Middle English Dictionary Entry
visāǧe n.
Entry Info
Forms | visāǧe n. Also visaige, visagge, visege, fisage, fiseg(g)e, wisage, (chiefly N) vesa(i)ge, (K) wizage; pl. visages, etc. & visachis, (error) visageþ. |
Etymology | OF visage, visaige; cp. ML vīsāgium. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The face as a region or part of the body; in ~, of sun, wind: getting in (someone’s) eyes; in swink and swete of ~, through bodily exertion, with toil; wel vernished of ~, with face flushed or sweat-dampened from drink;
(b) the face as the aggregate of features, one’s physical appearance or looks; also, one’s coloring, the complexion of the face; knouen bi (in) the ~, to know (sb.) on the basis of his facial features, recognize by sight;
(c) the face as a reflection of character or state of mind, countenance, mien; double (doutous, fals) ~, two visages, a deceptive or hypocritical manner, duplicity, two-facedness; also person. [quot. c1490]; word with two visages, an equivocal or deliberately ambiguous utterance or manner of speaking, dissembling; beren (maken, sheuen) ~, to display or maintain (a certain) demeanor, have (a particular) aspect or manner; casten doun ~, assume a dejected appearance, look glum;
(d) the face as a metonymy for the person or personality, the essential self; the face as a metonymy for conscious awareness, perception, the eyes or faculty of sight; ~ to ~, in person, face to face; biforen (toforen) ~, under (someone’s) gaze, to (someone’s) sight; also, in or into the presence (of sb.), before (sb.); blind ~, sightlessness; in ~, directly (at sb.), in or into (someone’s) eyes; also, within (someone’s) view, face to face (with sb.) [quot. a1470]; casten up the ~, fig. to direct the attention (of one’s heart toward God); hiden ~, conceal (one’s) nature or identity; meten in the ~, confront (enemies) face to face; sheuen ~, reveal (one’s true nature).
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)122/2585 : ‘Who is þis wiþ þe grete visage?’ ‘Sire,’ a sede, ‘hit is me page.’
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)45/29 : Vor oþerhuyl ham miswent þe uisage, þet beuore, behinde.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)14 : Frount, face, et surcils: Forhede, visage, and browes.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2877 : He leyde hym, bare the visage, on the beere.
- (c1390) Chart.Abbey HG (LdMisc 210)344 : In swynke & in swete of þi visage þou schalt eten þi bred.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)91/1 : God…ȝaf to men visagis arerid toward þe sterres.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)824 : Hire…sustur…Smot hire in þe visage.
- ?a1425 Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)28/3 : Þese ben þe partikels off þe visage: þe forhede, þe yȝe liddes, þe yȝen, þe nose-þrilles, þe eres, þe tempels, þe chekes, þe mouþe, and þe chaftes wiþ þe teeþe.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)135/34 : Loke þou sette thy scheltrun in so large place þat þou mowe meve…& haue þe sonne and þe wynde on þy bak and in þin enemyes visage.
- a1450(?1409) Vision Staunton (Roy 17.B.43)61 : Summe of þo spirites had iiii visages…summe had a visage in euery elbowe.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)82/217 : It is goode Also for noli me tangere and in the visagge.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)52/4 : He becam so foule a mezell þat…the fleish of his body and of his visage brake and rotid.
- a1475 Ordin.Househ.Grossetest (Sln 1986)216 : Sytte ȝe euer in the myddul of the hye borde, that youre fysegge and chere be schewyd to alle men.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)22b/a : Þe front…is propirly compouned of two parties…wiþouteforþ of a fleischi partie þat is a part of þe visage, and wiþinne of a bony part þat is a parti of þe coronal scolle boon.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.JHare (LdMisc 683)27 : This knave be…Ful pale dronken, weell vernysshed of visage.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)228/26 : Tho that haue grete visachys and fleschy bene dysposyd to concupyscence of fleschy lustes.
- a1500 Hrl.1002 Gloss.(Hrl 1002)626 : Facies: vesayge.
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)95 : Men spytt yn hys vysage.
b
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)1948 : He þouȝt þat his lord, wiþ þe foule visage, Hadde ben a man of heiȝe parage.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1079 : Ys Fysage al discolourid was, for is blod was gon away.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.628 : Hoot he was…With scaled browes blake and piled berd; Of his visage children were aferd.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4224 : A kniȝth þere was þat hiȝth Parsage, Þat Alisaunder knew in þe visage.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)178 : Þenne verez ho vp her fayre frount, Hyr vysayge whyt as playn yuore.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3707 : Hir bothe sonys…wer like her fader of visage.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4496 : A Rympled vekke…Frownyng and yelowe in hir visage…in a wayte lyth day and nyght.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)585 : The Kyng biholdez þe vesage free, And euer more trowed hee Þat þe childe scholde bee Sir Percyuell son.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)105/14 : Ther is no man in al this world that he shulde haue dred to loke vpon his visage, so oryble and foul it is.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)50/11 : Þe grettest mervayle & fayrest þing þat evur God made in leste rowme…was þe dyuersitye & fayrnes of a mans vysage.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1072/32 : He myght have slayne them, but whan he saw their visages, hys herte myght nat serve hym thereto.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)90/16 : Balan…put of the helme of his broder, and myght not knowe hym by the vysage, it was so ful hewen and bledde.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)123/471 : She is a woman of longe stature, the fayrest in fayrnes, bewte, and favor in visage þat ever God mad.
- a1500 Diseases Women(3) (Yale-M 47)29/53 : Som tymes þey wax wannysche yn hyre visage.
c
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2985 : With a sad visage he siked stille.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2899 : By the sorweful visage of a man, that is to seyn, by the sory and heuy contenaunce of a man, the fool correcteth and amendeth hym self.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1420 : We may wel make cheere and good visage.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4637 : Þat es sene in his visage, Man has him don to gret vtrage.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.308 : Boldely þei bed bataile with visage fulle austere.
- (1402) Hoccl.Cupid (Hnt HM 744)94 : Where-as they nat likly been to speede Swiche as they been, with a double visage They procuren for to pursue hir neede.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3310 : Fortune…made þis viage, With forhed pleyn and false visage.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.899 : But if Calkas lede us with…double wordes slye, Swiche as men clepen a word with two visages, Ye shal wel knowen that I naught ne lie.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.1.58 : Thou hast now knowen and ateynt the doutous or double visage of thilke blynde goddesse Fortune.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3055 : With vesage verteuous this valyante bierne Meles to hir myldly with full meke wordes.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)56/13 : Thou scholdist schewe a glad visage to thi pepill.
- a1450(?c1405) Lerne bodyly (Dgb 102)62 : Þouȝ þou be of feble fame, Bere good visage.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)1367 : Fortune…a-boute baar dowble visage; I wende sche hadde ben swiche as sche semed.
- c1450(c1390) Chaucer Ven.(Benson-Robinson)29 : Now certis, Love…men ful dere bye thy nobil thing, As…doun to caste visage and lokyng, Often to chaunge hewe and contenaunce.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)3/19 : There be such men that lyethe and makithe good visage and countenaunce to women afore hem, that scornithe and mockithe hem in her absence.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)307 : Freris…froþen bi irose fisege aȝen men þat tellen hem treuþe.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)155/29 : The prelates and counseillours speken with ij visages [CQ(2): vndir the semblaunce of two visagis].
- c1490 Hit is ful harde (Hnt HM 144)2 : Double visage loketh oute of euery hood.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10721,10724 : For þi bak is ne [read: he] not a-dradde, But for þi visage wole he stinte…And þerfore þogh þou drede thi foo, Wiþ stoute visage bi him come and goo.
d
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)201/11-12 : Vorzoþe efter þe dyeaþe ine paradis hi ssollen yzy him al aperteliche wizage to visage.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.720 : This olde man gan looke in his visage.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)5887 : He hydde hys vysege al þat he myȝt…Noþeles þey behelde hym more And knew hym weyl.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)19632 : I hat ihesus of nazarene…Lo, now, I shew þe my visage.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)1 Thes.3.10 : We ioyeþ for ȝow to-foren oure God, preyenge boþe nyȝt & day þat we sen ȝoure vysage.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1838 : Of youre herte up casteth the visage To thilke God that after his ymage Yow made.
- a1425(c1400) 5 Wits (Hrl 2398)15/32 : Þe deuel ne dar neuere apere ne schewe himself byfore a mannes visage in his owen lykenesse.
- a1425 Here begynnes a new (Roy 17.C.17)315 : In Hys nakyd wysage sal al be sene.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.6.59 : This fre man boot of his owene tonge, and caste it in the visage of thilk wode tyraunt.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.7.23 : Poliphemus, wood for his blynde visage, yald to Ulixes joye by his sorwful teres.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)5.1127 : With Affricanys & folkis of Cartage, Siphax the Romeyns mette in the visage.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1983 : Sir Valyant of Vyleris…Before þe knygez visage made siche avowez To venquyse by victorie the vescownte of Rome.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)9/3 : Þe horse…bi-helde Alexander in þe vesage langly.
- (1448) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1379 : They wol answere before the blessed and dredeful visage of our lord Jhesu.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)14.590 : Whanne they weren past that passage, Anon the whyte knyght was to-forn here visage.
- c1450(1438) GLeg.St.Nich.(GiL2)(Eg 876)56/22 : By what foly or misauenture hast thou be consentaunt to so gret a felonie and now durst loke us in the visage?
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)68 : The Pardoner…lokid hir in the visage paramour a-myddis.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)36/23 : Ever the eleven kyngis and the oste was ever in the visage of Arthure…but at the laste they were dryven abacke over a litill ryver.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)34/184 : Caym: Alas, alas, whedyr may I go? I dare nevyr se man in þe vesage.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.42 : It hadde be said longe in oolde vsage: A true man woll not hide his visage.
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton:EETS)102/535 (f.67rb) : Goo pesibly into thy hous. Loo, I haue herde thy voys and I haue honoured thy visage [L (Vulg.1 Kings 25.35): honoravi faciem tuam].
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton)f.72rb : Job my seruaunt shal praye for you, I shal receyue hys prayer & shal take hys vysage [WB(2): Y schal resseuye his face; L (Vulg.Job 42.8): faciem eius suscipiam].
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)441 : Whan the worthi men saugh thei were putte bakke, thei were a-schamed…Than thei assembled and mette hem in the visages.
2.
(a) The image of a human face; the representation of the king’s face on a coin [quot. ?c1435]; also, the face of a statue or an idol; (b) the reflection of (one’s) face; also in fig. context.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)48.27/7 : Test de Turt…Þat hed schal beon blake adressed oþe manere of hier of wymmon on an blake dische, & monnes visage abouen.
- c1460(?c1435) Lydg.Let.Glo.(Hrl 2255)30 : Sol and Luna were clypsyd of ther liht, Ther was no cros, nor preent of no visage…Oonly for lak and scarsete of coignage.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)162 : Þat worliche wif…Haþ his visage in hir veil, Veronyk ȝo hatte, Peynted priuely & playn.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4939 : I wil…that…that ymage to be set just ageyn the peleer…his visage toward the Savyour.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)2413 : What thyng is wors than yeve the souereynte Of your handwerk to forged, fals ymages…ye calle ay tofore ther ded visages.
b
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)198/23 : Holi writ seiþ: As uisageþ [vr. visages] semeþ of hem þat loken in wateres, so hertis of men ben opened to slie men.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)3362 : Þe thrid was a Topas…who-someuer in þat ilke hys vysage behaldes, Þe face is to þe foldward þe fete into þe welkyn.
3.
(a) A form, an image; (b) a semblance, guise, false face; fals ~, a mask.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1784 : Thei ne scholden no lif save…Ne wif, ne child of that thei finde, Which berth visage of mannes kinde.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)1971 : I made mon ofter myne awen visage.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)97/19-20 : Visages and figures of this worlde her benethe be subgectis to the visages and to the figuracions of the hevyn aboue.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)158/21 : Nou is hit a wel grat grace of god…onderstonde wel þe speches alle of þe dyeule and knawe wel alle þe uisages.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4046 : Salomon…Whan he the temple made newe…broghte up thanne of his taillage, And al was under the visage Of werkes whiche he made tho.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)124 (1st occurrence) : That oon sat muselled with a fauce visage, and so she hadde hid hire foorme and hire visage that no man shulde see hire.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)13092 : I sawh…Venus…And in hyr hand a ffals vysage I sawh hyr bern…To-fforn hyr Eyen.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)157/1 : Ofte tymes verite hath a vysage of lesynge.
4.
(a) The face or surface of the earth or an astronomical body;
(b) the face of an equatory of planets;
(c) ?the visor of a helmet.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.742 : The Mones cercle so lowe is, Whereof the Sonne out of his stage Ne seth him noght with full visage…So that the Mone…may noght fully schyne cler.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.2.40 : The yeer hath eek leve to apparaylen the visage of the erthe, now with floures, and now with fruyt.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.5.15 : The mone derk and confus discovereth the sterres that sche hadde covered by hir clere vysage.
b
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)24/1,8 : For the composicioun of the Epicicle for the visage of thyn equatorie, thow shalt make a cercle of metal…& ley it euene vp on the visage of thin equatorie.
c
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)408 : He lyfte vpe his vesage [Dc: viser] fro þe ventalle.
5.
As surname.
Associated quotations
- (1278) Pat.R.Edw.I277 : William Visage.
- a1400(1337) Court R.Ambree in Archaeol.Cant.29118 : Stephanus Visage.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. visage.