1400)]; of God: be or become righteously wrathful; of a person, God, etc.: be angry (with sb. or sth.); fig. of the sea: rage, storm [quot. c1300, 1st];
(b) of wrath (usu. divine): to be kindled; be kindled (against sb. or sth.), rage;
(c) to quarrel; quarrel (with sb.);
(d) to be angry with (sb.);
(e) refl. to be or become angry or righteously wrathful; also used of nature [quot. c1450 Pilgr.LM]; be angry (with sb. or sth.);
(f) impers. him (you) wrattheth, he becomes (you become) angry.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)88/3 : Wræþdæ is þare sawlæ ȝeiȝefan for þi þæt heo sceal ursien & wræðþiæn aȝean sunnæn.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)13/134 : Hire feader feng on to wreaððin swiðe ferliche.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)41/345 : Þe king bigon to wreððen þet te dei eode awei & heo ne duden nawiht.
- c1225 St.Juliana (Roy 17.A.27)8/53 : Wraðði so þu wraðði; no lengre nulich hit heolen þe.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)5990 : Þe see was wonderlichche wod, and þe see wraþþede.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)13028 : Arthur þo wreþþede wonderliche swiþe.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1231 : King charles waryþede [?read: wraþþede] anon riȝt Þat clarel tolde of him so liȝt.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)2.12 : Take disciplin, þat our Lord wraþ noȝt.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)79.5 : Þer-whiles þou wraþþest vp þe prayer of þy seruaunt.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 11.9 : Þe lord wrathede to Salamon for þi þat his mynde was turned a-wei fro þe lord god of israel.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Lam.5.22 : Lord…thou wrathedist aȝen vs hugely.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 4.25 : Whi hethene men wraththiden [L fremuerunt], or beten with teeth to gidere?
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)9.128 : Caymes kynde & his kynde coupled togideres, Tyl god wratthed for her werkis.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.229 : Why þow wratthest now, wonder me þynkeþ.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)35b/a : Irascor: to wraþ [Pep: wrathte].
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)77/22 : The prince…suffered suche felthe to be done, and God wratthed therwith.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)30 : Þerfor non of þe bischopis…wraþ, if prestis ouerwile exort or monest þe peple.
- a1500(a1400) Wycl.FHC (NC 95)354 : Charite wrathiþ not al if it suffre wronge.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)3 : Whan the gode man herde this, he gan to wratthe.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.6.15 : Ȝe sholyn not goon after alien goddys…lest eny tyme þe woodnes of þe lord þy god wraþþe aȝeyns þe.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 11.6 : Þe woodnesse of hym wrathede wol myche.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.73.1 : Þi woodnesse wraþede vp on þe sheep of þi lesewe.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.123.3 : But for þe lord was in vs, Whan men shulden arijsen out aȝen vs, par auenture a-lijue þei hadden swolewid vs, Whan shulde wrathen þe woodnesse of hem in to vs.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.5.25 : Þerfore wrathede þe wodnesse of þe lord in his puple.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 14.6 : Of þi hand, womman, weren two sones þe whiche wratheden [L rixati sunt] aȝenst hemselue in þe feeld.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)36a/a : Iurgo: to wraþþe or striuen.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)3907 : Þese two þrapten faste And wolde haue wraþþed atte laste.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)20/28 : Ther was a gentill knightes doughter that wratthed atte the tables with a gentill man that was riotous…and the debate was on a point that he plaied, that she saide it was wronge, and so the wordes and the debate rose.
d
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)288 : Ȝut bad me Michel…Worschipen þe, or elles god Wolde wrathen me.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.174 : N’y nyl forbere, if that ye don amys, To wratthe yow.
e
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)15836 : He wraþþeþþ himm wiþþ menn, Ȝiff þatt he depe sinness.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)125/30 : Nemeð discipline of alle ðe misdades ðe ȝe deð, þe las te godd him wraðþi, and ȝie forfaren of ða rihte weiȝe!
- c1225 St.Juliana (Roy 17.A.27)8/58 : Þa þe reue iherde þis, he wreððede him swiðe.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)160/2 : Þe pilegrim…wreððet [Cai: wreddeð] him uor wowes & monie þinges muwen letten him of his iurneie.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4596 : Þe kæisere hine wrædden [Otho: iwarþ wroþ].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10151 : Arður…wraðde hine sulfne wunderliche swiðe.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)14873 : He…mende to þan kinge…[þ]e king hine wreaþþede.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)281/117 : Ore louerd him wrathþede swiþe.
- a1325 SLeg.Becket (Corp-C 145)641/971 : Wraþþi he wolde him anon & awreke him in þe place.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.98 : Þe dragoun wraþþed hym vnto þe womman ward.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3771 : Wraþþe þe with mannys vyleynye, But with nat his gode and hys body.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)23/13 : Melechmahser…on a day pleyed at the chess, & his swerd lay besyde him; & so befell, þat on wratthed him, & with his owne propre swerd he was slayn.
- a1450 SLeg.Suppl.Bod.(Bod 779)371/109 : Þou ne chalt for me þe wreþþy nouȝte.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)4125 : Hurre brother wratthede hym þo at þe last & askede Gerleyn why he dude holde hurre so.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)306/8 : When an irus man oft tymes hym wrathes, his hert swelles a-non for tene.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)153 : Nature wolde wretthe hire if man or womman drowe to hem with the tunge yren or bras and do ther with as with an hand.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9)906 : I hade þoȝte Quy þat þou wrathis þe noȝte And fyndus him in bed broȝte By þi laydy.
- a1475 Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)1166 : A man þat is in hele and ȝing, Hou wraþiþ he him for litel thing?
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6985 : Þe worthi at þe wond wrathit hym sore.
f
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)prol.174 : Ȝif him wrattheth, be ywar and his weye shonye.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1509 : I woled wyt at yow…& yow wrathed not þer-wyth, what were þe skylle Þat so ȝong & so ȝepe…þe chef þyng a-losed.
2.
(a) To cause wrath, offend;
(b) to provoke (sb., God, etc.) to wrath; incur the wrath of (sb., God, etc.), anger; also, offend against (the way of the Lord), transgress [last quot.]; fig. of wind: cause (the sea) to rage, roil up [quot. c1275, 2nd];
(c) ben) wratthed, to be) angry or furious; of God: be) righteously wrathful; also, of a person or God: be) angered, be) angry (with sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)66/2 : He that wraþþed and trespassed in oone is gilty in iche trespas.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2901 : Man maȝȝ sket to soffte ben Ȝæn þa þatt Drihhtin wraþþenn.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)99/10 : Se ðe hafð ðese eadi mihte, him ne mai no mann wraðhin.
- c1225 Wor.Bod.Gloss.(Hat 113)22 : Abelgað: wreððet, teoneð.
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Mdst A.13)102/288 : Tu hire mid worde wraþþed hauedest.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)141/6 : Beo we sorie ðet we euer schulden wreððen [Cai: wredden] swuch feder.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1883 : Heo werðede [Otho: wreþþede] heore moddri mare þene heo sulden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2284 : Þe wind com on weðere, and þa sæ he wraðede.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)1586 : Ȝeo…wraþþede me swiþe, þe worse hire sal worþe.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8813 : Þo þou vorsoke such trauail to be in godes seruise & wrappedest [B vr. wraþdest] so muche god, þou ne dust noȝt as þe wise.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)606 : We schuld…for þat sinne Wretþi god.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)8/5 : Þis heste ous amonesteþ þet we ous loky þet we ne wreþþi uader ne moder wytindeliche.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)981 : I wraþed him neuer þat I wot, in word ne in dede.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.80 : Yet hadde I leuere payen for the mare Which he rit on than he sholde with me stryue; I wol nat wrathe hym.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)1227 : Þai wraþet him wiþ wikked rede.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.513 : Þise Ribaudes…repente hem…Þat euere þei wratthed þe in þis worlde in worde, þouȝte, or dedes.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)34a(2)/a : Infendo: to wraþþe [Hrl 1738: to wyl wretthyn; Cnt: valde offendere, facere irasci].
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)74/26 : Gode sones dredeth to wreþþe her fadres for loue.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)4273 : Wyl not þi-self…so despyse To wrathyn oure goddys swych fraward wyse.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1052/32 : If I graunte to do batayle for the quene I shall wretth many of my felyship of the Table Rounde.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)118/10 : He wraþut Crist more for hongyng hymselfe yn dyspayre þen dyd þe traytery þat he dyd befor.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)49/3 : We…haue wraþid the way of oure lord.
c
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)3070 : Þe quen was wratþed sore; Wroþ to chaumber sche ȝede.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)17.9 : He hys wraþed to hem.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Par.25.10 : Þei, aȝens Judam hugeli wrathed [L irati], ben turned aȝeen in to þer regioun.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)58 : He seiȝ þe kyng þer he sat and wuste þat he was wraþþed.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)1/16 : It is to obey hym at al tyme for hys aune gudis þat ere in vs, þat he…not alanly diseret vs os not hys sons, Bot also os a dredful lord, wrathid thoro our euyl dedys, betake vs to perpetual payne os ful wykkyd seruandis whylk wald not folow hym to blis.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)4a/b : Amens: desturbed, wraþþed, or wode.
- ?a1425(a1400) Brut-1377 (Corp-C 174)310/5 : Wherfore þe King was gretly…wraithed.
- c1400 Interpol.Rolle Cant.(1) (Bod 288)5 : Lord…þou art wraþþid to me.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)3 : He axed of hir, ‘How myght I…gete thy lord on my part?’; and she ansuerde that in no manere wise lesse than he were wratthed.
3.
(a) To be vexing, cause grief or harm [quot. a1400]; grieve (sb.), vex, harass; also, harm (sb.), bring to distress; ppl. wratthed, vexed, distressed;
(b) to become vexed or troubled; also, refl. be troubled;
(c) ben wratthed, med. to be irritated or inflamed.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)71/617 : We ne cunnen…warpen na word aȝein to weorrin ne to wreððen him þet heo wreoðeð hire on.
- a1250 HMaid.(Tit D.18)27/438 : Hare ouerherren witið ham & wraððeð.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)1529 : Gwichard, who haþ wretþed þe, & where hastow in bateyle be?
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.127 : Hem of þe werlde…shullen be dampned þat wraþþeden [vr. wreþt] & tourmenteden holy Men.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.11 : No man…þe schall wraþþe [L tibi sit molestus].
- a1400 Hit wasteþ (Hrl 7322)p.260 : Luxuria facit hec: hit wasteþ…hit wraþþeþ, hit bigileþ.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)726 : Werre wrathed hym not so much þat wynter was wors.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2420 : Adam…Salamon…& Samson…were wrathed wyth her wyles.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.49.22 : Hise brithren wraththeden [L exasperaverunt] hym, and chidden, and thei hadden dartis, and hadden enuye to hym.
- a1450 NPass.(Cmb Dd.1.1)74/727 : Petir stod wretthid ful sore; him for þouhte þat he cam thore.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)6968 : Or thou come to that cyte Thou shalte be wraþed, and thy meyne.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)16215 : The wyf was wratht outt of hyr wyll and sayd hyr welth a way was kast.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1164/33 : I drede me sore that youre goyng thys nyght shall wratth us all.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)3252 : Or they be passyd the hyllys hye, We schall þem wrath.
b
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)39/11 : Whan Jesus seiȝ þe folk hem wraþþen, Jesus hem ansuered & seide þat hij ne schulden haue non oþer tokne þan of Jonas þe prophete.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)12.166 : Tho wepte ich for wo and wraþede of hus wordes.
c
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)93/39 : Þe þridde intencioun is fulfilled afore þe vlceracioun wiþ refrenatyues and euaporatyfes þat þe mater goo nouȝt bakward, ne be it noght wreþþed [L irritetur].
4.
In misc. senses: (a) ~ oute, to flare up [?mistransl. of L exardescere];
(b) ppl. wratthed, in interpretation of Biblical place name.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.117.12 : Þey enuyrouneden me as bees & wratheden out [L exarserunt] as fijr in thornes.
b
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)14a/a : Charram: uraþþed [Add 33534: wretthud].