Middle English Dictionary Entry
bisī adj.
Entry Info
Forms | bisī adj. Also (early) bisiȝ, besi, busi. Comp. bisīer, (early) bisegur; sup. bisegæst. |
Etymology | OE bisig |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
Of persons: engaged or involved in an activity, occupied; fully occupied, busy; preoccupied; for ~, for being preoccupied; ~ inough, busy enough, hard put.
Associated quotations
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)22a : Þus ha beoð bisie i Þis fule meoster, y eiðer wið oþer striueð.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)49a : Secnesse is þi goldsmið..se þe secnesse is mare, se þe goltsmið is bisgre [Nero: bisegure].
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)226 : Zaynte pauel wyþnimþ þe yonge wyfmen wodewen, þet were ydele and bysye to guonne an to comene ganglinde.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1708 : Burnes were busy, bestes to hulde.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.453 : Þe Est ȝate..was so hevy of sound bras þat twenty men were besy i-now for to tende it.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.321,322 : Nowher so bisy a man as he ther nas; And yet he semed bisier than he was.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.474 : Desir to haue commendacioun..of the peple hath caused deth to many a bisy man.
- c1390 NHom.Virg.to Devil (Vrn)104 : And beo bisy in hire seruys.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.1029 : He gan to calle Grisilde, as she was bisy in his halle.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1560 : The yongest man..Is bisy ynow to bryngen it aboute To han his wyf allone.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12403 : Quen iesus him sagh sa bese [vrr. bisy, besi] be Abute þis vngainand tre.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)14089 : Martha was hosewif sikerly, Aboute her seruyse ful bisy.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3902 : Whan he Alisaunder besy seeþ..He took a launce [etc.].
- (1421) Let.War France in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk I & K)83/10 : Whils we were besy to entende therto, come tidinges vnto us.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)11a/a : Cadabundus: bysy fallinge.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)174 : Beryn s and byrdes are besye the a-bowte.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3630 : The bolde kynge es in a barge and abowtte rowes, All bare-heuvede for besye.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)44.446 : I hope..we scholen hem fynden most besy.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10388 : Þe kyng..Hurt hym full hidusly..Þat bisi was þe buerne to bide in his sadill.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)340 : Noþer of hem myȝt fram oþer ascape For besy of fyȝt.
2.
Diligent, assiduous; devoted (to a task or duty), industrious.
Associated quotations
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)63/17 : Binihte ouh ancre uorte beon..bisi [Corp-C: bisiliche] abuten gostliche biȝete.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1491 : The bisy larke, messager of day, Salueth in hir song the morwe gray.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.353 : He made hym [Plato] so besy to fynde þe solucioun of þe questioun, and so he deide.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2422 : For ay as bisy as bees Ben they, vs sely men for to deceyue.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)277a/b : No þyng is more busy & witty þan þe hound..houndes..defendeþ þe houses of here lordes..and renneþ to take pray.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)201 : Ilk cristen man..Suld be bughsom ay, and bysy To here and lere of þam..Þat understands.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)7b/a : Assiduus: bysi: curiosus.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.57 : Men shulden on holy daye be bisye to make good preieris.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)37 : Bysy: Assiduus, solicitus, jugis.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)36 : To þe bigging of þis, þe prest howiþ to trauel, and to be bisi, to ding doun of þe contrari.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)27/4 : Sone, it is forto wille, chese, and be bisie forto knowe..alle þo trouþis.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)58 : To be more ware off doinge amys & to be more besye abovte þeir werke & youris.
3.
(a) Intent (upon sth.), desirous, eager; (b) of warriors: eager to fight, bold.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)94/13 : Oft bið þeo sawle on ane þinge oððe on ane þohte swa bisiȝ, þat heo ne ȝemeð [etc.].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.953 : Mi will..is besi nyht and day, To lerne al that he lerne may.
- (1422) Doc.Brewer in Bk.Lond.E.144/111 : Þe malt was of soche pris þat ȝer þat þei were besy to leven.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1233 : Þe world es ful of mysdoers..þe whilk er bisy..To nuye men.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)4253 : He sal ogayn God ryse..And afforce hym and be bysy, His laghe to chaunge.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4275 : I pray God yeve him evel chaunce, That he ever so bisy is Of ony womman to seyn amys!
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)3/1 : Þer are more besy for to disherite here neyghbores.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)196/30 : So fierce & so besy for to putten all the world vnder his subiectioun.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)487/225 : His bragge and his boste is he besie to bid vs.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)1265 : She wel understod That I..was so besy hyr to serve.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)103 : My besy gost, that thursteth alwey newe To seen this flour.
- a1475 Oure fader in heuen (Rwl B.408)75 : The worlde is besy us for to blynne.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)5303 : Gusare is now as besy as he may, To do that he had promys[!] before.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)245 : Late vs be euer besye to plese god.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)222 : He and frelent were besy to smyte of his heed.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6402 : Moni bisi kempen, Þeo fihten wið þone duke al þene dæi longe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10476 : Þat wes þe bisegæste mon..of nane quike monne næuede he care nænne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26154 : & wenden of Brutaine bisie men & kene þurh ut Normandie.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1423 : xxx busy burnes, barounes ful bolde.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2321 : William..seie breme burnes busi in ful briȝt armes, brandissende wiþ gret bost.
4.
Solicitous, attentive; concerned; anxious, fearful, worried.
Associated quotations
- a1150(c1125) Vsp.D.Hom.Fest.Virg.(Vsp D.14)15/11 : Martha, Martha, þu eart bisig and gedrefd on feale þingan.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)36/21 : Ich am..se bisi ham a-buten, þet summesweis ha schulen ham..sulen.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)588 : Þat burde was euer hire bi, busy hire to plese.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2442 : Swich stryf ther is bigonne..Bitwixe Venus..And Mars..That Iuppiter was bisy, it to stente.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)8.103 : I schal sese of my sowynge..Ne aboute my lyflode so bisy beo no more!
- (c1390) Chart.Abbey HG (LdMisc 210)353 : Wiste ȝe not..þat I most be besy abouȝten my fadres nedys?
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.603 : As bisy in seruyse And eek in loue, as she was wont to be, Was she to hym in euery maner wise.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.108 : Me bihoued..Be bisi in mi fader needes.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)7.125 : We shulde nouȝt be to bisy aboute þe worldes blisse.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)1 Kings 9.5 : Lest perauenture my fadre..be bysie [WB(2): bisy; L sollicitus] for vs.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1381 : Tho besy wrecches, ful of wo and drede.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)185 : And er bysy in wille and thoght To lere þat þe saul helpes noght.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5294 : If men his freend to deth wolde drive, Lat hym be bisy to save his lyve.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.384 : Men shulden not be besie aboute her fode and hilyng.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)p.66 : Y am a begger & pore: þe lord is bisi of me.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)33b/a : It is good to be besy and to chaunge it ofte.
- ?c1430(c1400) Rule & T.St.Francis(1) (Corp-C 296)40 : Be þe freris..war, þat þei be not bisi of here temporal goodis.
- c1440(?c1350) Mirror St.Edm.(4) (Thrn)26/19 : He es besy abowte oure hele.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)4095 : Take no tente vnto me..Bes besy one my baners.
- a1475(1450) Scrope DSP (Bod 943)142/22 : An impe newe plantede, the whiche berith his fruitee soone or late, after that men be besie to gouerne it.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10388 : Þe kyng..harmyt hym sore, þat bisi was þe buerne to bide in his sadill.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4436 : Be noȝt aferde..Na noȝt our bysy be.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)29 : Besy: argumentosus, anxius, assiduus, attentus, procliuus, procliuis, diligens, freque[n]s, instans, intentus, jndustris, jugis, sollicitus, solicitudinarius, studiosus, solers, efficax, vigilans, ardens, perseuerans, occupatus, officiosus, sedulus, susspensus.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)476 : Herfore seiþ crist..þat men shulden not be bisi to þe morowe.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)47/18 : Hys best frendes ben besy forto put yn þe erþe, and hyde hym þer.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)99/18 : He was so byssy about to kepe the hoste, that ofte he lefte Slepe al the nyght.
5.
Of activities or conditions: (a) active, busy (life); vigorous (fighting); persistent (negotiations); (b) constant, vigorous (effort); don ~ peine, take pains; urgent (matter, request, etc.); (c) constant, diligent (attention, care); constant, devout (prayer, contemplation, etc.); (d) careful (calculation, speech); (e) continual, severe (sorrow, suffering); (f) anxious, solicitous (heart, manner); ~ dred, deep anxiety, worry; (g) ~ casting, continual vomiting; ~ wordes, superfluous talk, gossip; (h) ~ molding, elaborate, ornate molding.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2193 : He ferde ouer Scotte water..& mid bisie [Otho: busie] ifihte Brut lond heo wolden iwinnen.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1508 : In myrthe al nyght a bisy lyf they lede.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)90/17 : With worldly occupacion and bysy oure, whech longeth on-to prelates.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)167/12 : Aftur mani respites of deliberacion..& a bisi tretinge I-made bitwene hem.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.1764 : He made a besi haste And hath assembled him an host.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1568 : To done his besy peyne.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.355 : He fayned That other besy nedes hym destrayned.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.21/16 : How moche yn withstandynge may oure besy purpos prevayle?
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.859 : Ye bysy prayers of ye archebisshopp.
- (?a1430) Hoccl.MG (Hnt HM 111)108 : Do your bysy peyne To wasshe away our cloudeful offense.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)introd.4 : Thy besy praier..to lerne the tretys of the Astrelabie.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)68 : To make hym chere they dede ther besy payn.
- a1525 Conq.Irel.(Dub 592)104/14 : Throgh bysy besechynge of the erle.
c
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2853 : Duc Theseus, with al his bisy cure, Caste now wher that the sepulture..may best ymaked be.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.509 : With besy herte to poursuie Thing which that is to love due.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2445 : After þe hert so priked I my stede..with a ful besy þouȝt.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5719 : With besy attendaunce To a-waite on hir.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)1/10 : Þat þu aske of hym, wid besy prayer, alle gude thing..to be perfytely endid.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)11 : Besy meditacioun..of the blessid lyf of Jesu stableth the soule.
- c1450 De CMulieribus (Add 10304)1663 : Whan she hadd doon all hir besy cure To the dede corps.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)362 : By bissy study and contemplacyon.
- c1425 Wycl.Antichr.(2) (Dub 245)p.cxlvi : Crist wole þat men knowen hise prestis by kepyng of hise lawe..& bi her bisy praier.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)65/26 : Men oghte wyth byse prayers bysek þe heghe destynour.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.132 : Word is noght, Bot gif thy werk and all thy besy cure Accord thereto.
d
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)313 : Al his bysi studious eloquens.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)13 : After the bysi computacion of the Hebrewis, this Methusale schuld a leved xiiii ȝere after the Flood.
e
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2320 : That al hir hote loue..And al hir bisy torment..Be queynt.
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)25 : My grief and bisy smert.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)89 : Fulfyld of thought and busy hevynesse.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer Pity (Benson-Robinson)2 : With herte soore, and ful of besy peyne.
f
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1779 : With face pale of drede and bisy thoght.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.189 : Pensifhed and inward besy drede.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.274 : And loked on hire in a bysi wyse.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1645 : I am evere agast, forwhy men rede That love is thyng ay ful of bisy drede.
g
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)58 : Ine þo ydele wordes me zeneȝeþ..yef hi spekþ bisye wordes [etc.].
- ?a1450 Arderne LW (Em 69)114 : With constypacione of the wombe & besy castyng.
h
- (1448) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1370 : I wol that the edificacion of my same College procede in large fourme..settyng a parte superfluite of too gret curious werkes of entaille and besy moldyng.