Middle English Dictionary Entry
thrēd(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | thrēd(e n. Also thredde, threid, thride, tred(e, tredde, therd(e & (early) þræd, ðrade & (errors) -bræde, þrædum; pl. thredes, etc. & thredus, (early) þreades & (error) thrededis. |
Etymology | OE þrǣd, trǣd, (Merc.) þrēd. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A piece of textile twine; a piece of cord made from fibrous material; silke (silken) ~; wol ~; ~ of twine, a twine(s (twinede) ~, a strand of twine; also in pictorial representation [quot. c1385]; with two thredes woven, ?double stitched; (b) any of the lengths of thread with which cloth is woven; heveld ~, a length of yarn thread; (c) a piece of thread used as part of a scientific instrument; a thread used to mark or measure distance; (d) a fine threadlike filament of a material other than a textile, such as gold, a spider web, muscle fiber, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)55/12 : Wið monoþseocce men nim þa wyrt & ȝewryð mid anun readum þrædum [OE þræde] abutan þan mannes swiran.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)151/6 : Nim þisse wyrte sæd..cnyte mid ane ðrade on ane clæne linnene clæþe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7096 : Nes þe þwong noht swiðe bræd buten swulc a twines þræd [Otho: twined þred].
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)4430 : With a red silk þrede þe quen bond als blive aboute þe wolwes necke.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2030 : Depeynted..Saugh I..the sharpe swerd ouer his heed Hangynge by a subtil twynes threed.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.217 : Onliche þre temples..hadde flamines..as it were filamines, of filo, þat is a þrede, þat þey bonde aboute hire heed.
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.(Vrn)64/134 : In an euen forþriht lyne Þat hedde beo marked wiþ þred of twyne.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)104 : In..seson that swete is, With a threde bastyng my sleu[i]s, Alone I wente in my plaiyng.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)10a/a : Bilix: an haubrek on [read: or] cloþ with two þredes weuen.
- a1450(c1400) Wor.Serm.(Wor F.10)34/396 : Let honge a nakyd swerd bi a litel twyn þred.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)113/373 : Take þen v silken þredus & þre heres of an hors taile..& twyne hem wel to-geder.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)1999 : He teyde a tredde on a pole With an nedil ther-on I-fest.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)150a/b : Þe poyntis schulen be taken in a litil wounde wiþ a smal nedele & a smal þreed.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)35/341 : Hange hit at hire nekke with a wolle threde of an ewe white lambe.
- a1500 Peterb.Lapid.(Peterb 33)p.92 : Also yef a woman may not be deliuerid, tye þe stone to here lefte thee with a þerde of wole of schepe.
- a1500 York House Bk.Hawking in Archiv 209 (Yk-H 45)32 : He must haue ereynesse ymad of gode smale thrededis [read: thredis].
b
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)229/8 : Nim þane þisse wyrt wyrtrume & ȝewyrþ to ane hefelbræde [OE hefelþræde] & ahoh to ðinum syran.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)39/24 : Nan webb ne mai bien iweuen wið-uten twa beames..ðar behoueð to maniȝe þreades ær hit bie fullwroht.
- c1225 Wor.Bod.Gloss.(Hat 115)24 : Hefelþrædas: heuelþredes.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)588/74 : Þe tormentors hupte forþ hare cloþes of to drawe And hi alle þane leste þred nemiȝte enes wawe Ac on ham so faste hi sete as hi cleuede to þe rugge.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.14.23 : Fro aþreed of þe wefte vnto a garter of ahose I schall not take of all þingez þat ben þin.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.1.21 : Hir clothes weren makid of right delye thredes and subtil craft, of perdurable matere.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)47 : Alle þe hurtyng of fyre appered in noo heer of her heed ne thred of her clothes.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)316 : Ilche þreed of siche cloþis þat ben tuo wast & too costliche beriþ wiþ hym a wrong boþe to god & man.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.249 : Þe riche man schal ȝeuyn answer of euery þred in his cloþ.
c
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)30/3,13 : Put thanne a blak thred in centre aryn..& a whit thred in centre equant of any planete þt the list haue of equacion..& proeue by a compas þt thy thredes lyen equedistant.
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)36/20-23 : Ley ther thy blake thred & ley thy white thred equedistant by the blake thred in the lymbe; moeue thanne softely the pool of thyn Epicicle vnder thy blake thred, tak thanne thy white thred & ley it ouer the pol of the epicicle & wheras thy white thred keruyth the cercle of the Epicicle, [etc.].
- ?c1400 Treat.Geom.(Sln 213)58 : Go froward til þe perpendicle, þat es to say þe threde whereon þe plumbe henges, falle vpon þe mydel lyne of þe quadrant.
- ?c1400 Treat.Geom.(Sln 213)63 : Mesure þe heght..þan set þe table on þe erthe and take tuo thredes and put þat one in þat one lyne and þat oþer threde in þat oþer lyne.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)67b/a : Trutina: a balaunce or a tonge of a balaunce or þe þred þat þe balaunce hongeþ by.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)177/32 : With a longe lyne or a þrede iknytte to þe ende of an arewe and ischote vp to þe topp..of þe walle..by þe lengþe of þat lyne or þrede, þou maist take þe heithe of þe walles.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)41a/a : Þis kertil..conteyneþ þredes of senewis to clense & to purge þe humour cristallyn.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)270a/a : The venymous Spyþur..spynneþ longe þredes.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)263/11 : Also þer is a þreed vndir sum mannes tunge þat he mai not put out his tunge as he schulde, & also it lettiþ him to speke.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.812 : Hire heres clere..with a thred of gold she wolde bynde.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)73b : Who that hathe a sore eye put a þrede of safur þer in.
- a1450 Dur-CRO.Bk.Hawking (Dur-CRO Roll D/X/76/7)24/42 : Þe crai commis Of mete þe qwilk is wesshen in warme water for defawte of hote mete and commis of thredis þat is in þe flessh.
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)245/2 : Tokenes of coler ben brenning..in..þe reines..And meny smale þredis ben in þe vrin, eiþirwhilis bineþe, eiþirwhilis aboue.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)14b/b : Þe Pannicle is maad of smale þredis of senewis veynes & arteries.
- c1500(1446) Morstede Surgery (Hrl 1736)111 : The skyne ys the coverynge of the body knyt to gedyr of threddes, senews, & waynys.
2.
(a) The fibrous material from which cloth is made, yarn;— sometimes distinguished from silk; also, the fabric made from flaxen or woollen thread; also, cord used to make the string of a crossbow [quot. 1463]; coloine ~; cleue of ~, a ball of yarn; haspe (skaine) of ~, a skein of thread; with hire nedle and (hire) ~, by means of her needlework; (b) in cpds. & combs.: ~ girdel, girdel ~, ?a belt made of woven fabric; ~ makere; ~ nedle, a needle with thread, a threaded needle; ~ womman, a dealer in thread or yarn; kerche ~, ?a pouch made of woven fabric; pake ~, strong cord [see also pak(e n. 3.(a)]; trussinge ~, thread for tying bundles; twine ~, twisted thread; warp ~, thread used to form the warp of fabric; (c) threadlike material of a substance other than textile.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Sayings St.Bede (Jes-O 29)164 : Heo draweþ heore wede Mid seolkene þrede.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1497 : Þo was his curtel odde and ysowed myd no þrede.
- (1377-99) Oath Bk.Colchester6 : Tred Whyt and Coloyne, c li. viij d.
- c1390 Evang.(Vrn)361 : Þat Mayde won hire bred Wiþ hire nelde and hire þred.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)16.266/474 : Heo..fedde hire wiþ hire nelde and þrede.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)233b/b : Flex is nedeful..for þerof is y-made cloþing to weryng..and þrede to sewynge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)318a/b : Þe machche is made of hempene þreed.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)7367 : A large couerechief of threde She wrapped all aboute hir heede.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)7371 : A peire of bedis eke she bere Vpon a lace, all of white threde.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)56b/b : Rubrida [Hrl 1738: Rubrica]: a rewe [Pep: rul; Hrl 1738: rewle] of [Hrl 1738: or] trede [Hrl 1738: thred; Hrl 2270: threed] lutide rede.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)192/27 : It is made þat a þrede [*Ch.(1): threded] nedelde be putte yn by boþe þe lippes.
- (1428) Proc.Privy C.3.289 : Thomæ Clokmaker..for ij cordes of threde for the littil pais, ij s.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)238 : Hespe of threde: Mataxa, haspum, hapsa, filipulus.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)457 : Skeyne of threde: Filipulum, versofilum, in gyrgyllum.
- (1447-8) Acc.Yatton in Som.RS 486 : Vor clothe y bowgte to the surplous, xiij s..vor thredde to make the same, v d.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)118 : Nouȝwhere..is mensioun mad..that a womman schulde were upon her heer and heed eny couerchief of lynnen threde or of silk.
- c1450 Bk.GGrace (Eg 2006)90/10 : Sylke, ȝif hitt be wele wrought, es strangere þan þrede.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)310 : Now bere and bacone bene fro Pruse ibroughte Into Flaundres..Coleyne threde, fustiane, and canvase, Carde, bokeram.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)358/28 : Þer was ij women pleyd befor a iuge for a clew of threde.
- (1463) Acc.Howard in RC 57219 : Item, payd the xxvij day of August, ffor threyd for stryngys for crosbowys, vj d.
- (a1474) Paston (EETS)2.363 : Item, a kerchei of therd.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)63a/a : Sum membre muste be sewid wiþ silk or þreed, summe wiþ ficchinge of nedlis.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.1040 : Maidens were calles of silk and of threde.
- a1500 Lamb.Bk.Hawking in Archiv 209 (Lamb 306)33 : He moste haue vreynes made of gode smale threde to Encile the haukis that ben take.
b
- (1349-50) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)1.627 : [Gift from Isabella de Wyborne, late] thred womman [of London].
- (1369-72) *Acc.Exch.K.R.Bundle 178 No.16.m.4 [OD col.] : lxiiij lb. fili pro cordis balistarum, lij lb. trussyng thred.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.16.13 : 'If,' he [Sampson] seiþ, 'sefne heris of my heued wiþ warpþreed þou plattist..I schal ben feble.'
- (a1413) Doc.Trade in BRS 751 : Item, ix gurdell Thred, pris iij s. vj d.
- (1424) Reg.Trin.Gild Cov.in Dugd.Soc.134 : Agnes Staunford..thredmaker.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)133 : The forseid comunyalte and defendyd, that non of the same toun take in kepyng of poore webberes, ne off spynneres, ne of threed makeres.
- (1446) Will York in Sur.Soc.45102 : De threde gyrdils, iij d.; De rede pursez, iii d.
- c1450 Chauliac(1) (Sln 3666:Wallner)3.28/12 : Þredez [NY:Wallner: wymmen..kepe þair threded nedelez vpon þer sleuez].
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)155/13 : For the pyke ye schall take a good fyne lyne of pak thryde made yn maner of a chalke lyne made browne with your colour.
- (a1474) Paston (EETS)2.363 : A kerchey therd, and ther-in was vj s. viij d. of gold.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)63a/b : Þou schalt take good strong twyn þreed of flex.
c
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3665 : Nettes of gold threed hadde he greet plentee To fisshe in Tybre whan hym liste pleye.
3.
(a) Fig. The course of life;—often with ref. to the Greek Fates; a course of events; an evolving condition; also, ?the gist of a narrative [quot. a1500]; ~ of lif, lifes ~, fatal ~; spinnen (a) ~; (b) in idiomatic expressions: a tender ~; neigh the ~, near the limit.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1419 : Fortune..may every thred Tobreke.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)7244 : He haþ ysponnen on þrede Þat is ycome of yuel rede.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.142 : Antropos to-brak hir lyves thred.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1546 : Attropos my thred of lif tobreste, If I be fals!
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)247 : Attropos..My fatal threed a-sundyr smyte.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)1763 : This likerous dampnable errour In this londe hath so large a þrede I-sponne Þat wers peple is non vndir sonne.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)3.863 : Attropos gan his threde vntwyne.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Guy (LdMisc 683)186 : By Parcas sustren was sponne his lyves threede.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)1772 : Antropos ther livis threed vntwyne.
- a1500 Parton.(1) (Add 35288)2608 : Kynge Cleobollys, he ys dede, Yowr fader alle-so; thus ys the threde [UC: thus in drede].
- c1500 Befor my deth (SeldArch B.24)47 : Euir about I wynd My threde of lyfe, a bittir end to fynd, Bot he that hold the sceyne vnto my clewe Is there agayn.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1514 : The happes over mannes hed Ben honged with a tendre thred.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1771 : Þat prynce of pris de-presed hym so þikke, Nurned hym so neȝe þe þred, þat nede hym bihoued Oþer lach þer hir luf, oþer lodly re-fuse.
4.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1222) Domesday Bk.St.Paul in Camd.6973 : Galfridus threde.
- (1378) R.Cov.in Dugd.Soc.1618 : Emma Thredmakere.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1500 Army.4 Artist.Recipes (Army 4) 209/20 : To make tuly threde. Take thridde and do it in thi safflour with the cloth, serue it rite so or it be whasshe, and þan hange it up to drie.
Note: Additional quote, sense (a). New spelling (thridde).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. silken thread.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. thread.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. silk thread.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. thread of twine.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. twine thread.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 2.(b)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. packthread.