Middle English Dictionary Entry
twisten v.
Entry Info
Forms | twisten v. Also twist(e, tuisten, (early SWM) tweast; p. twist(e, tueste, (SWM) tuaste; ppl. twisted, twist(e. |
Etymology | Prob. from twist n.; for sense 4. also cp. MDu. twisten. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To squeeze (sb.); squeeze (sb. by the hand); (b) to constrain (sb.), bind; (c) to torment (sb., the heart), oppress, press upon; (d) ?to writhe, turn; ? = (c) without obj.
Associated quotations
a
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)63 : So harde he him tuaste [vr. prest] That thre ribbes in him to-barste.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2005 : She taketh hym by the hand and harde hym twiste [vrr. twist, tueste; þruste]..secrely.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)211/14 : Þe oþer half ȝer feasten al bute sunne dahes ane, hwen ȝe beoð in heale & i ful strengðe, ah riwle ne tweast nawt seke ne blodletene.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1769 : Hertes colde, hem wolde I that he twiste To make hem love.
c
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.566 : I so loued hym..That if..any thyng hym smerte..Me thoughte I felte deeth myn herte twiste.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.494 : Ther was no wight saue god and he that wiste In many wise how soore I hym twiste [vr. twist].
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.254 : The furie and al the rage, Which that his herte twiste [vr. twyst] and faste threste, By lengthe of tyme somwhat gan aswage.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1129 : So gan the peyne hire hertes for to twiste That neyther of hem other myghte grete.
- c1490 Comp.Our Lady (Hnt HM 144)180/34 : Þe wykkyd Iewis toke Crist Ihesu..and..They twist hym & pullyd hym be þe here of his hede & pluckyd hym be the here of his berde.
d
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)213 : Ech man..þe lichame, þe sholde ben þe soule hihtliche bure, makeð hire to ateliche quarterne and þer inne neure [?read: innen eure] twisteð mid ouerdede and untimliche drinche, þat hire beoð wo þat hie sal þer-inne wunien.
2.
(a) To be forked or bifurcated, be divided;—used fig.: be torn, as between contrary desires; ppl. twisted, forked, furcate, pinnate, divided into prongs or points; naut. twisting line, a rope forming part of the rigging of a sailing vessel [= twist-line, s.v. twist n. 4.]; (b) ?to split or wrench apart (the air).
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)159/17 : Yef þe onderstondigge is wrong, oþer yef hy tuysteþ [Vices & V.(2): be..forked], oþer wyþwent..al þe inwyt ssel by þiestre.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)159/24 : Þe onderstondinge..tuysteþ ine tuo huanne me wylneþ of one half to god: and of oþerhalf to þe wordle.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)203/10 : Alle þese [teeth]..ben somdel forked and twisted [L furcati] but diuersliche, For..þe foreteþ hauen but on litil forke and twist and on rote; Canini, þe grinders, hauen þre forkes oþir foure.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)209/3 : Þe tonges of addres ben..scharp and swift in meuynge for þe wood humour and venemous þat meueþ þe tonge so swiftliche so þat on tonge semeþ iforked and twistid.
- c1400 Daniel *Herbal (Arun 42)f.44v : The litle ben is growyng in buskys in wode contres, neuer mor gret tre but as prympe tre or litel mor, & euery branche twysted & leuyd, mykel lyk þe twystis of valeryan, & frut fayr red as hulfur frut or red coral & pluskys as hawe pluskys.
- (1408-9) in Sandahl ME Sea Terms 2126 : ij Twistynglynes ponder' xxix lb.
b
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)775 : Soun ys noght but eyr ybroken..For whan a pipe is blowen sharpe, The air ys twyst [vr. twyste] with violence And rent.
3.
(a) To take (someone's virginity); also, convert (sb. from idolatry); ben twisted, be snatched; also, escape, depart; ben twisted up; (b) to prune (a tree) [cp. twister n.].
Associated quotations
a
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)3318 : With þat word fro hem is he twist; Thei folowed after.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)3966 : Seynt Poule..oute of þe world sodeynly he was twist [Vulg.2 Cor.12.2: raptum] Vp onto heuene, & he himselue nyst Wheithir his body was þere or nowt.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)1.103 : Seynt Mark..preched so there þat hem [?read: he hem] alle twyste [rime: cryste] ffro alle here mavnmentrie and her fals lawe.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)2.866 : I haue no lyst That oony man my maydenhod shuld twyst.
b
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)132b : To twyst: Defrondo.
4.
To twist (yarn) into thread, twine.
Associated quotations
- (1471) Acc.Howard in RC 57551 : Alys Haweryng hat spowne and cardyd and twystyd tweyntey pownde of ȝerne fore the aras man.