As anaph. or dem. pron., pointing to previously mentioned persons or things, a group, or a series of persons, things, actions, etc.: these, those, they; also, as direct obj. or obj. of a prep.: them: (a) with pron. alone;—occas. further specified by a following rel. clause; alle ~; (b) with ben and complement (pred. nom., pred. adj., or prep. phrase); alle ~; (c) in correl. constructions, pointing to one of two previously mentioned groups of persons, things, etc.: ~..hem (thilke, these other folk), thei..~, these, the latter..those, the former, the others; also, the former..the latter; also, used indefinitely to indicate a group of persons or things belonging to a previously mentioned class: ~..thei, this..~, some..others, one..others; also, pointing to a part of a previously mentioned group of persons, further specified by a rel. clause: ~..other, those..others [quot. a1387]; (d) in temporal prep. phrase: after ~, after these things, afterwards.

As anaph. or dem. pron., pointing to words or remarks not previously mentioned as such but understood from the context: these, these things.

As cataphoric pron. used demonstratively, pointing to persons, things, etc. about to be mentioned: these, those, the ones: (a) specified by a following adv., prep. phrase, rel. clause, specific words, etc.; also, used indefinitely: ~..~, some..some [quot. a1382, last]; (b) with ben and complement, further specified by a following list of names or constituent parts, specific words, etc.;—occas. with ben omitted.