Middle English Dictionary Entry
Turk n.
Entry Info
| Forms | Turk n. Also turke, tork(e, (in surnames) turce, turch(e, tur-, tourk & (errors) turt, cure. |
| Etymology | ML Turcus & OF Turc, AF Turk, Tur. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A member of the Ottoman Empire, a Turk; pl. Turks; also, Seljuk Turks [quot. ?a1425 Mandev.(2)]; also applied indiscriminately to the Muslim inhabitants of Asia Minor; (b) with ref. to the period of the third Crusade: a Saracen, Muslim; a member of the Muslim forces; (c) ~ boue, a bow of Turkish manufacture, style, or provenance; cook. teste de ~, an elaborate dish shaped to resemble a turbaned head; (d) in surnames.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.15 : Aboute þat tyme lyvede Machometus þe false prophete, duke and ledere of Saracenes and of Turkes.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)16/17 : Rodes..was wont to be clept Collos & so calle it the Turkes.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)49/11 : This contree & lond of Ierusalem..hath ben in the hondes of all nacyouns..of Grekes, Romaynes, of Cristenemen, of Sarrazines, Barbaryenes, Turkes, Tartaryenes.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)97/4 : Trapozond was wont to ben holden of the Emperour of Costantynople, But a gret man þat he sente for to kepe the contree aȝenst the Tukes vsurped the lond.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)98/22 : Artyroun..was wont to ben a gode cytee & a plentifous, but the Turkes han gretly wasted it.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)63/13 : Þat citee [Nicaea] wanne þe Turkes fra þe emperour of Constantinople.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)618/10 : Turcus: a Turke.
- (c1470) Paston (EETS)1.415 : Ther is comen a newe litell Torke..off the age of xl yere.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.43 : Saladinus, duke of Turkes..aboute þe ȝere of oure Lord eleven hondred foure score and ten..seide þat men were nouȝt worþy to have þe holy lond..In a tyme were tweie white monkes i-brouȝt to fore hym, þat þeeves of Torkes hadde i-take, [etc.].
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)5007 : Þre þousand Turkes comen at þe laste, Wiþ bowe Turkeys and arweblaste.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)5039 : Þre þousand Turkes [Dc: Torkes] come wiþ boost Betwen Jakes and hys hoost.
c
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)48.27/1 : Test de Turt [read: Turc]: Foille de pastee bon sarrays..Soþþen on legge of fassyng of festigade gret plentee, þe colour of þe farsure red, ȝolou, & grene. Þat hed schal beon blake adressed oþe manere of hier of wymmon..& monnes visage abouen.
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)52.43/2 : To maken þilke mete on ȝeolue day of vische þat me clepeþ teste de Turt [read: Turc], Nim rys..& soþþen; nim luce oþur turbet oþer eles..& make a coffin past, [etc.].
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)923 : This Bacheler stode biholdyng The daunce, and in his honde holdyng Turke bowes two.
- a1500 Ld.Cook.Recipes (LdMisc 553)112 : Teste de cure [read: turc]: Nym rys..do thy fissh therynne..bake it.
d
- (c1140) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames357 : Eadwin le Turch.
- (1212) CRR(2) 6368 : Johannes Turkeman.
- (1270) Pleas Som.in Som.RS 36125 : John le Turk.
- (1279) Close R.Edw.I558 : Henry Turheved.
- (1279) Pleas Som.in Som.RS 41186 : Geoffrey le Turce.
- (1314) Loan in Archaeol.28303 : Robertum Turk.
- (1327) Nickname in SAU 63197 : Hug. Turche.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 393 : Henricus le Tourk.
- (1327-8) Freeman R.in KRec.18188 : Thomas Tork.
- (1358) Freeman R.in KRec.18210 : T. Turk.