Middle English Dictionary Entry
twentī num.
Entry Info
Forms | twentī num. Also twentie, twentti, tweinti, th(e)wenti, twinti, twonti(e, tuenti(e, (in rime) tuent & (early) twentig, (Orm.) twenntiȝ, (gen.) twentiȝe, twentiȝa & (in place name) twentẹ̄ & (error) tuewty. For forms teuenty, twety, qwenti see LALME 4.271-2. |
Etymology | OE twēntig, tuēntig, (Nhb.) twoegentig, tuoentig; for forms in -i- and -ei- cp. OFris. twintich, tweintich. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
Cardinal number as adj.: twenty; also, ?of or pertaining to the number twenty [quot. ?c1475]; ~ and mo, over twenty (hunting dogs), a large number of.
Associated quotations
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1127 : Heom þuhte þæt þær mihte wel ben abuton twenti oðer þritti horn blaweres.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)51 : Tuenti gode scipen he guðliche fulde.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)348 : Þu most habbe redi mitte Twenti mart [read: marc] ine þi slitte.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)700 : Wel richelich he dubbed Gij & wiþ him felawes tventi.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)47/10 : Þe wylnynge..doþ more þanne tuenti zennes yne þe daye.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2149 : Aboute his chaar ther wente white alauntz Twenty and mo, as grete as any steer.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20058 : Sant edmund o ponteni Dais o pardun þam gis tuenti.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2112 : Trawe ȝe me þat trwely, þaȝ ȝe had twenty lyues to spende..Aȝayn his dyntez sore ȝe may not yow defende.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.126 : I be-gan of this translacioun..Whan twenty grees was Phebus altitude.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1407 : Goddes speken in amphibologies; And for o soth, they tellen twenty [vr. tweynty] lyes.
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)1b : Yf þu haue ten folys or twelue or twenti..departe hem in thre.
- a1475 Limn.Bks.(Brog 2.1)76 : To make gume, take the whyte of xx egges, and make clere gleyre of heme, etc.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)132a : Twenty..vicenarius.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.175 : On man schal han mor dremys þan som twenty oþir.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)51/26 : In the formyst was Reymond with twonty knyghtes.
1b.
In phrases and combs.: (a) ~ sithes, ~ time(s, twenty times;—used adverbially; also, in expressions of multiplication: seven (sixtene, etc.) sith ~, seven (sixteen, etc.) times twenty (gates, ships, etc.); (b) ~ cubite gret, twenty cubits long, thirty feet long; ~ daies yong, a twenty days' journey; ~ fot worm, ?a millipede; ~ fot of brede, twenty feet in width; (c) in adv. constructions: ~ fadme(s in (of, on) brede, for about one hundred and twenty feet in width; ~ mile and mo, over twenty miles in distance; ~ spere lengthe, as high as the length of twenty spears; ~ winter (passed, for (the past) twenty years; ~ yer, for a period of twenty years; also, within a twenty-year period [last quot.]; at ~ daies ende, at the end of twenty days; in) ~ daies, for a period of twenty days; on) ~ fot on heighte, to a height of twenty feet; (d) in expressions of age: ~ winter age, a) ~ winter olde, of ~ yer(es of age, of ~ yer of elde, of) ~ yer olde, twenty years of age, twenty years old; (e) ~ pounde (of) weghte; ~ pounde worth lond, a quantity of land valued at twenty pounds; twentiȝe scillinga iwighte, the weight of twenty shillings; (f) in oaths and exclamations: a ~ devel wei (name), in ~ devel (develes) wei, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1070 : Ða com Turold abbot & æhte siþe twenti Frencisce men mid him & ealle full wepnode.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)554 : Sixtene siðe tuenti scipen tuhten from hauene.
- a1300(c1250) Floris (Vit D.3)208 : Ate walle þer beþ..Seuesiþe tuenti ȝate.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3385 : Twenty tyme by vpon a rowe A-swoune she fille vnto þe grounde lowe.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)504 : Twenty tymys: Vigesies [Win: Vigecies; aduerb].
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)52/29 : Than the payne schewyd agayne to my felynge, and than the ioye..the tane & nowe the tothere dyverse tymes, I suppose abowte twentye sythes.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)129/1139 : From þeonne as heo deide twenti dahene ȝong, ant ȝet ma.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1184/31 : Þe dracon is twenty cubite greet [L viginti cubitorum magnitudine] and bredeþ among þe Ethiops.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)20563 : Kyng arthur comes and him sais Anoþer stagne forsoȝ kneu he Noght fer fra in þe same contre, Bot twontie fote of brede to ame.
- ?a1500 Lndsb.Nominale (Lndsb)766/28 : Multipes: a tuentifot-wurme.
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1894 : Forr þatt wass o þe fifte daȝȝ Att twenntiȝ daȝhess ende Off Marrch, þatt Sannte Marȝe warrþ Off Haliȝ Gast wiþþ childe.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)137/14 : He [devil] leop up & rad hire baðe dei & niht twenti ȝer [Pep: twenty wynter] fulle.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1448 : Tuenti winter hafde Bladud þas kine-lond an hond æfter his fader Ruhhudibras.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)52/178 : Þe Abbeye of Schaftesburi..fram þe toun of waraygne is twenti Mile and mo.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)264/135 : Frere Zosime..wente forth þene wei toward the flum Iordan..feor he wende and longue..Twenti daiȝes þar-inne he ȝeode.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5267 : Tventi winter he was king ar he were ded.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)239/21 : Þe maister ascede ine hou long time; he anwuerede, 'ine tuenti daȝes.'
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2607 : Vp spryngen speres twenty [vr. on twenty] foot on highte.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2916 : Twenty fadme of [vrr. xxti fadmes in, twenty faþome on] brede the armes straughte.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)622/9 : Þe female sit on broode on þe eyren..twenty dayes.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.282 : Þe Brus Roberd was Scottis kyng Wele tuenti ȝere.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1383 : Þe borȝ watz so brod..Wyth koynt carneles above..Troched toures bitwene, twenty spere lenþe.
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)111 : xxti wyntir past continuelly Excesse at borde hath leyd his knyf wt me.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)11 : For two yere a tresorier, twenty wyntre aftre May lyue a lord-is life, as leued men tellen.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.188 : So in caas he schulde happyn to ben aboutyn syngynge of a trentel ten ȝer or twenty ȝer, þer he myȝte euery ȝer syngyn hys anuel.
d
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)259 : He shulden him ghod fey beren..Til þat þe kinges dowter wore Tuenti winter hold and more.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.82 : With hym ther was his sone a yong squyer..Of twenty yeer of age [vr. of xx ȝeres of age] he was I gesse.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4170 : Sche yaf him drinke a drauhte of which his youthe ayein he cauhte His hed, his herte, and his visage Lich unto twenty wynter Age.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.600 : He was, I trowe, twenty wynter oold [vrr. a twenty wynter oold; tuewty winter olde].
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)78 : Yong was this quene, of twenty yer of elde [vr. of xxti yere eld].
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)72/26 : Ȝe were twenty ȝere olde.
e
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)5/13-14 : Nim litargio twentiȝe scillinga ȝewyht and niwes limes twentiȝa scillinga ȝewihte.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2520 : He hath a sparth of twenty pound of wighte [vr. xxti pounde wight].
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.683 : I haue a sone and..I hadde leuere than twenty pound worth lond..He were a man of swich descrecioun.
f
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)104/2164 : He..bad hir go..On alder twenti deuel wai.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3713 : Go forth thy wey..And lat me slepe, a twenty deuelwey.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)162 : Shet ȝoure portoos, a twenty deuelway.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2177 : A twenty devel-wey the wynd hym dryve!
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)792 : Þou lett me noght of my rest, In twentty deuell way.
- a1450 Loke er þin herte (Sln 2593)p.271 : Madenys..be bothe fals and fekyl..A twenty deuele name, let hem goo!
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)21/439 : We! com downe, in twenty dwill way! The dwill I the betake!
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)51/219 : Come in wiffe, in twentye devylles waye, or ells stand there withowte.
2.
Cardinal number as noun: (a) twenty men, twenty friends, twenty knights, etc.; ten other ~, between ten and twenty monks; bi ~ and bi ten, bi ten bi ~, in indefinitely large numbers; two wane of ~, two years short of twenty, twenty years less two, eighteen years; (b) twenty as an abstract number; (c) used adverbially: twenty times [cp. quot. 1440 in sense 1b.(a)].
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)5/31 : In þis ilke burh wes wuniende a meiden swiðe ȝung of ȝeres, twa wone of twenti.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)28/7 : Segge..'Benedicamus do, Anime fidelium'; for euensong, twenti; for euch oðer tide segge fiftene.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1692 : [Þ]irtti cnihten, hit nis me noht iqueme; Do we awai þane twenti, a tene beoð inohȝe.
- a1350 Flem.Insur.(Hrl 2253)14 : Take we þe bailifs bi tuenty ant by tene, clappe we of the heuedes an-ouen o þe grene.
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)455 : Þer come to Clarice maidenes lepe, Bi ten, be twenti, in one hepe.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2641 : The stronge kyng Emetrius..by the force of twenty is he take.
- c1390 In worschupe (Vrn)32 : I trowe þer weore twenti a-ȝeynes on..Þat with monnes gult was fordon—But of wimmen comeþ þis worldes wele.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)12576 : Þere y dyd but one or two [sins], Y wulde haue do twenty and mo.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)16906 : Þe prince..went to þat monument And sperd it wit a mikel stan; to turn i-nogh had tuent.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)759 : If þat twenty be trwe, I tene hem no more.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)20/20 : Yef þe hus be ouyr-litel, summe sal lie in a-noþir huse, ten ouþir tuenty.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)34/21 : Þis halle were fulfillid of þis kyngis freendis, but oon benche aloone, þat to twenti were mete.
b
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1360/4 : Ten is þe firste articulus And þe nexte is twenty.
- ?c1400 Sloane SSecr.(Sln 213)17/15 : If twenti, or one and twenti, þan longes it to þe Sagittari.
- ?c1425 Craft Number.(Eg 2622)22/22 : Take 2 [read: 12] out of twenty & þere schal leue 8.
c
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)132a : Twenty..vicesies.
3.
Ordinal number: (a) as adj.: twentieth; (b) as noun: the twentieth day, the twentieth division of troops.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400 Wycl.LAChurch (Dub 244)p.xxxv : As Daviþ seiþ þe on & twenty Salme: Ego sum vermis & non homo.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)6/1 : Þe twenty chapitre: How Al-miȝty God wil goodly answere for alle.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.3.33 : Tho loked I doun upon myn est orizonte and fond there the 20 degre of Geminis ascendyng.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)132a : Twenty: vicesimus..vicenus.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)21 : Within my twenty yere of age [F Ou vintiesme an de mon aage] Whan that loue taketh his corage Of yonge folke, I went soone To bedde.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.693 : Zantipus..Hadde to kepe..On Grekis side þe nyntenþe warde, And þe twenty..Hadde þe kyng callid Amphimacus.
- a1500 Maysters that (BodAdd A.106)40 : Twa [unlucky days] er in Iuly: The fyftend & þe twynty.
4.
In compound numbers: (a) as cardinal number: ~ and six, four (nin, on, etc.) and ~; ~ score (hundred, thousand, thousandes); on hundred and five and ~, o thousand and nin and ~, etc.; bi ~ thousandfold, by twenty thousand times; of a ~ yer and thre, twenty-three years old; (b) as ordinal number: on (five, etc.) and ~, one (five, etc.) and twentieth, twenty-first (twenty-fifth, etc.); on god fri-dai ~ and five, on Good Friday the twenty-fifth, specif. March 25.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.675 : Ðas writ seonde seo papa Agatho & an hundred & fif & twenti biscopes bi Wilfrid ærcebiscop of Eoferwic to Engla lande.
- a1150(?OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)133/22 : Se king Ælfred manega bec þurh Godes gast gedyhte; & binnen twam & twentig gearen his cynerices þiss eorðlice lif forlet.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)7676 : Ȝho wass sextiȝ winnterr ald & fowwre & twenntiȝ þanne.
- a1275(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Trin-C B.14.39)132/632 : So longe he [scornful man] uole be bi, he uole brinhin on 7 tuenti to nout.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13388 : Heom biwakeden a þere nihte twenti hundred cnihten.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)716 : Aftur eiȝte and twenti dawes, fourme it bi-gynnez to nyme, So þat In-with fourti dawes it haueth euerech lime.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)620 : Toðer moneð was in cumen, And seuene and twenti dais numen.
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)256 : Nou beþ þer inne þat riche toure Four and twenty maidenes boure.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 14.22 : Þe israelites..weren wiþ Saul as twenti thousendis of men.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.24 : At nyght was come into that hostelrye, Wel nyne and twenty in a compaignye Of sondry folk.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.169 : Al though his cage of gold be neuer so gay, Yet hath this bryd, by twenty thousand fold, Leuere in a forest..Goon ete wormes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1356 : Twenty score Of horse haltres and wel mo Ther hyngen ate time tho.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6594 : Þe cokedrylle..is strong..Two and twenty feet he is long.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)16.10 : I wolde trauaille..þis tree to se twenty hundreth myle.
- c1400 Apoc.(2) (Hrl 171)45/9 : Þe noumbre of þe oost of horsmen was twenti þousand siþis ten þousand.
- c1400 Wycl.LAChurch (Dub 244)p.xxvi : Fro þe bygynnynge of ebrew lettris in to Crist..weren two and twenty hundriddis of ȝeeris.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)2324 : Þare o-bout he bygged fast, Till foure and twenty [Hrl: thwenty] yheres war past.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)148b/b : At þe ende of foure and twenty houres take out þi tent.
- ?c1425 Craft Number.(Eg 2622)6/31 : Þou seyst by þe comyne speche, Sex & twenty & nouȝt twenty & sex.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2075 : A semely knyght was Theseus to se, And yong, but of a twenty yer and thre.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)48 : A thousand and thre hundrid also And two and twenti put þereto Was Cristis date verement When he out of þis londe went.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)8 : A feiþful man miȝt in ȝering mani messis geit on a day þewenti þowzand ȝer of pardoun.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)144/8 : Planetis þat be fyxe, þe nowmbyr of hem is a thousaund and nyne and tweynti.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.71 : Þe oþer Scipio..is sente into Spayne in þe foure and twenty [vr. ferþe and twentyþe] ȝere of his eelde.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.275 : Þe firste ȝere of his age..from þe fyve and twenty day of Decembre to þe same day at twelfmonþe, is fulfilled in þe secounde ȝere of his burþe.
- c1400 Glo.Chron.A (Add 19677)5483 : Twenti [vr. tuentye; B vr. twentie; Clg: Þe kinedom þo of þe march king edward to him nom As in þe sixe & tuentiþe ȝere of is owe kinedom].
- a1450 Of alle þe ioyus (Cmb Dd.11.89)384 : Alle Thy passiouns st[r]ong & ryue..Thouȝ tholedest with moche humylite On gode Friday twenty and fyue.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)120/18 : The on and thwenty [chapter], of þe browys; The to and twenty, of þe propyrte of þe nose.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)155/6-7 : Wyntir begynith qwan þe sonne entryth þe fyrst degre of þe Capricorne..fro þe thre and twynti day of Decembyr, to þe one and tweynti day of Marche.
5.
In surnames and place name.
Associated quotations
- (1254) Close R.Hen.III64 : Rogerus Twentipens de Windes'.
- (c1278-9) Hundred R.Tower 2408 : Galfr' Tventimarc.
- (1315) Nickname in LuSE 55181 : Will. Twentipayr.
- (1326) Nickname in LuSE 55181 : Will. Twentipaire.
- (1397) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)6.193 : [A field called] Twenteacre.