Middle English Dictionary Entry
blī̆nd adj.
Entry Info
Forms | blī̆nd adj. Also blend, blin. |
Etymology | OE |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Of a person, the eyes: blind, sightless; also, temporarily unable to see; as ~ as a betel (ston, bere, Bayard), completely blind, stone-blind; as ~ Bayard, like Bayard, blindly; (b) ~ man, blind man; also, surname; ~ acenned, ~ born, born blind, congenitally blind; stark ~, start ~, ston ~, streight ~, completely blind, stone-blind; (c) of Fortune, Cupid, love: blind; of the wheel of Fortune (or Venus): governed by chance, variable; upon the ~ side, (referring to Cupid) being blind, ?unintentionally; (d) as an epithet; as a surname.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1859 : Tobi..wass æness wurrþenn blind.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)14/25 : Ower godes þe dumbe beoð & deaue & blinde.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)515 : Fiftene men þat blinde weren.
- a1325 Prov.Hend.(Cmb Gg 1.1)st.8 : Betir is þe heie sore, þan alle blinde.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)107/2225 : He bicam blind so ston.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Tob.11.10 : The blinde [L caecus] fader..began to rennen.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.35 : Who-so falle at meschief, en pouerte, croked, blyn..he ssal han seuene penes in þe woke.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)84b/b : A bere þat is sodeynly made blynde [L excecatur] wiþ byholdinge.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)886 : Þay blwe a boffet..þat banned peple, Þat þay blustered as blynde as Bayard.
- c1400 *PPl.C (Trin-C R.3.14)[18.38] f.47a : He was blynd as a betil.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)3350 : Þat stede Þer þe blend man satt to beg hys bred.
- (1402) Topias (Dgb 41)p.53 : Thou, as blynde Bayarde, berkest at the mone as an olde mylne dog.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1297 : He was blynde þorgh derknesse of the nyght.
- a1425 in Owst Lit.& Pulpit312 : He is blynd as a bere.
- a1425 Hayle bote (Wht)77 : I wolde be blynde as any stane.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.7.25 : Poliphemus wood for his blynde visage.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)195/66 : Þus prophecis þe blynd Awdlay.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.3755 : Hir sone, hir lord [Oedipus] blynd on his eyen tweyne.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3632 : As bleynde as a betulle þey weron euermore.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)276/596 : This blynde knyght [Longeus].
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)58/22 : Summe mon ðe wæs blind acenned.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)72/31 : Þes mon wæs blind iboren.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)111/1 : Þet mon..blindne mon let.
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)769 : A blindmon hede sihte.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.97 : He put out his eiȝen..and lad hym in Babilon streiȝt blynde [vrr. start, stark blynde; Higd.(2): so made blynde; L sic oculis privatum].
- c1390 Vrn.Mir.Virg.(Vrn)140/70 : Þei woxe start-blynde.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)13652 : It..was neuer herd..Blind-born man to gett his sight.
- c1400(a1349) Rolle MPass.(1) (Cmb Ll.1.8)25/202 : Þe blynde born þou lyȝted.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.21 : A blynd man kan nat juggen wel in hewis.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)36.415 : A man blynd born doth he Maken se.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)575 : Þe burnes in þe bretages..storte-blynde [vrr. stark-, stane-] wexen.
- (1452-4) Cart.St.John in OHS 69265 : Nich' Blyndman.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)213/1974 : They sleth..þe yong chyld in the Cradell, Olde blynde men.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)15b : A Blyndman: palpo.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2490 : Sche which kepth the blinde whel, Venus.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.1822 : The blinde whiel [of Fortune] Which torneth ofte er men be war.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.456 : The boteler [Cupid]..is blind..And if it mihte so betyde That he upon the blinde side Per cas the swete tonne arauhte, Than schalt thou have a lusti drauhte.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1598 : Loue is blynd alday and may nat see.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.1.65 : The doutous or double visage of thilke blynde goddesse Fortune.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)617 : Hys blynde nevew Cupido.
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)454 : O God of Love! vnto the I crie, And to thy blende double deyte.
- a1475 Cato(2) (Rwl G.59)474 : Say thou noght that fortune is blynd.
d
- (1217) Close R.Tower 1337b : Willielmus Blind.
- (1254) Abbrev.Plac.Hen.III137 : Willelmus le Blynd.
- (1362) Cart.St.John in OHS 68122 : Thomas Blinde.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1413 : Ye been as boold as is Bayard the blynde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1513 : Þis lameth was cald lameth þe blind [Frf: lameþ blinde].
- a1425 Methodius(1) (Hrl 1900)96/9 : Lameth þe blynde.
2.
(a) Spiritually blind, lacking insight or perception, undiscerning, unenlightened; deficient (in intelligence or understanding); ~ of, ~ to, blind to, unaware of; ~ herted, undiscerning (in spiritual matters); (b) deceived, deluded, misguided; mistaken, erroneous; evil, sinful; ~ in, mistaken in (an opinion); maken ~, to deceive, delude; (c) delusive, deceitful; mendacious, false; (d) ?not governed by reason, heedless, unrestrained.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)74/1 : Þa Iudeiscan..ne iseȝon na Crist mid soðæ leafæ..for þan ðe heo blinde weron.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16810 : Off þatt mann þatt wass ȝet blind Off hefennlike leme.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16954 : Unnwis mann iss..blind Off herrtess eȝhe sihhþe.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)48a : Þu art blind iheortet ne ne sist nawt hu þu art poure & naket of halinesse.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.228 : My wittes ben so blinde That I ne can miselven teche.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8988 : Þat caitiue kind [has]..mad king salamon..Blind o wijt and wisdom.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)12191 : Þei are blynde þat oþere leres And wot not what þei teche her feres.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5868 : Þer-with-al þei be maked blynde To her estat, þat þei may nat se.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)810 : He [Edyppus] wroght..Ful derk and blynde of his woful chaunce.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)107/13 : Folk of oþer naciouns..er blynd [F aueglez] withouten eghen, as ynentes kunnyng and wirking.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)400 : Of my teching ert þou blind.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)162/33 : Þis wose [lechery] makyth þe blynd in mynde, wyth-oute resoun, takyng non hede of þin ende.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)23/28 : Cryst heled..mony mo þat wern blynd yn sowle.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.205 : God graunte..þat Paternus be nouȝt i-dampned for his blynde devocioun.
- (c1391) Gower CA Suppl.(Hnt EL 26.A.17)5.7096* : Thus fulofte men be blinde, That stonden of his word deceived, Er his queintise be perceived.
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1)133 : By what bowldnes dar any blinde prelate..deme blasfemely that such a man [a contrite heretic] is..dampned withouten ende.
- a1400 in Owst Preaching500 : This blynde evidence.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2734 : Whan he sat hiȝest..Made ful blind with veyn prosperite.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)339 : It is a blynd folie þat men shulden fiȝte for þe pope more þan þei fiȝten for bileve.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)7 : Fals goddys þat þe blynde world worshiped at þat time.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)107/30 : Þai þat giffes þer luff vnto þis werld war passand blynd & fonde.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)4.44 : For þe manere to make men blynde Some argued aȝein rith þen a good while.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)5804 : Yet were thei blynd in that opynyon.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)326/11 : Alas! why was thou, man, so blynde Thi lord to slo?
c
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3187 : Lat no man truste on blynd prosperitee.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.927 : He, that alle untrowthe meneth, With blinde tales so hire ladde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2959 : Ensample of suche thinges blinde.
- c1400 Wycl.Dominion (Dub 244)291 : Aȝeyns þis þe fend grucchiþ bi many blynde resouns.
- a1425 This is goddis (Wht)82 : Redy to pursuwe The pore peple wiþ sleyȝtis blynde.
d
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.928 : Luxurie..thy lustes blynde.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)4116 : Fayn þei were..For to haue her wille blynde.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1756 : His blynde lust was al his coveytynge.
3.
(a) Not giving out light, dark, dim; pale, colorless; of sound: not resonant, dull; (b) maken ~, destroy, obliterate [cp. blenden (1), blinden].
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)201a/a : We vsen to clepe al maner of precious stones that ben nought precious and schynyng blynde [L cecas] for þay ben y dymmed wiþ þair owne þikkenes and boistousnesse.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)334a/a : Þe blynde [L ceca] voice stynteþ soone and is stuffed and dureþ nouȝt longe, as the soune of erþene vessell.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.262 : Ȝe brenne, but ȝe blaseth nouȝte; þat is a blynde bekene.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)83 : Þe sunnebemez [were] bot blo and blynde.
- a1450(a1400) Medit.Pass.(2) (Add 11307)1321 : Blynd fir gurd wiþ derknesse Þat haþ brennyng and no lyȝtnesse.
- c1475 Awntyrs Arth.(Tay 9)p.8 : Alle blynde is my ble.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)15b : To make Blynde:..obtenebrare.
b
- c1455 Spec.Miser.(Tak 32)294 : With blood his bewte was made blyinde.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)15b : To make Blynde..obliterare vt in libris.
4.
(a) Without opening, closed, covered; closed at one end; ~ gut, the caecum; (b) concealed from sight, hidden, unseen; make ~, conceal; (c) secret, privy.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)134.135/10 : Wið nadren slite..ȝif slite blynd byð..sona hit seal opinien.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.658 : Lurkynge..in lanes blynde.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)40/19 : If oonly he [sinew, etc.] be prickid þe wounde of þe skyn is hool [L clausum] & þanne it is clepid a blynde puncture.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)64b/b : Woundez of neruous particlez..þo þat beþ puncturez som beþ blinde [*Ch.(2): schette; L execate] som opne.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)18b/b : Þe fourþe [gutte] is þe blynde gutte [*Ch.(1): cecum]..Where þat þe one eyȝed or blynde gutte [*Ch.(1): monoculus or cecus] bygynneþ.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)6.35 : A comyn diche [L apertae fossae] in kynde To make is lighter then the diches blynde [L caecae, vr. occultae].
b
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3177 : Willelmus atte Blyndwelle.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3463 : Bituix vn-born a batel blind.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3285 : Fortune..With blynde a-waites to cache hem in a traunce.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)7170 : Now have I you declared right The menyng of the bark and rynde, That makith the entenciouns blynde.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)2509 : When thei sette vppon this [the vtter tour] wallis blynde.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)277/15 : The feld of the blynde put.
c
- (1447) Shillingford15 : Y..spake with my lorde prively..among other [matters] of thys blynde entrety.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.1675 : For spousaille and wedloke, In the face of the churche it [troth] oweth to be hadde, And not in derke corners behynde thy bakke. Suche blynde bargens beith oft full badde.
5.
(a) ~ netle, a non-stinging nettle-like plant, one of the dead nettles; (b) ~ worm, the blind-worm or slow-worm (Anguis fragilis); also, a kind of water snake or serpent.
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1125(?OE) Dur-C.Gloss.(Dur-C Hunter 100:Cockayne)300 : Archangelica: Blinde nettle.
- a1300 Hrl.978 Vocab.(Hrl 978)556/1 : Arcangelica, i. mort ortie: blinde netle.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)257b/b : Anoþer maner of netle..hatte þe dede nettel ouþer þe blynde nettel [L urtica mortua]..and byteþ nouȝt hem þat it handeliþ; and haþ flour now reed and now whyte, wiþ ful heuy smelle and sauour.
- a1400 Mirfeld Sinonoma (Pmb-O 2)11 : Archa angelica, i. blinde netle, habet flores albos.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)p.181 : Þis herbe [horehound] haȝt lewys lyk to þe blynd [vr. dede] netle.
- a1500 *MS Ashm.1443 (Ashm 1443)p.306 : Þe blynd nettil with whyte boddyng flowris.
b
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)15b : A Blynde worme: Cecula [cp. 115b: a Slawe worme: Cecula].
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)706/17 : Hec scutula: a blyndeworme.
- ?a1500 Lndsb.Nominale (Lndsb)766/10 : Hic idrus, hec idra, hec matrix [read: natrix]: a blyndwurme.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 4.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. blind gut.