Middle English Dictionary Entry
wēven v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | wēven v.(1) Also weve, wevi, wef(e(n, wewen, weive, weife, wiven, ueve & (errors) wene, wenyn; sg.2 (early) wefst; ppl. weving(e, etc. & (error) woniand; p.sg. wave, waf(e, wafȝ, wove, wof & weved(e; pl. waf, woven & weveden, wevide; ppl. weven, iweve, i)woven, wove, wovun, wouve, wowen, wofin, iveve, (early) iweven, (early SW) iweove & wevid, weft & (?error) woued, (error) wonen. |
Etymology | OE wefan, weofan, wifan, p. -wæf (as in gewæf, p. of gewefan), pl. wǣfon, ppl. wefen; for p.sg., p.pl., & p.ppl. forms in -ā- & -ō- also cp. ON: cp. OI vāfum, vōfum & vofinn, p.pl. & p.ppl. respectively of vefa. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To practice the craft of weaving; also fig.; ppl. wevinge, weaving; also, as noun: a weaver;
(b) to interlace (threads, yarn, etc.) to form a fabric; ~ togeder; weven togeder to hem-self, of chains: having interlocking links;
(c) to produce (cloth, an item made of cloth, etc.) by interweaving thread or other fibrous material; also, form (a web); also fig.; ppl. weven, woven; weven al abouten, al weven enter, al weven in (aboven in-to) on, woven as a single piece.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)57/28 : Ge lufigeð þiss lif, on þan þe ge mid geswynce wuniged…þu grintst, & bacst, þu wefst, & wæden teolest, & earfoðlice wast ealre þinre neoda getæl.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)p.180 : My lif is coruen as of þe woniand [vr. man weuyng].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1283 : Hire moder…Bad that sche scholde…lerne forto weve and spinne.
- a1400(?c1280) SLeg.Nativ.M&C (Stw 949)116 : From vndren fort mydouernon to hire werk heo wolde sitte, Spynne or weue oþer sewi.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.555 : I dyke and I delue, I do þat treuthe hoteth…In tailoures crafte and tynkares crafte—what treuthe can deuyse—I weue an I wynde and do what treuthe hoteth.
- (c1422) Hoccl.Dial.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)450 : O Thomas, holdist thow it a prudence, Reed, weyue, and wirke aftir thyn owne wit?
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)129/32 : A conuerse of þat same ordr…whech was a weuer of cloth aftyr þe euensang…sat stille in his craft weuyng.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)p.496 : Bifore shorne is as of the wefand my life; whils ȝit i bigan, he sheris me down; My life is shorne away in ȝouthede bifore are i com til elde as of the wefand that sheris down the web are it be fulfild.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 7.17 : Two heuyd coueryngis he made…& as in maner of a nett & of cheynes weuyn [WB(2): knyt] to gidere to hemselue in oon werk.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)17b/a : Contexo: to weue togedre [Hrl 1738: to wenyn; Cnt: to ueue to gyder; Add 33534: to wene].
- c1450 De CMulieribus (Add 10304)637 : Anodyr crafte than after this she sought: To bryng thies thredys in a dewe conneccyon Stodyed soore in hirr inwarde affeccion, Tyll that she hadd founde lomys craftily To weyfe the thredys therin orderly.
- (1467-8) RParl.5.621b : For all which Yerne…your Highnes taketh noo maner Custume, Awnage…where as yef the said Yerne were wovyn…your Highnes shuld have the Custume and Awnage for the same.
c
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)39/22 : Sanctus Gregorius seið hier on ane forbisne, þat al swa nan webb ne mai bien iweuen wið-uten twa beames, al swo ne mai næure karite bien fulfremed wið-uten twa luues, þat is, godes and mannes.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(LdMisc 108)165 : Seint Eadmund…werede strongue here In strengore manere heo was i-maud…heo nas i-sponne ne i-weoue.
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)446 : Cum de filleie est la manere pur wider apres le travil E puis apres tristrer [glossed:] weven [vrr. wyven, wefe, wewen] le voil.
- a1350(?c1280) SLeg.Concep.Virg.(Ashm 43)191 : Heo sewede & span & waf [vr. wafȝ] boþe wollone & lynne.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.19.19 : Aclooþ þat ys wouyn of tweyne [WB(2): wouun of twei thingis] þou shal not be cloþed.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.30.1 : Wo…þat ȝee schuld…weuen [vr. wefen] a web & not bi my spirit.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4333 : Thei tawhten him a Las to breide, And weve a Pours, and to enfile A Perle.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)21640 : Ouer & vnder, riȝt & left, in þis compas god has al weft.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2358 : Hit is my wede þat þou werez, þat ilke wouen girdel.
- c1400 Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)36/408 : Þis weddyng-garnement suttylly yveue wit diuers vertus, it bihoueþ þat it be be-goon aboute wit swiche goldene hemmes…þe wyche mowen conteyne and bynde alle vertus in oon.
- a1425(c1300) Assump.Virg.(1) (Add 10036)134/836 : This seynt sche hure self wof [vr. woof]; We dide it on hure in þe beere.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)John 19.23 : The coot was without seem and wouun al aboute.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)10a/a : Bilix: an haubrek on [read: or] cloþ wt two [Add 33534: duble] þredes [Hrl 2270: þredes to] weuen.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.1.22 : Hir clothes weren makid of right delye thredes and subtil craft…the whiche clothes sche hadde woven with hir owene handes.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)1149 : Hir clothing was…Wroght and wove…With sotil thredes.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.25 : This cloth þei caght þat I my-self had weven [vr. wonen], And þogh þat I wiþstood and seide nay To rende and kyt it wolde þei not bileuen.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)360/31 : Dame, can ye wefe such clothe?
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)81 : Who sonnis lifers, seiþ þe Lord, þat ȝe schuld mak a counseil, and not of me; and wef a web, and not bi mi Spirit.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)142b : Wouue: exorditus, textus.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)6700 : That cote he hade…Ihesu bifore on hym were the wiche Mary hys moder hym made and seemles was al weuen entere.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.229 : The chesyple betokenyth þe hool cloþ of Cryst withoutyn seem, al wouyn in on, whyche betokenyth perfyt charite.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.310 : Þis iacke of c[h]arite is betokenyd be þe cloþ of Crist withoutyn seem, al wofyn abouyn into on.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)74/4 : David sterid himself…to susteyigne vertuously the dedis of penaunce…his werke is like for to be wevid of my stuff and the leest of his webbe was myghtily strengthid with beleve.
- c1500(a1449) Lydg.Aesop (Trin-C R.3.19)368 : Cloþe falsly wouen may kepe no fresshe colours.
2.
(a) Of a spider: to generate the filaments of a cobweb, spin a web [quots. 1st & a1398 2nd]; spin (a web, a cocoon); also in fig. context;
(b) to form (a cord) by twisting strands of fabric, twine;—used fig.;
(c) ben weven, of a membrane: to be formed of a network of veins; ppl. weven, of veins, nerves: forming a network, reticulate; weven togeder, of the skin or a membrane: consisting of a network of fluid and tissue.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)363 : Ðe spinnere…werpeð ðus hire web & weueð on hire wise.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.59.5 : Þe webbis of an attercop þei weueden [vr. wouen].
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1198/14 : Þe malschragge…weueþ certeyne webbes of his owne guttes as þe spyre doþ And wrappeþ himself in þilke webbes.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1347/4 : Anone as þey comeþ oute of þe ey þat þey were inne, þey bigynneþ to weuy sotilliche þat it is wonder þat so litel a beste haþ so moche witte.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)8/3 : A soule þat loueth propurte haþ gostly a corner þat þe deuel occupieþ with dust of erþely loue and spyners weuynge here webbis, þat is venymous þoȝtes, willes and workes of þe seuene dedly synnes, to chacche with flyes, þat ben wicked spirites.
- c1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Tbr A.7)19269 : An vreyne wewyth a calle To make fflyes there-in to ffalle.
b
- c1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Tbr A.7)24413 : The cordeler that waf the corde of pes, vnyte, and concorde…hyr name was called ‘Charyte.’
c
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)175/34 : Þe arteries: smale veynes of þe whiche þe calle of þe brayne is iweue.
- ?a1425 Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)8/30 : Þe skynne is a coueringe of þe bodie wouen to-gider of þe þredes of synewes and off veynes and of arteries.
- ?a1425 Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)25/3 : Rethe mirabile is sette vnder þe pannikels contexte oþer wouen togider wiþ arteries alone þat cumme fro þe harte.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)11/23 : Siȝt is in þe iȝen, heering in þe eeris, smelling is in þe nose, taastyng is in þe mouþe, touching in þe nett of sinowis wouun, as it were, þoruȝ al þe fleisch of þe body.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)109/23 : The veynes ben clere, grete, and wele woven to the nodell.
3.
To construct (a dwelling) by interlacing the frame with twigs and branches, wattle; form (a basket) by interweaving branches and thorns; also, interlace (stakes with twigs); ~ with twigges (yerdes, etc.).
Associated quotations
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.227 : Þey bulde hem smale cootes and cabans and waf ham and heled hem wiþ smale twigges.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1050/4 : Sowelis and stakes…ben ypight in þe grounde and þe fastere þey ben ypight in þe grounde and more strongeliche yweue and ywralled wiþ ȝerdes, þe more strong is þe hegge.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1376/34 : Fiscella is a litel euelong cribbe ouþer a panyer yweue wiþ smale ȝerdes of wiþye.
4.
To stitch (images, etc. onto a fabric or clothing); decorate (a tapestry), decorate (cloth with letters, gold, etc.); also, embroider (a letter, an image) on fabric; ~ in.
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Par.3.14 : He made a veil of iacynct & purpre…& bijs & þei weueden [WB(2): weuyde] to yt cherubyn.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5770 : Sche waf a cloth of Selk al whyt With lettres and ymagerie.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.1.29 : In the nethereste hem or bordure of thise clothes, men redden ywoven in a Grekissch P (that signifieth the lif actif).
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2352 : This woful lady lerned hadde in youthe So that she werken and enbroude couthe, And weven in hire stol the radevore As it of wemen hath be woned yore.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2358-60 : With a penne coude she nat wryte; But letters can she weve to and fro, So that, by that the yer was al ago, She hadde ywoven [vr. woued] in a stamyn large How she was brought from Athenes in a barge.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2364 : Al the thyng that Tereus hath wrought, She waf [vrr. wave, wafe, wove] it wel, and wrot the storye above.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)366 : This lady…Werketh euer…Wevyng in hir garnement Thynges dyuers ful habounde That she be nat naked founde.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)62/30 : Joseph was cled in a white cote & in pall & purpur wovyn with golde.
5.
(a) Fig. To cast (a pall over people); of darkness: envelop (sb.);
(b) to enmesh (sb. in arguments), entangle.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.25.7 : He shal stumble doun in this hil the face of the bond bounde togidere vp on alle puples and the web that he hath weuede vp on alle nacyouns.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)54.5 : Drede and quaking ouer me come þa, And weued [vrr. wof; ouerhiled] me mirkenes in to ga.
b
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.12.155 : Scornestow me…that hast so woven me with thi resouns the hous of Didalus, so entrelaced that it is unable to ben unlaced.
6.
(a) To construct (a text, an argument, etc.) by combining details; ~ togederes; ppl. weven, interpolated; interspersed;
(b) to build (a body of experience); weave (a fate); fashion (a judgment), shape.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)7.110 : Ysay…is not Iseeyn to me to weuen a prophecye, bot euangely.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)7.158 : Þe actez of þe apostlez forsoþe þe nakid story semen to sowne & to weuen þe childhode of þe bering chirch.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prol.Is.(Bod 959)15 : Þat not hym þou weene of thing to comen to prophecien but of þe thingis passid storie to weuen.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prol.Kings (Bod 959)17 : Þe psalmys…ben weuyd [WB(2): writen and wouen togideris] wiþ þe Abece of þe same nowmbre…þe prouerbis of Salomon…wiþ þe same abecees or markynges ben nowmbrid.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prols.Job (Bod 959)46 : Fro þe forseide vers…vn to þe ende of þe booc þe litle distinccioun þat leueþ with prose endityng is weuyd.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.38 : Although the noryssynges of dite of musyk deliteth the, thou most suffren and forberen a litel of thilke delit, whil that I weve to the resouns yknyt by ordre.
b
- c1350 NPass.(Rwl C.655)132/410 : Þriis or þe kok haue krowen ssalt forsake [þat] þou haueste wouen.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)26661 : Þe fifte [reason to confess quickly] is doute of dome þat sal be wowen wiþ our werkis alle.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.101 : Whethir that destyne be exercised outhir by some devyne spiritz…or elles by some soule…the destinal ordenaunce is ywoven and acomplissid.
7.
In surname.
Associated quotations
- (1190) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.1126 : Rogerus Weuesleue.