Middle English Dictionary Entry
tighten v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | tighten v.(1) Also tiȝt & (early) tihten, (SWM) tuhte(n, tuchten; sg.3 (early) tiht, tikþ; p. tight(e, tiȝt, tiȝth, teȝt, (16th cent.) teght & (chiefly early) tihte, (early SWM) tuhte & (?error) thehte; pl. tight, tiȝt(en & (early) tihten, (SWM or SW) tuhte(n, tuchten, teuhten; ppl. tight, tiȝt, itiȝte, itiȝth, itiht, (chiefly early SWM) ituht, (early SWM or SW) itucht & (error) twight. |
Etymology | OE tyhtan, tihtan, tyctan; sg.3 tyht, tiht; p. tihte; ppl. -tyht, -tiht (as in atyht, atiht, p.ppl. of atyhtan). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. ten v.(1), totighten v., uptighten v.
1.
(a) To drag (sb.); pull up (a sail); also, pluck (a harp); ~ oute, pull out (a knife); ~ to deth, fig. bring (sb.) to death, cause to die; ~ up, hoist (a sail); haul (sb.) up with a rope, hang; (b) to stretch out and fasten (a body, entrails, etc.); ppl. tight, spread out; stretched out.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)74/22 : Oþre beræfedest rihtes istreones þurh þæs deofles lore..Þe [wel] tuhte his hearpe..he swefede þe mid þen sweiȝe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5649 : Þu sælt..senden þine sonden..bi-hæten seoluer & gold..ȝif ai mon mihte Traher king tuhten [Otho: bringe] to dæðe mid drenche oðer mid dweornerlace oðer mid steles bite.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5969 : Inne þere Temese heo teuhten [Otho: drowen vp] heore seiles.
- a1350(1307) Execution Fraser (Hrl 2253)163 : Vpon a reþeres hude forþ he wes ytuht.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)289 : Þey tyȝten vp tal-sail.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)79 : I tighte owte my trenchore, and toke of the scholdirs.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)149/3223 : Vp hym twight [Auch: Be þe nekke ȝhe haþ him vp tiȝt, & let him so ride al þe niȝt].
b
- a1300 Loke to þi louerd (StJ-C A.15)6 : Faluet his feyre luer..droweyet [read: drowepet] his hendi bodi þat on rode biis itiht.
- ?c1335 Swet ihc hend (Hrl 913)p.83 : Þou salt be a sorful wiȝte Whan þou liste in bere itiȝte In fulle pouer wede.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)507 : He tiȝt þe mawe on tinde And eke þe gargiloun.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)568 : Fyrst a tule tapit, tyȝt ouer þe flet..Þe stif man steppez þeron.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)858 : Burnez..broȝt hym to a bryȝt boure, þer beddyng watz noble, Of cortynes of clene sylk..Tapytez tyȝt to þe woȝe, of Tuly & Tars.
2.
(a) To appropriate (sth.) for oneself, assume; take on (godparents); (b) ppl. tight as noun: ?those held in captivity.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)93/236 : Nauȝt nys þys heste y-hote of god For suche eldren al-lone Ac hys of mannes eldren eke As he teȝt atte font-stone, Þer holy cherche þy moder hys.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)95/285 : Þe seuende heste schewed..Þat no man abbe of þe oþeres naut..For al hys þefte þat man teȝt Myd wyl of wymynghede Aȝens þe ryȝt oȝeres wyl.
- a1425(c1300) NHom.(1) Abp.& N.(Ashm 42)p.83 : Sorowfull had scho bene If scho hit awne state had sene, How faire gasteli scho was and bright Whiles hir maydenhede was hir tight.
b
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)217/517 : Hayll! comely knyght..of mode þat most preuayles To saue þe tyght.
3.
(a) To entice or incite (sb. to sin, ruin, etc.); incite (sb. that he should do sth.); urge (sb. to do sth.), persuade; also, attract (sb. to oneself); (b) to instruct (sb.), train; discipline (sb.), guide, direct; also, instruct (that sth. should be the case) [quot. c1225, 3rd].
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)10/29 : Þæt is seo mæste synn, þæt man mann ofslea unscyldigne, oððe he his sawle ofslea, gyf he hine to synne tyht.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)30/15 : Þa tyhte seo gitsung þan sacerdan þæt man þyllic oref þær to ceape hæfde.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)41/20 : Feale we mihten secgen beo swylcen lease goden, & hwu bisemærfulle heo wæron, & heora biggengas tyhten to eallen fracodnyssen & to endeleasen morðdæden.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)64/4 : Gyf heo þe þonne þwyrlice tyhteð to þinre sawle forwyrde, þonne byð þe selre þæt þu heora þeodræddene forbuge.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Nicod.(Bod 343)6/33 : He hine þa tyhte to ðare acennednysse mid his diȝlum wordum ðe he unwreah us syððan.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)7048 : Gode menness clene lund & gode menness herrtess Tihhtenn & turrnenn hæþenn follc..To lefenn uppo Criste.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)121 : Ure drihten..ne nedde he na þet heðene folc to his cwale, ac þe deofel heom tuhte to þan werke.
- a1200 PMor.(Trin-C B.14.52)272 : Þo..waren ȝietceres of þis wereldes aihte And dude al þat þe loðe gost hem tihte to and taihte.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)74/22 : Oþre beræfedest rihtes istreones þurh þæs deofles lore..þe..tuhte þe to him.
b
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)4/26 : We mahen iþþlen hare nurhð, & hare untohe bere a þet hit [read: wit] cume forð & ba wið eie & wið luue tuhte ham þe betere.
- c1225 SWard (Roy 17.A.27)40/379 : Nv is wil þet husewif al stille, þet er wes so willesful, al ituht efter wittes wissunge, þet is husebonde.
- c1225 SWard (Roy 17.A.27)40/392 : Þvs ah mon te þenchen..ant leaden him..nawt efter wil þe untohe lefdi & his lust leareð, ah efter þet wit wule, þet is husebonde, tuhten & teachen þet wit ga euer biuore ant teache wil efter him.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)113/13 : He understont þet ha is al wel ituht [Cleo: itucht] ne for þing þet he deð hire ne luueð him þe leass.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)138/12 : Tu ne schuldest nawt chastien for hire gult, ne tuhte [Nero: tuhten; Cleo: tuchten] wel þi meiden, & bringe þe in to ȝemeles i stude of eadmodnes.
- a1250 SWard (Tit D.18)40/376 : Al his hird þat was iwuned forto beon se fulitohen & don al as ham luste ase wile hare lafdi & nawt ase wit ham tuhte.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15012 : To-somne me heom tahte, to-somne me heom tuhte.
4.
(a) To go, come, move; move (toward sb. or sth.); advance (into a country); come (near the ground), descend [quot. ?a1300]; also, depart (from a place); ~ tosamen, clash on a battlefield; (b) refl. to make one's way, move, go; (c) fig. to draw close spiritually (to a god), give allegiance; (d) ben tight, to go; come (near to sb.); fig. approach (a set time); (e) impers. hit tight (to) the time, the time approached.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)407 : His horn he vastliche bleu; Iherden hit Troynisce, & tuhten to þon Gricken.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)554 : Sixtene siðe tuenti scipen tuhten [Otho: wenden] from hauene.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14244 : Uppe þere Tambre heo tuhte to-somne, heuen here-marken halden to-gadere.
- ?a1300 Fiftene toknen (Dgb 86)37 : Wor wen þe mone newe stent, To rede blode he is iwent; He drayeþ and tikþ wel nei þe gr[ounde].
- c1330 St.Greg.(Auch)175/1040 : Þe fischer asked hem anon To what lond þai hadden tiȝt [Vrn: itiht].
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1015 : To Charlis host aȝen þay tiȝt, be-hynde hem fer þoȝ þay wore.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15888 : To caiphas hus son he com, And þider in he tight.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20506 : I sal far þar mi sun has tight; Now is tim þat i sal far.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4478 : Þis chace lasted to þe niȝth, And Alisaunder þoo to rest tiȝth.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)718 : Do way, let chylder vnto me tyȝt.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1060 : To þe temple..he tiȝt with his tid Erles.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)2174 : To tergarontes he tiȝt, þar telde was a mynster.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1358 : All tight to þe tempull of þere tore goddes, ffor drede of the dethe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1786 : He..Sailet on..and þe se past, Teght into Tessaile, turnyt into hauyn.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10023 : Arður hine biðohte whæt he don mahte & thehte [Otho: teh] hine a-bac-ward in enne uald brade.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13340 : Þe eorl..tuhte hine ut a þan felde aneouste þere ferde.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13636 : Ure Drihten heo bi-læueð and to Mahune heo tuhteð.
d
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)7157 : So hij riden from day to niȝth Þat neiȝ þe kyng hij ben ytiȝth.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)503 : Of tyme of ȝere þe terme watz tyȝt To labor vyne watz dere þe date.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)4447 : Þis cas laste al til nyȝt; Alisaunder þo to reste is tyȝt.
e
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)525 : Now it teȝt þe tyme at trauald þat qwene.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)649 : Qwen it teȝt to þe tyme of ten ȝere of age, Þen was him kend of þe kynde & craft of bataile.