Middle English Dictionary Entry
thrōte n.
Entry Info
Forms | thrōte n. Also throt(te, throthe, throate, throght, troht, thort(e, thorote, (N) throit & (early) þrotu, þrota, þrutu, (SW) þreote & (early infl.) þrotan & (errors) trouthe, thorche. |
Etymology | OE þrotu |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
The passage leading from the oral and nasal cavities to the trachea or esophagus of a human being or an animal; also, the equivalent structure in a dragon or an incarnate soul.
Associated quotations
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)37/14 : Gif þe þin þrotu sar si oððer þine swyran, nim cnuca þa wyrt..leȝe on þane swyran.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)43/20 : Wið muðes ece & wid tungan & wið þrotan, nim þeos wurtewalan.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)23/2 : Þes lacecræft deaþ, ȝif þæs mannes þrota toswellon..byð.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)49/25,27 : Ȝif hyt cumþ of þare þrotan, þus þu hyt scealt aȝitan: Þann he hwest..he uthræþ wurmsig blod, and þeo þrutu byþ mid sare ȝemenged.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)610 : Ut of his ðrote cumeð asmel.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)82/17 : Huy coruen of is tongue a-non riȝht bi is þrote a-boue.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 29.10 : Þe tunge of þem to þer þrote [L gutturi] cleuede.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6756 : Þenk þat þou shalt stynk and rote And wurmes shul fyl þy þrote.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3328 : At his [dragon's] þrote þer issed oute with-al A flawme of fire.
- a1425 Roy.17.C.17 Nominale (Roy 17.C.17)635/17 : Gula: troht.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)50b/a : Þe þrote is aboue þes two weies..& it is..made þat it mowe ben þe instrument off þe voice and þe keie of ffaringa in tyme off..swelewynge.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.21.74 : Aries hath thin heved, and Taurus thy nekke and thy throte.
- a1450(?1409) Vision Staunton (Roy 17.B.43)70 : Þe fendes toke þoo wormes stoppeng and puttyng them into þe moughthes and throtes of þo sowles.
- a1450 Rev.HWoman (Lngl 29)70/374 : Rasours wer put in the prestes þrottes and come out at har mowthes.
- a1450 Rev.HWoman (Lngl 29)75/531 : Þe deuelles tok pich and molt hyt and put in-to har þrottz.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)199/16 : For a sor mowth and throte.
- a1475 Hrl.Diseases Hawk A (Hrl 2340)35 : Put hyr throte full of rawe hony.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)808 : Alass, my thrott..Alasse, my wesant!
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)3.6.52b : Thei..ley evene up right gapyng with hir throtes.
- ?a1500 Lndsb.Nominale (Lndsb)748/14 : Gula, guttur, jugulus: throthe.
1b.
(a) The throat considered as the section of the alimentary canal leading from the mouth to the esophagus, pharynx; also, the pharynx considered to be the place where a ruminant chews its cud; (b) fig. of (a) and in fig. contexts; the short ~, the brief pleasure of swallowing.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)111/23 : Ȝef þe kealche cuppe wallinde bres to drinken, ȝeot in his wide þrote þet he swelte inwið.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7025 : Late þis mossel bred þoru mi þrote wende.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)56/15 : Hi wesseþ þet hi hedden nykken of crane..þet þe mosseles blefte lenger ine þe þrote.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Prov.24.13 : Ett sone hony for good & þe most sweete hony comb to þi þrote.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4025 : No deyntee morsel passed thurgh hir throte.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)252 : Þe folk ȝet haldande his fete, þe fysch hym tyd hentes; With-outen towche of any tothe he tult in his þrote.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)32/19 : A beest oftensithis chewiþ aȝein his mete in þe þrote to haue sauour in þe mete.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2005 : Into the bestes throte he shal hem caste To slake his hunger and encombre his teth.
- a1450 12 PTrib.(3) (Bod 423)56/5 : If it fel that I myght not wel auale it for the gret bitternesse, I shal clepe thilke God in help that first dranke with ful cup and with ful throte.
- a1475 Sidrak & B.in JHMAS 23 (Lnsd 793)p.169 : If it nil for suche a noote Falle doun thorgh the throote, Take of rawe flesshe a morselle And with a smal threed binde it wel.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)51/26 : Huanne he ne may abyde..grat lecherie of þrote, hit comþ þet man..yernþ to þe mete ase deþ a best doumb.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)173/36 : He is ine þe prisone of zenne ine þe þrote of þe lyone of helle.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.517 : Allas, the shorte throte [vr. trouthe], the tendre mouth Maketh..men to swynke.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1470 : Bachus was a glotoun..Him for the throte thei beseke.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1882 : He [devil] may dreyn The flood of Iordan into his þrote.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)677 : Bacus þe bollere..Ȝe callen him kepere of þe þrote.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)258/1 : Þou..hast graunt..xl dayes in lentyn, þat..þi throte & þi mowth, dowme beforn & glotynous..ben opyn to..worschypen god.
1c.
(a) The throat considered as upper portion of the respiratory tract; also, the thorax; (b) the human larynx, voice box; also with punning reference to sense 1b.(a) [quot. c1400 (a1376)]; the vocal organ of an animal, esp. the syrinx; also, a vocal sound; (c) fig. of (b).
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)12b/b : Trachea arteria..is way of þe eire to þe pulmon, procedyng fro it to þe þrote.
- a1500 Chauliac(1) (Cmb Dd.3.52)3.8/19 : Throate, i. breste [L thoracem; NY:Wallner: percussionz..with-in þe breste & þe wombe..brynge not in litel perile].
b
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1721 : Heo hadde gode þorte & schille.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Hos.8.1 : In thi throte be a trumpe, as an egle on the hous of the Lord.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4076 : Chauntecleer gan gronen in his throte.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)147a/b : A maner Grashopper þat hatte Cicada..wiþ a ful litil throte..schapiþ a wondirful song.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.44 : Þei..gnawen god in here þrote whanne here guttis fullen.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.324 : Smoke & smolder smyteth his eyen, Til he be blere-nyed or blynde and hors in þe throte.
- c1410 Chaucer CT.Kn.(Cmb Dd.4.24)A.2174 : His berd was wel bygonne for to springe, his throte was as a trompe thonderynge.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)507 : Briddis..songen thorugh her mery throtes Daunws [read: Daunces] of loue and mery notes.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.310 : Mannis vois comeþ fro his herte, bi his þrote, and bi his mouþ.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)71/26 : Þir foure letters hafe þai mare þan we hafe..by cause þai speke so in þaire throtes.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)93/18 : Þer throytt is an opyn grave; with þer tungis falsly þa wroght deme þam gude.
- c1440 Tales Contrition (Thrn)7/21 : Swa mekill contricyone was in his herte..Sobbynge in his throtte, þat he moghte noghte brynge a worde furthe.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)320 : Smale foules..spared not her throtes.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)181/35 : He will hold a man be þe throte for-why þat he shuld not crye loude to tell is shryfte.
- a1484 Treat.7 Lib.Arts (Trin-C R.14.52)1039/70-71 : E is gendrid in the inward of the throte and the mowth, so that the mowth drawith to roundenesse more than the throte.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)5.11 : Thaire throt is lyknyd til a graue openand, for thai shew stynkand wordes that corumpis the herers.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)79/23 : Þat þrote..spake þe wordes of traytery aȝeynys his Lord.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 31.30 : I ȝaf nott my throte [L guttur] to synne þat I shulde abijden cursinge his soule.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)290/4 : Thou hast not disposid þi þrote for to wynne soulis by teching, but to deuoure soulis by moneye takynge.
- c1450 Myght wisdom (Add 31042)86 : Blissed be..Þi tonge of trewthe, þi throte of chastite.
2.
(a) The front of the human neck between the chin and the collarbone [quot. ?a1160 could also be construed as (c)]; also applied to a personified cross [quot. c1300]; forke of the ~, the collarbone; cutten ~, to make a deep cut in someone's neck, slit someone's throat; also, take an extreme measure [quot. a1450]; (b) the front of an animal's neck between the jaw or beak and the breast; bolle (outre) ~, = throte-bolle n. (c); (c) the neck [1st quot. may belong to (a)]; also in fig. context; (d) a fur piece taken from the throat of an animal; martrin throtes.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)53/6 : Ȝif þat blod of þara ceolan utwealle..bynd..þane clyþan uppa þa þrotan [L gula].
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Sume..diden an scærp iren abuton þa mannes throte & his hals.
- a1275 *Body & S.(4) (Trin-C B.14.39)35 : Wirmes sal ete mi wite þrote and mi wite siden.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)525 : In þe þrote with a swerd he smot þe suete rode, Þat blod sprong on him anon-riȝt.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)318 : Þer was mani arwe yschote, & mani quarel þurth þe þrote.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)4137 : Gij bar his spere oȝaines him anon, In-to his þrote he it þrest wiþ strengþe.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)202 : F. ad la gorge enlestree: W. hath the throte frekenede.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Par.25.3 : He kutte þe seruauntis throtis þat sloowyn his fadir þe kyng.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1839 : My throte is kit vn to my nekke bon.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Pilgr.(Phys-E)p.54 : Ga swithe..and geld the..And scher thi þort in tua riht son.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)316/22 : The forke of þe þrote is clepid of summen patena, & of summen cathena.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1740 : Hir þryuen face & hir þrote þrowen al naked.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1250 : Hire sydes..He gan to stroke, and good thrift bad ful ofte Hire snowisshe throte [vr. throght], hire brestes rounde and lite.
- ?c1425 Bk.Physiog.(Plim 260)267 : Ful þrote betokeneþ a stedefast frendschep..knotty þrote betokeneþ vnstedefastnesse of þouȝt.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1768 : Syr kynge, what wytte? We be redy þrotys to kytte.
- c1450 Lond.Chron.Cleo.(Cleo C.4)147 : Two men..had robbid a vitteler..and kutt the mennes throttes, and Bulged the shipp and drowned hem therinne.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1122/14 : I had levir kut myne owne throte in twayne rather than thou sholde dishonoure me!
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)72/19 : Pilat hath a botche in his throte and wold haue þe couerchif to touche therwith his throte.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38)1631 : When he wyste they were on slope To Betres throte can he grope, In sonder he schare hyt tyte.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)14/34 : Þet bodi of þe beste wes ase lipard..þe þrote of lioun.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)59a/a : Þe crop of a foule..hangiþ vndir þe þrote.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)273a/a : The dewlappe oþer freisshlappe hongeþ doun vnder his þrote.
- ?a1425 My dere sone wher (Lamb 491)211 : Hang vp þe noumblis by þe vttir throte [vr. bullerþrote; ?Berners Bk.St.Albans leaf f iij/b: bolle throte].
- c1450 Yale 163 Cook.Recipes (Yale 163)156.94/1 : Take a kyd; slit the skuyn at the thorote.
- c1450 Yale 163 Cook.Recipes (Yale 163)169.99/5 : Draw the troughte at the bely..cut hym at the bakke..& draw hym at the thorche [read: thorthe] nexte the hedde.
- c1450 Yale 163 Cook.Recipes (Yale 163)180.103/4 : Take hit out at the thorte, & the lyver at the gutte.
c
- c1225 Wor.Bod.Gloss.(Hat 115)24 : Swuran: þrot.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)10/218 : Þow schelt ben hanged be þe þrote.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Prov.3.3 : Mercy & trewþe forsake þei not þee, cumpase þem to þy þrote & discryue in þe tables of þyn herte.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2458 : Myn is the stranglyng and hangyng by the throte.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2074 : Þefte serueþ of wykkede note, hyt hangeþ hys mayster by þe þrote.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1569 : A coler of cler golde clos umbe his þrote.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)192 : These theues and these smale harlotes..by her throtes Ful many oon hangith at the laste.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2731 : He schulde hange be þe þrote.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)476 : A coorde is a good þing..but knytte þis coorde to mannus þrote & it myȝte soone strangle þis man.
d
- (1413) Will Savage in Archaeol.Cant.29167 : [To Eleanor Horne, a set of furs called] Throtes.
- (1420-21) in Gras Eng.Cust.Syst.509 : viii mantellis calaber stage, ii mantellis martyn throtez, ii mantellis misefurre.
3.
?The location where the base of the tongue is attached to the throat; ?error for rote n.(4).
Associated quotations
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)261/13 : In þe þrote [L radice] of þe tunge ben ij wellis.
4.
(a) An opening leading to a consuming place or force; also, a whirlpool; ~ of helle; develes ~; (b) the opening of a fishing net.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)157/16 : Bineoðen us ȝeoniende þe wide þrote [Nero: þreote] of helle.
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)131/1 : A weila..ȝef ei..went ut of þe floc..in to wulues muð toward te þrote of helle.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)156a/b : Gurges..is a depe place in a ryuer and hath þat name of gutture, a throte..ffor he swolowes ynne watres þat cometh þerto and casteþ..hem vp aȝeyne..he meveth rounde aboute and swirleþ and reboundeþ.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)180 : Þroly into þe develez þrote man þryngez bylyve.
b
- c1400 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Hrl 490)529 : [AF (Cmb): Le gurget; glossed:] throte [de nace revercez, L'ordure leins engettez].
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. throat.