Middle English Dictionary Entry
wāǧen v.
Entry Info
Forms | wāǧen v. Also wage, waion, (N) wagge; sg.1 (error) wagen; p. waged, waget, (N) wajed; ppl. i)waged, waget, wagid(e. |
Etymology | ONF wagier, var. of OF gagier; also cp. wagiāre, var. of ML vadiāre. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. gagen v.
1.
(a) To offer surety (for sb. that he will not do sth.), guarantee;—also refl.; also, ?offer security or certainty [2nd quot.];
(b) to give (sth.) as a pledge or as surety; also, pay (a ransom, compensation); ~ glove, issue or accept a challenge (to fight); ~ oth, swear (that sth. is the case); ~ the pes, swear to keep the peace (with regard to sth.); ~ treues, give guarantees that one will cease hostilities;
(c) to pledge (sb.) as a surety, deliver (oneself into the hands of sb.) as a surety; also, ?entrust (oneself to someone’s mercy) [2nd quot.];
(d) ?to indemnify (sb.); ?compensate (sb.) for injuries.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)4.84 : Haue þis of me, man…to amende þi skaþe, For I wile wage [B vr. wage me] for wrong, he shal do so no more.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)416 : My Lorde þe Lombe…Corounde me quene in blysse to brede, In lenghe of dayez þat euer schal wage.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1011 : He waged him aring; Tristrem þe batayl toke.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)19.285 : Crist…shal delyuery ous som day out of þe deueles powere, And betere wed for ous wagen þan alle we beon worthi.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)8026 : He sent out his Messanger…Trewes to aske and trewes to wage.
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)143 : A man that myȝt noȝt synne…myȝt, if he wald, a gode raunson wage And bye agayn both man and heritage.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)163 : Ȝif ony in the forseyd toun manasse other of lyff, or off membre, or of betyng of his body, or of brennyng of his housys…thanne be the same manasour attachyd by good meinprise to be att a certayn day aforn the ballyves and the coronerys to wagyn the pees of the forseid manace.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)3264 : His othe he waged redilie: ‘To doo you shame neuer I thoght.’
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)172/369 : Loke if þey wull wage Ravnsom or ony trevage.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)1368 : Sche hath takyn a day…And waged hur gloue for to fyght.
- ?a1500(?1458) Off alle Werkys (Inscr)p.43 : Few folke there were coude that wey wende But they waged a wed or payed of her purse.
c
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)149 : Pastores…that bettere men mihten clepe…wulues than keeperes of sheep, With here croses bi strengthe thei withdrawen and disencresen grace dieu…of hire rialtee bi yifte of temporalitee; Oon hour thei ben biggeres, an oother time thei ben selleres, And often thei wagen hem self to hem that taken hem the monye; Grace dieu is wroth therwith, For hire thinketh wel she is litel preysed whan she is waged and leyd for so litel thing.
- a1500(1413) ?Hoccl.Poems PS (Eg 615)p.lviii/215 : There is no lyon ne cruel lyonesse So fiers ne so dispietous of corage That…Ne will cessyn of hire felle corage, To the that lowely hem selfe will wage, With meke herte to the ground obeye.
d
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)4.87 : For he haþ wagid [vr. waget] me wel, as wysdom hym tauȝte, I forgyue hym þe gilt wiþ a good wille.
2.
To put (sth.) up as a stake pending the outcome of an event; hazard (sth.); also, with diminished force: venture to say (sth., that sth. will occur), bet [1st quot.].
Associated quotations
- c1390 Hose wolde him (Vrn)61 : Baldelych þis dar I wage, And falshede & his lore weore lest, Þei schulde not dure vn-to a page To werre with trouþe.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)513 : Wagyn [Win: Waion], or leyne a waiowre: Vador.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2445 : They sall wante, or I weende, I wagen [read: wage] myn hevede!
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2967 : I sall wage for that wye all þat I welde Bot I be wroken on that wye.
3.
(a) To engage (sb.), hire, employ; pay wages to (sb.); take (sb.) into domestic service; ?also, bribe (sb.) [quot. 1461]; waged man, a hired man; wel waged, liberally compensated;
(b) to take (sb.) into military service, enlist; hire (soldiers) as mercenaries; also, lease (ships) for use in war [quot. 1417]; waged men, hired soldiers, mercenaries;
(c) to reward (sb.) with his just deserts;—used iron.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)5.192 : Ich dar legge my lyf þat loue wol lene þat [vr. þe] suluer To wage thyne and help wynne þat þow wilnest after.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)193 : It is not resonable neithir conuenient that the necligence of so weel wagid bischopis, preestis, and clerkis schulde be suffrid to be and contynue.
- (1461) RParl.5.478a : The same Margarete and Edward her son…convened with the same Scotts, procuryng, desiring, and wagyng theym to enter into his seid Reame, to make there werre ayenst his Roiall Mageste.
- (1462-3) Paston (EETS)1.115 : Thanne it please my lord…to be remembird whedir it be resonably desired by Will Jenney or by Debenham as his waged man, or for his sake, that Paston shuld leve the possession or the takyng of the profitez of the seid maner.
- (1468) Paston (EETS)1.398 : I haue wagyd for to helpe yow…iiij wel assuryd and trew men.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1354 : Therfore take no man therto But he be wagide…Not bi the monthe…Ne bi the weeke, but bi the daye.
- (a1500) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8559 : And that als well ye playntyffe as ye defender in all maner of playnttes als well of dett as of trespas, and also in pley of lande and als wele wagyd os be fore.
b
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)23.261 : Wol no treserour take hem wages…Bote hij beon nempned in þe numbre of hem þat ben ywaged.
- (1417) in Rymer's Foedera (1709-10)9.436 : The forsayde Frenche Kyng hath I sent to the Cite of Gene and Provynce a gret Soume of Golde, to wagegre [read: wage gre] Schypis [L quo conducant Grandes Naves] and Galeys ent to destruye ȝour Ordinaunce and ȝour Naveye of Ingeland.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)78/8 : Þir wymmen er noble werrayours and wys, and þerfore kynges of oþer rewmes neghe þam wagez þam for to helpe þam in þaire weres.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1615 : Wagge hym wyghte men, and woonde for no siluyre.
- (1463) Statutes Ireland 3p.185 : Pleas it yor moost excellente mageste Roiall to haue notice of the grete ieopartie whiche þe said depute with his kynnesmen and othres his waget men and adherentes with their bodyes & godes stode in.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) Ctn.(Hrl 2261)478 : The hoste of men of Ynglonde comme to gedre, and fresche men wagede for men that were sleyne and woundede.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)23/31 : We come not into this londe as wagid men, ne for no couetyse of golde…but forto helpe this goode man that is so nobill and so fre.
- a1525(?1461) Cov.Leet Bk.319 : Alle these persones folowyng were waged with the Erle of Warrewyk yn his Jorney yn-to the Northe.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.107 : He waged Peightes on hundreth to serue ye kyng.
- a1605(c1471) Arriv.Edw.IV in Camd.1 (Hrl 543)33 : Othar of Kentyshe people…were compelled to send men waged, or to gyve mony wherewith to wage men to goo to the sayd bastards company.
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.2419 : With his swerd…þoruȝ þe brest, & some þoruȝ þe side He percid haþ, and waged hem for euere.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.3362 : Hector bad he shulde goon To þe furies…And þus whan he was wagid for his mede, Anon his broþer…Swiche sorwe made for Epistrophus.
4.
In phrase: ~ bataille, to agree to engage in combat; also, challenge (sb.) to fight [last quot.].
Associated quotations
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2172 : I said þat I sold find a knyght Þat sold…feght with þam al thre; Þus þe batayl wajed we.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)115/7 : Whan I herde hir complayne that she was with hym, magre hir hede, I waged batayle to fyght with hym.
- a1500(c1465) SEChron.(Lamb 306)27 : In the same yere fell grete dissencion be twene the Erle of Derby…and the Erle Marchall…in so myche they waged batayll to have fought with in listes.
- a1500 Add.37075 Gloss (Add 37075)35/160a : Depositor: he that wagythe batayle.
- a1500 Siege Jerus.(2) (Brog 2.1)83/393 : We be stronge inoȝth; I reyde þe wage hyme battayll.
5.
Law In phrase: ~ (his, theire) laue, to defend an action by offering to make an oath, supported by guarantors, of one’s innocence, nonindebtedness, etc.
Associated quotations
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)173 : Ȝif the plee be of such kynde that the lawe may ioyndre, thanne be he that his lawe hath wagyd resceyved in court to doon his lawe hym self the thrydde.
- (1449) RParl.5.146b : The Defendantz in all suche actions grounded upon this Act shal not be receyved to wage thaire lawes.
- (1455) RParl.FA (Walbran)58 : Please it therfore youre highnesse…to graunte…that the same abbot and his successours, ayenst whome eny querele or playnte are…attaymed or taken in eny of the seid courtes or Wapentakes, shall mowe wage theire lawe be their attourney or attourneys…And that they, ther lawe so waged, may do the said law or lawes be a commoyne of the same place…And that all the lawes aforeseid so waged and done, be als effectuall and of such strength in the lawe as if the seid abbot or his successours had doon them in theire propre persones.
- (1456) Paston2.164 : Gunnore hath waged his lawe of þat he hadde his day to wage it of, &c.
- (1467) Ordin.Wor.407 : In accion of trespas…the court shalle suffre them to wage ther lawe.
- a1500 Proc.Chanc.in Archaeol.ser.2.64 : Your seid oratour may not wage his lawe in the seid accyon because of an ordinaunce and a statute.
6.
Refl. to be competent, be able to fend for oneself (= welden v., sense 4.(b)).
Associated quotations
- a1475 Sidrak & B.(LdMisc 559)9284 : Childe þat tendre is and yonge May of this worlde knowe noothynge..Vnto he come to grete age THat he may hymselue wage [Lnsd: welde].