Middle English Dictionary Entry
wers(e adv. comparative
Entry Info
Forms | wers(e adv. comparative Also wersse, werce, wars(e, wirse, wors(e, worsse, wursse, wrs(e, vers & (chiefly early) wurs(e, (early) wærse, wirsse & (error) þurs. |
Etymology | OE wirs, wyrs, wiers; in phrases of the type don ~, werken ~, etc., the word might be construed as ME wers(e n., but all such phrases have been treated under the adv. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. wer adv. comp.
1.
(a) More evilly, more sinfully, more wrongfully; also, more cruelly, more savagely; don (werken) ~; don ~ and ~, to act more and more sinfully;
(b) less mercifully, more unkindly.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Wes næure gæt mare wrecce hed on land, ne næure hethen men werse ne diden þan hi diden, for ouersithon ne for baren hi nouther circe ne cyrceiærd, oc namen al þe god…& brenden sythen þe cyrce & al tegædere.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1140 : He…dide þanne wærse þanne he hær sculde.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)57/23 : Ȝif godd hit him nadde iȝiuen, he scolde fuliwis don alswa oðer wurse.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)42/7 : Þu witlese wiht wurchest…& ȝet tu wurchest wurse, for þe unsehene unwihtes wunieð ham in-wið, ant tu ase þine lauerdes luuest ham & heiest.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14565 : Gurmunddes mon he bicon [read: bicom]: ne mihte he na wurse don, for Crist seolue he for-soc.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1408 : Hweþer deþ wurse, flesch þe gost…lasse is þe flesches gult.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Jer.7.26 : Inwardli hardeden ther nol, and werse wroȝten than ther fadris.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.768 : As seith Seint Augustyn, they ben the deueles wolues that stranglen the sheep of Iesu Crist and doon worse than wolues.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.675 : In the same wyse That he hir doghter caughte, right so he, Or worse…Hath hent hir sone.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)5.95 : I deme men þere þei don ille, & ȝet I do wers.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.287 : Þanne marie þe maudeleyn who miȝte do wers [C: worsse]?
- c1400(c1382) Wycl.PRSchism.(Dub 244)250 : Poul repreved Petir for a liȝt trespasse…Why schulde noȝt men now reprove popes, ȝif þei don now wersse?
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.44 : Oure Pharisees to dai done wel wers, ffor þei putten abac goddis lawe and magnifien þer ordres.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)783 : Wers wirchen no folk þan ȝe weiȝes alle…ȝe…liven in ȝoure likinge and luþurli wirchen.
- c1450(c1396) Chaucer Buk.(Benson-Robinson)17 : Lest thow do worse, take a wyf; Bet ys to wedde than brenne in worse wise.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)4/2 : Boldnesse is…þenkyng þt þer is but litil perel in his lif as long as oþer men doth as euel as he or wers.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)146/26 : We do now vers þan Adam dud.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.72.52a : Þe ground of þis synne is onli nede, wilk may nouȝt ben eschaped, Bute if þou wilt don wers and slen þe nede.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.148 : No man wile be war, no man amenden hym, but alwey don wers and wers.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.291 : Þey don þe warse for þat þey ben sekir of her lyflode.
b
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)8696 : Syn þey had mercy & pyte, Wirse þan þey schul nought do we.
2.
(a) More unpleasantly, more grievously, more dreadfully; more harmfully, more painfully; also, with intensive force [the precise gloss is highly contextual]: more acutely, more intensely, more; ~ and ~, progressively more painfully; ~ willed, more ill-willed;
(b) with verbs of speaking, thinking, judging, etc.: with harsher words or judgment, more critically, more unfavorably;
(c) more poorly in condition or situation; more unfortunately, more adversely; more miserably, more sorrowfully; faren (the) ~; ~ bigon, more woebegone; the ~ ich the se, the worse for seeing you; faren the leng the ~, to fare more and more badly.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)82/1 : He bið ilic þam men þe summe læddræ aræreð, & astihð þonne uppon þære læddrestæfæ…þonne fællæð he…swa mucele wyrsse swa he forðor stop.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)236 : In helle…þenne hi bið in þere hete, þe chele him þunchet blisse; þenne hi cumeð eft to þe chele, of hete hi habbeð misse…Nute hi hweþer hom deþ þurs [Eg(2): wurs; McC: wrs] mid neure nane wisse.
- a1200 PMor.(Trin-C B.14.52)223 : Werse he doð his gode wines þan his fiendes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1746 : Nule heo me do na wurse þanne hire lond forwurnen.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)9/116 : Ofte hadde horn beo wo, At [read: Ac] neure wurs þan him was þo.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)931 : Þis same sekenes miself it holdes in alle wise as it doþ William, and wors, as ich wene.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)338/3 : Þe more sich on metiþ þat etiþ oþir drinkeþ, þe worse he is anhongred oþir aþurst whanne he is waked.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)36/3 : Worse schullen þei ben honged þat I spac of er, for þei maken in þer soules her inordinat loue heiȝer þan þe galewes were of fifti cubitis.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1194 : O cruel Jove, and thow, Fortune adverse…falsly have ye slayn Criseyde, and syn ye may do me no werse, Fy on youre myght and werkes so dyverse!
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)100b/a : Þe wounde akeþ werse þen it was wunte.
- (1448) Shillingford54 : Y wolde noght hit were y-knowe that suche writynge cam fro me, leste the parties…be more werce willed and dangerous to entrete.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3199 : Þe seioure of grece…will me wreke on ȝoure werke wers þan of thefes.
- c1450(1438) GLeg.St.Barth.(GiL116) (Eg 876)78/10 : Sese ye, cursed wrechis, to sacrifie to us, lest ye suffre wors thanne y that lye here harde bounde in cheynes of fyre.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)120/5 : Þey wex not prowde…lest þey falle moche worse by vayne glorie.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)115b/a : Wheþir it [cancer] be kutt al aweye or y-left stille, it bringiþ wo & sorowe to þe pacient by his lyue, and so wors and wors til he be deed.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)57/20 : Ðeih he betere do ðan an oðer, þeih hweðere he læte wers of him seluen.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)793 : Telstu bi me þe wurs [Jes-O: wrs] forþan Þat ich bute anne craft nekan?
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1618 : Answerde of this ech werse of hem than other, And Poliphete they gonnen thus to warien.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3808 : Wikkid tunge…myght not his tunge withstonde Worse to report than he fonde.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)390/320 : Vnto my dome I schall þame drawe, And juge þame worse þanne any Jewe.
- c1450 Whos conscians (SeldSup 52)p.41 : Whos conscians be comeryde and be not clene, of oþer men dedis the wars thay wyll deme.
- a1500 Solomon seyth (Trin-C O.9.38)6 : Whos consciens is combred and is not clene, Of other men dedis the wursse wull deme.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14252 : Mon i þan fihte non þer ne mihte ikenne nenne kempe, no wha dude wurse [Otho: wors], no wha bet, swa þat wiðe wes imenged.
- ?a1300 Fox & W.(Dgb 86)201 : Ich habbe ben qued al mi lifdaie; Ich habbe widewene kors, Þerfore ich fare þe wors.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)4444 : Ȝif þou þis nelt don, þou salt don worse.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Co.(Manly-Rickert)A.4350 : Of many a pilgrym hastow Cristes curs, For of thy persely yet they fare the wors [vr. wrse].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6994 : Though the Prest therfore curse, He seith he fareth noght the wurse.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3109 : We fare þe lenge þe wers.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1320 : Hade he let of hem lyȝt, hym moȝt haf lumpen worse.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3645 : Hit was best his couenaunt forto holde…So that his word, the wors to mak hym spede, Be nat founde variant fro the dede.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1328 : Ye me lefte in aspre peynes…of which yet boote non Have I non had, but evere wors bigon Fro day to day am I.
- a1450(?1418) The herrere degre (Dgb 102)51 : Be þou not gredy to craue, Make oþere folk þe worse to lyue, For synguler profyt þou wolde haue.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2170 : Þou þou speke euyl, I ne ȝeue a gres; I schal do neuere þe wers.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)99 : I ferde the worse al the morwe Aftir to thenken on hir sorwe.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)160/275 : But yf I slepe, I am a-drede My witt xall fare þe wurse.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.140 : Þe more þat þey werkyn be here craft, þe werse þey spedyn.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)28/191 : Noe…God spede, dere wife, how fayre ye? Vxor: Now, as euer myght I thryfe, the wars I thee see.
3.
Less perfectly, less conscientiously, less faithfully; less accurately; less pleasingly; less skillfully, more inadequately; less readily; less well; ben ~ plesed, to be less pleased; ben the ~ disposed, be less disposed (to sth.); ben the ~ paied of wages, be the worse paid with regard to wages; also, in impers. construction: the ~ hath likede me, so much the worse for me.
Associated quotations
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)108/8 : Ȝef me ȝemeð wurse ei þing ileanet oðer bitaht to witene þen he wene þe ah hit, Nis hit oðer triccherie oðer ȝemeles of slawðe?
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)163/12 : Mi sunne is mare þen of a wepmon, for hit bicom me wurse.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)505 : Þu singst worse [Jes-O: wrse] þon þe heisugge.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)2430 : He doþ amys, In godes seruise bote he beo…He halt worse his by-leoue þan þe gyew doþ his.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)93/221 : Þou halst wel wors þane masseday Þane man myd hys workynge.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)802 : Þouȝh have I fele times fonded to finde it, ȝif I miȝt, but ever wrouȝt I in wast; þe wors haþ me liked.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.171 : Abyde…my tale is nat bigonne; Nay, thow shalt drynken on another tonne, Er that I go, shal sauoure wors than ale.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1234/1 : Scheep…þat haue longe tayles may wors wiþ wynter þan þilke þat haue brode tailes.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1299/25 : Noseþerles ben alway open and…may þe wors perceyue þe myddel odours.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)21884 : Þe moo tokenes þat we se, Þe worse warned are we.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.162 : Nay lord…leue him þe wers, Whanne ȝe wyte wytterly where þe wrong liggeþ.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.322 : Whan smoke & smolder smyt in his syȝte, It doth hym worse þan his wyf or wete to slepe.
- a1425(c1400) 5 Wits (Hrl 2398)11/29 : Yf he be þanne suffred vicious, he schal be þe wors dysposed to vertue whenne he comeþ to age.
- (1442) RParl.5.64a : For the whiche, the Communes of this your Roialme have bene oftymes chargeed to ther grete damage, your Souldeours of Caleys and of the Marches there the wers paied of theire Wagees.
- a1450 Comment.Hilton LL (Hrl 2406)333/123 : My dere frend, haue my bustusnes excused, for I can febli speke Englis, and wors can I writen it.
- (a1461) Paston2.199 : He had don his dever in þat in hym was to noyse me and slaunder me, þe whiche I am wers plesed with-all þan with ony mony þat I haue spent.
- (c1461-2) Paston2.266 : Owre placys…are so far decayde be noun-reparacoun þat we may nowt weel repayre þem aȝeen, and so owre tenauntys are þe more pore, and þe wersse þei mey paye to vs þe deutez of þeire fermes.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)19b/b : Þe vernal bonys ben more playn and lasse round in þat place þan in ony oþir, and þerfore þei mowen þe worse wiþstonde noyauncis wiþoutforþ.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)484 : Tityuillus…What ys in þi purse?…Nowadays…I am a clen jentyllman; I prey Gode I be neuer wers storyde þen I am.
- a1500 St.Brendan Conf.(Lamb 541)8/84 : I haue serued þee, my God, þe wors whanne I ouȝte haue serued þee myche þe betere.
4.
(a) In generalizing expressions indicating the full range of possible alternatives: bettre or ~; do thou bettre do thou ~, come what may; mouen thei ~ mouen thei bet, however they fare;
(b) in proverbs.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.281 : Þey þat payenis clepiþ goddis, þey were men; And as þey bere hem in her lif, bettre or wers, so þey were i-worschipped after her deeþ.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6277 : Alle þise kyng Alisaunder haþ bishet, Mowen hij wers, mowen hij bett, Ne comen hij þennes o ne ay, Al forto tofore domesday.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.49 : Do thow better, do thow worse, Do after hym that beryth the purse.
b
- ?c1225 Ancr.(Cleo C.6)77/26 : Þer waxeð þe wa; selengere se wurse lokede blind hors.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.45 : Euer lenger þe wors lokys þe blynde hors.