Middle English Dictionary Entry
thā̆n pron.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | thā̆n pron.(1) Also ðhan, (chiefly early SWM) þon, (chiefly early SW & SWM) then & (early) þam, dan, (SWM) þæn & thanne, (early) þane & (error) þang. |
Etymology | OE þǣm, þām, þā̆n, þǣn (sg. dat. masc. & neut. of sē̆) & þon, þan (sg. instr. masc. & neut. of sē̆). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
As anaph. or dem. pron., referring to a previously mentioned specific person or thing: that one, him, it; ~ the, him who; also, that which, what [1st quot.].
Associated quotations
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)8/31 : Se Fæder byð æfre Fæder, & se Sune byð æfre Sune, & se Halge Gast byð æfre Halge Gast; & heora nan ne awænt næfre of þan þe he is.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)36/5 : Hwæt fremeð þære burhware þeh þæt port beo trumlic on ælce healfe getimbrod, gyf þær byð an hwæm open forlæten, þæt se winnende here þurh þan infare habbe?
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)124/1 : Se deofol, eower wiðerwinne, færð onbuten swa swa grymetende leo, secende hwæne he abite; wiðstandeð þan [OE þam, vr. him] strange on geleafe.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)22/20 : Ða ilyfde þe kyng ðæs Hælendes spæce, & wende him hamweard, & hopode to þan.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)53/10 : On ȝeure iþanke ilieueð ðat ȝe naht ne ȝesieð, þat is, Cristes flasch and his blod..Hwa se ðis hali wastme of ðan ðe heng on ðese liues trewe noteð, and is mid heued-senne ibunden..he ðar rihtes for-demþ him seluen.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)143/398 : So he werry ferst by-gan Wyþ gode ine heuene, and ȝet te þan Oþer wel fele, Wyþ hym þat helde wyþ alle myȝtte, Angeles þat god hedde ymad bryȝtte In alle wele.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)69/16 : Huanne god his beat and chasteþ..hy wyteþ and zyggeþ ofte onþank þan.
- c1350 Ayenb.App.(Arun 57)263/36 : Þe uader of þe house..zette sleȝþe to by doreward..Nixt þan [L hanc] ha zette strengþe.
1b.
As anaph. or dem. pron., pointing to a previously mentioned action or statement or a group or series of things or actions that can now be considered coll., or to the time during which previously-referred-to events occurred: (a) in temporal prep. phrases: after ~, after that, after that happened, afterward [see also after prep. 3.(e); some quots. may belong to thanne adv. 4.]; bitwixe (under) ~, meanwhile; er (erer) ~, before that [some quots. may belong to thanne adv. 4.]; mid (with) ~, with that, then, thereupon; (b) in nontemporal prep. phrases: after ~, furthermore; following that; accordingly; al for (for al) ~, in spite of all that, nevertheless; bi ~, concerning that, concerning this; by that, by this, thereby; for ~, on that account, for that reason, therefore, consequently [see also for-than adv. & conj. 1.]; mid ~, by that; also, in addition; ne (no, not, nought) for ~, despite that, nevertheless [see also for-than adv. & conj. 3., not adv. 4.(c), nought-for-than adv. & conj.]; of ~, of that, of this; on ~, by that, by this; over ~, beyond that; to ~, to that, for that, to that end; to ~ swithe, to that degree; up ~, ?as against that, even so; ?on that subject; with ~, in spite of that.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1100 : On þan Sunnandæge þær æfter toforan þam weofode on Westmynstre Gode & eallan folce behet ealle þa unriht to aleggenne þe on his broðer timan wæran..And hine syððan æfter þam se biscop of Lundene, Mauricius, to cynge gehalgode.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1115 : Ðises geares wæs swa strang winter mid snawe & mid forste swa nan man þe þa lifode ær þan nan strengre ne gemunde.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)117/13 : Þa deoflen sæigden, hlude hlehhende, þæt heo þa sawlen for heora synnen habben mosten; Betwux þan ascuten þa awergode gastes sume of þære nywelnysse wið min.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.Nicod.(Vsp D.14)82/5 : Ealle we cuðen þone rihtwisen Simeon þe urne Drihten bær on his earmen into þan temple, þe ærre þan lame wæs.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)27 : Þe unclene gast..geð him of þan sunfulle mon..and nimeð him vii deofle þe beoð muchele wurse þenne he; heo..wuniað in him a mare..Erðon he nefde bute enne deofel, nu he haueð sefene.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3207 : Þa huld he ane stunde his lond mid isunde, inn griðe and inne friðe and freo-liche on folke; Wnder þon hær com tidinde salcuð to londe.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)200 : Þo hule one wile hi bi þoȝte, & after þan his word up broȝte.
- c1300 Gabriel fram evene king (Arun 248)37 : Wan þe maiden understud and þangles wordes þerde [read: herde], mildeliche with milde mud to þangle þie [read: hie] andswerde..Þangle wente a-wei mid þan, al hut of hire sithte.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1409 : He tolde hem..for quat erdene he ðider nam..Sent he was ðider for kinde wune After a wif to ysaac..Laban and his moder wið-ðan Fagneden wel ðis sondere-man.
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)635 : He him biþouȝte, ar he wolde hem quelle, What þai were þat [read: þai] sscholde him telle, & siþen he þouȝte hem of dawe don; Þe children awoken vnder þon [vrr. swyth soone, þo anon].
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1230 : Þai swore bi seyn patrike, Swiche seiȝe þai neuer are, Er þan.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)119/114 : Þer-inne þet vnicorn weks tame Þat er þang [read: þan] was so wylde.
- a1400(a1325) Glo.Chron.B (Trin-C R.4.26)798/258 : Kyng brenni bilefde þer ase louerd of þulke ende, & king belin after þan to þis lond gan..wende.
b
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)33/31 : Mid þyssen reme þa blaca feond tugen þa sawle of þan lichame & aweig gelædden; Be þan is swutel, þæt seo gesihðe him wearð æteowed for oðre manna beterunge, na for his agenre.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)35/11 : Is swa þeh swyðe freomfullic, þæt æighwa hine gelomen and geornlice to Gode gebidde, gyf his mod byð to þan swyðe onbryrd; Eall [OE elles] man sceal scortlice mid onbryrdnysse & bereowsunge hine gebidden.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)43/35 : We rædeð æghware on bocan, þæt..mæn gehyrden on þan forðsiðe wæpmanna sang &..on þan is cuð þæt þa halge mæn þe to Godes rice þurh goden geearnungan becomen, þæt heo on oðre manna forðsiðe heora sawlen underfoð.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)58/9 : Feawe mannen gelimpð on þyssen dagen þæt heo gesundfull libben ymb hundehtentig gearen, & swa hwæt swa he ofer þan leofeð, hit byð him geswinc & sarnysse.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)92/15 : Se geleafe byð unnytt buten þan gode weorcan..Beo þan Jacobus se apostol cwæð, [etc.].
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)98/29 : God wæs for ure hæle eadmod geworden; For þan sceal ælce mæn sceamigen, þæt he ofermod seo.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)116/6 : On þan time wæs sum þegn Drihtelm gehaten, on Norðhumberlande, bilewite on andgite, gemetegod on þeawen, æwfest on life, & his heowrædden to þan gewissode.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)67/22 : He..cwæð, 'Wa þe Corozaim & wa þe Betsaida, & wa þe Capharnaum'..Mid þan he þonne mænde þæs feondes oferhyde, þe on heom rixigeð.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Evang.(Bod 343)14/4 : Nu we witen soðlice þæt ðu wast alle þing, &..on þam we ilyfæð þæt ðu from Gode come.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)114/26 : Soðfeste men beoð to heofene rice ilædde..& heo þær syðan æfre on brihtnesse libbæð & scinæð; Be þam sæde ðe apostol, [etc.].
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)101 : Ða ileaffullen brohton heore gersum and leiden heo et þere apostlan fotan; Mid þan is itacned þet cristene men ne sculen heore bileafe bisettan on þere weordliche eahte, ac on heore god ane.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14054 : Þa wes þer særinæsse mid sele þan kinge; þa weoren Bruttisce men swiðe vnbalde uor þæn.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15363 : His lætes weoren alle swulc he lome weore, alle his hateren weoren to-toren—nas he noht to þan iboren.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)679 : Wan þe horte boþ on þinne [read: winne]..þe man mot on oþer segge..An sone mai a word mis-reke Þar muþ shal aȝen horte speke..Ac noþeles ȝut, upe þon, Her is to red wo hine kon: Vor neuer nis wit so kene So þane red him is awene.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1578 : Monichapmon & moni cniht Luueþ & hlad his wif a-riht..Þat gode wif deþ after þan..An ȝeorne fondeþ hu heo muhe Do þing þat him beo iduȝe.
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)65 : Sunne ne foundest þou neuer non In me as in anoþer mon; Þou miȝt wel witen þe bi þon [vr. for þan] Þat ich more þen ani mon.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)387 : Þu miȝt segge þe ne faileþ non Gold ne seluer ne riche won; Seie þu wilt parte wiþ him of þan, Þat he schal eure beo riche man.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2792 : Cum ðu salt ben min sondere-man, Ic sal ðe techen wel to ðan.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1418 : Pilatus he sende þuder hor Iustise to be þere Vorto holde hom harde inou as hii wel wrþi were & ȝut for al þan..Hii broȝte oure louerd ihesu crist to deþe on þe rode.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)53/1105 : 'In al þis world nis þer man, Prinse ne king ne soudan, Þat þe to wiue haue nolde, And he þe hadde ones be-holde.' 'Merci,' ȝhe seide, 'ȝet wiþ [vr. nouȝt for] þan Ichauede þe leuer to me lemman, Þe bodi in þe scherte naked, Þan al þe gold þat Crist haþ maked.'
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)46/553 : Adoun he fel aswon to grounde..King Orfeo knewe wele bi þan His steward was a trewe man.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)131/38 : Ȝef þou [be] ylered man, And onderstan[s]t ȝet al for þan No god ne be, Ich acsy þe a questioun.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)172/23 : Þis wyt is ine tuo þing: þe uerste, þet me nime hede to huam he ssel him ssriue..Efterþan huo þet him wisliche wyle ssriue he ssel mid wylle þenche ane his zennes auore þet he come to ssrifte.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)234/19 : In zuych stat me sse[l] loki þe ten hestes, and mid þan me ssel do þe zix workes of merci.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)p.194 : Na-for-þan [vr. neuer þe les] þer ne ben nouȝt þre goddes.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)556 : Hose þis forbysene con, He may openliche iseo bi þon Þat al þis ilke tokenynge Is Godes insiht.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)1103 : Þou konst litel god To do my modur to þeo ded, And neo wost by hire no qued, Saue a chaunce þat hire byfeol; And þerfore þou dost nouȝt wel, For euery man may wite by þan, Þat aȝeyn chaunce may beo no mon.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)45.365 (1st occurrence) : Nevertheles not for than the water In his Eyen stille was than.
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)11b : Auise wel, þat he ne haue non glaundere..But not for þan [vrr. ne for thanne; never the lees] ȝif þat he be ȝong and haue entayle be-forsayd, and þou may haue hym gret chep, þerfor let þu not, for men may helpe hym.
- c1465 Chaucer CT.Mel.(Bod 414)B.2165 : For then [Heng: Prudence..bisoughte hym of his wepyng..to stynte, but nat for-thy he gan to crye & wepen euere lenger the moore].
1c.
Used anaphorically, as rel. pron.: to whom; following a prep.: whom, which [some exx. could also be construed as sense 1a.]; ~ that, whom, which; ~ the, which.
Associated quotations
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1118 : Ðises geares eac forðferde se papa Paschalis & feng Iohan of Gaitan to þam papdome, þam wæs oðer nama Gelasius.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1119 : Æfter him se arcebiscop of Uiana wearð to papan gecoren, þam wearð nama Calixtus.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)49/36 : Maria, Cristes moder, wearð on þysse dæge, of þyssen geswyncfulle life genumen up to heofone rice, to hire leofan Sune, þe heo on life gebær, mid þan heo blisseð on ecere myrhðe a to wurlde.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)57/26 : Ge lufigeð þiss lif, on þan þe ge mid geswynce wuniged.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)58/26 : Þonne cweðð se fule gast þæt he faren wyle into his huse, of þan þe he ut ferde.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Evang.(Bod 343)22/4 : We sceolon ilyfæn on ðone lifiȝende Hælend..Þam is æfre an wuldor & an wurðment.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)62/35 : Al moncynn..wearð earmlice ablend for Adames ȝylte..of ðam we alle men ordfrymæn habbæð.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)89 : Ne beað þa þet here specað galileisce and ure elc iherden hu hi spechen ure speche on þan þet we akenned weren?
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)227 : Þes sale ȝestrienede enne sune þe wes ȝehaten heber, of þan asprang þat eberisce folc.
- a1275 Glade us maiden (Trin-C B.14.39)5 : Glade us maiden, moder milde, þurru þin herre þu were wid childe..Glade us, ful of gode þine, þam þu bere buten pine wid þe.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)22/32 : Hit is a perilous ziknesse þet ne may naȝt þolye þet me him take, and to þan þet [Vices & V.(2): to whom; F a ki] alle medicines went in to uenim.
2.
As cataphoric pron.: (a) used demonstratively, referring to a person or thing about to be mentioned: that, him; also, as rel. pron.: whom [last quot.]; ~ the, him who, that which; to ~ (swithe, swithli)..that, to such an extent or degree..that as a result (sb. did sth., sth. occurred, etc.), so..that; (b) used indefinitely: ~ that, to him who; following a prep.: him who, him whom, whomever; ~ the, to him who, to whomever, for him who; following a prep.: him who, whomever, that which.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)37/23 : Þa wearð se cyng to þan swyðe afyrht þæt he eall ascranc.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)116/32 : Se ængel me lædde þa furðere to anre þeosterfullre stowe, seo wæs to þan swyðe mid þiccan þeostren oferðeht þæt ic nan þing geseon ne mihte bute mines latðeawes scinende heow & gewæden.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)124/22 : Ealla þa þing þe he ah synden on þinre hande, bute þan anen, þæt þu on him sylfen þine hande ne astrece.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.VA (Vsp D.14)14/27 : Se cyng byð gecoren to þan þe him cyðð his name.
- a1150(?OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)130/12 : Sanctus Neotus his lif adreah on mycelre forhæfednysse..þeowwigende þan þe hine to þeowe geceas, þæt wæs Gode sylfen.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)221/13 : Ȝif þu hy oþþer hire sæd on scyp ahehst, to þan wunderlice heo hys, þæt heo ælce hreohnysse ȝesmulteð.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)20/24 : Ða wæs ðær..an waterput þe wæs to þam swiðlice bitter ðæt nan mon ne mihte anes dropæn ðærof anbyriæn.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)225 : Þo warð god toðan swiðe ȝegremed þurh manna mandede þat he cweð þat him of-þuhte þat he efre mancinn ȝesceop.
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)69/3 : Seo abbodesse ȝeefenlece þa bysene þes arfæsten..hyrdes, þe..þas sceapas untrumnesse him to þam swyðe [L in tantum] ofreaw þæt he hit ofer his eaxla læde & eft upp to heorde bær.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)965 : Nou..haueþ þat clef þare name of þan his i-cleped; þis his Gemagog his leope.
b
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)4/27 : Beo gehealden on þan þe þu habbe.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)10/39 : Wa þan þe for sceatte forsylð hine sylfne.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)63/28 : Wa þan mæn þe oðerne æt his æhte, oððe æt his feore beswicð, & þan byð wyrss þe mid yfele tyhtungen oðres mannes sawle to ecen forwurde beswicð.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)103/2 : Se deað gyf he cumð to þan þe elcað, þæt he to Gode gecerran nele, bute tweone he hine lædeð to þan ecen wite.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)263/16 : Wið yfele ȝesihþe fulfes [OE wulfes] flæsc wel ȝetawod & ȝesoden syle etan þam þe þearf sy.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)24/3 : Ða wæron ða underkyngæs þam casere underðeode to ðam ðe heo wolden.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)71 : Þe ðe mare ne mai don, do hit mid his gode þonke, Alse wel se þe þe haueð golde fele manke; And oft god kon mare þonc þen þe him ȝeueð lesse.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)74 : Lutel lac is gode lof þet kumeð of gode wille, And ec-lete [Trin-C: eðlate] muchel ȝeue of þan þe [McC: of him þat his] herte is ille.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)32/9 : Þo anlikneþ þan [Vices & V.(2): to hym] þet ne dar naȝt guo ine þe peþe uor þane snegge þet sseaweþ him his hornes.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)50/25 : Hit is of þan þet þe dyeuel halt be þa zenne.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)181/15 : Al þis deþ þe dyeuel gostliche to þan þet him let ouercome be his ulesse.
3.
In conjunctive phrases, chiefly prep. phrases, introducing subordinate clauses: (a) temporal: after ~ the (that), after [see also after conj. 1.(c)]; amonges ~ the, while; er ~, er ~ the (that), before [some quots. may belong to than conj. 5a., 5b. or thanne adv. 6b.(b)]; mid ~ the (that), while, when; (b) nontemporal: after ~ the (that), according as; bi ~ that, as, according as; by the fact that; because; also, in correl. construction: bi ~ that..bi ~ that, according as..even so; bi ~ the, as; er ~ the, rather than; for ~, because, for [see also for-than adv. & conj. 2.(a)]; for ~ that, because; in order that [see also for-than adv. & conj. 2.(b), (c)]; for ~ the, for ~ ~ the, because, for [see also for-than adv. & conj. 2.(b)]; also, for which reason, wherefore [quots. 1st & c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(1st), which could also be construed as prep. phrase and adverbial particle with the meaning 'therefore, consequently': cp. sense 1b.(b), and see Bruce Mitchell Old English Syntax para.3011]; ilichest ~ the, as if; in ~ that, in that; not for ~, although; to ~ that, in order that, so that; to ~..that, for that purpose..that, to that end..that; with ~ (that, provided that, on condition that; also, in order that [quot. c1230]; with ~ the, provided that, on condition that; ?also, in case, in the event that, if, lest [quot. c1150, 1st, which could also be construed as a prep. phrase and particle with the meaning 'against that, namely': cp. sense 1b.(b), and see Mitchell Old English Syntax para.2606]; withouten ~ that, except that.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1112 : Eall þis gear wunode se cyng Henri on Normandig..& on mang þam þe he þær wæs he be lænde þone eorl of Eureus.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)7/28 : Se þe anwealdes wilneð ofer his hlaford..he wyle þone hlaford lecgen anunder hine & setligen him mid þan þæt he sylf sitte þe ufer.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)19/13 : Hit gelamp æt sumen sæle þæt Zacharias eode into Godes temple, þa mid þan þe he on his gebeden stod, him æteowde Godes hehængel Gabriel.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)28/33 : Him com to Godes hæs, þæt heo scoldan fram þære manfulle stowe faren, ær þan þe seo wraca come.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)148/20 : Efne mid þam þe seo stemn þinre gretinge swegde on minum earum, þa blissode min cild on minum innoðe.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)227/8 : After þam þe he þane drenc ȝedruncan habbe, he seal gan & hine stirien.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Nicod.(Bod 343)6/23 : Ðu isihst hine biduppen on ðam watere & æft up ateon mid þam ylcæ heowe þe he hæfde ærror ær þan ðe he dufe.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)58/30 : Mid þam ðe he ðis ȝecwæð, þa spætte he on þa eorðan.
- c1200 Wor.Serm.in EGSt.7 (Wor Q.29)26 : Efter þen þet ure drictin hefde heuene ischapen and engles imaket, o mang heom ves on engel þet vas brithere and feire þene ani of þen oþre.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)814 : He..wass full off Haliȝ Gast Ær þann he borenn wære.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)93 : Ða apostoli siððan, er þon þet heo toferden, isetten iacob..on cristes selt.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)51 : Efter þan þe hie weren wuniende in ierusalem..and hadden þe fulle of wurldes richeisse, þo hie forleten godes lore.
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)83/21 : Þære wucan rædestre ganȝe to hlafe & drince, ærdan þe [L priusquam] heo beȝinne to rædenne.
- a1300 PMor.(Jes-O 29)18 : Elde is me bi-stolen on er þan ich hit wiste.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)38 : In his wisdom was al biðogt Ear ðanne it was on werlde brogt.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2435 : Or ðan he wiste off werlde faren, He bad hise kinde to him charen.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)158/31 : Þereuore zayþ saynt Ion Þet me ne leue naȝt þe gostes, ac þet me hise prouy erþan þet me hise onderuonge.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1100 : He æfre þas leode mid here & mid ungylde tyrwigende wæs, forþan þe on his dagan ælc riht afeoll.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)6/1 : Gyf þe þynce þæt þu towræne sy, wit þæt þinre ceola, for þan seo ceola is þære wambe freond, þanen þe cumeð þa unnytte lustes.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)44/28 : Maria is wlitigre þone se mone, for þan þe heo scinð buten ateorunge hire brihtnysse.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)56/1 : Þiss is se cwide þæs godcundlicen domes, be þan þe is gecweðen, 'Se þe halig is, beo he gyt swyðer gehalged.'
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)70/33 : Þysses middeneardes wæstme is ryre, & to þan he wexst þæt he fealle; to þy he sprytt þæt he into cwylde fornyme, swa hwæt swa he ær sprytte.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)93/10 : We ealle byð on þæs fulhtes bæðe, Gode to bearnen gehalgode, to þan þæt we seon gastlice gebroðre on þære soðen lufe.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)102/3 : Petrus cwæð beo þan mannen, þe heora synnen bewepeð, & eft..þa ilca synne wyrceð..þæt hit wære gelicost þan þe se hund wære eft gecerred to his spywðen.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)44/5 : Þam reowsiȝendum witodlice is þeo wæcce to biganne, forþam ðan ðe heo to heofenum up ahæfð þæs reowsiendæn wæstmæs.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)32/32 : Ða sæde him ðe Hælend syððan þis biȝspel..For þan ðe he us lærde mid þare licnesse & nolde þæt we loseden.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)76/12 : Heom leofere wæs to swæltanne for þæs Hælendes namen ær þam þe heo hine wiðsocen.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)78/19 : Summe dwolmen..nolden ilyfæn þæt þe..Hælend wære æfre..wuniende mid his heofenlice Fæder..ac, bi þon þe heo sædon, sum timæ sceolde beon ær þam þe ðe Hælend wære þe alle þing iwrohte.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)17621 : To þann comm icc off heffne dun To wurrþenn mann onn erþe, Þatt whase trowwenn shall onn me..Wel muhȝe ben wurrþi wiþþ me To brukenn eche blisse.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)18911 : He wass sennd þurrh Godd, Forrþi mihhte he..berenn wittness..Off Godess Suness come, Þatt shollde wurrþenn mann to þann Þatt menn himm mihhtenn cnawenn.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)89 : Heo..on-gunnen to speoken mid mislichen spechen bi þam þet þe halie gast him tahte.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)117 : Episcopus is..on englisc scawere, for he is iset to þon þet he scal ouerscawian mid his ȝeme þa lewedan.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)151 : He bi-het hom muche mede wið þan þet heo walde þis fecht underfon.
- a1200(?OE) Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)159 : Ech man sal eft mowen bi þan þe he nu soweð.
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)51/12 : On Godes halȝena freolstydum..swa swa we habboð ȝesed, þat man sceal don on þan sunnendaȝe, eallswa beo þonne ȝedon, wiþutan þan þæt þe sealmes..þe ȝerysoð to þan dæȝe beon ȝesæd.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)146/1 : Ȝef þu hauest cnif oðer clað..oðer ei oþer þing þet ham walde freamien, Vnnen þet tu hefdest wonte þe seolf þrof wið þon þet heo hit hefden.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)149/21 : Biðen ðet [Corp-C: bi þet; Cai: Bi þat þat] tet folc of israel wende þuruhut þe reade see, ðet was read & bitter, is bitocned ðet we moten þuruh rudi scheome passen to ðe heouene & þuruh bitter penitence.
- ?c1250 PMor.(Eg 613(1))173 : After þan [Lamb: efter þet] þe he haued idon, he scal þer beon idemed.
- ?c1250 PMor.(Eg 613(1))358 : Sume þer habbet lasse murhðe and sume habbed more, after þan þe hi dude her, after þan þe [Trin-C: þane þe; Eg(2): ðan þet; Dgb: þet; McC: þat þe] hi swonke sore.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4116 : Al þine wille he wule don wið þon þe þu him ȝeue grið.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15075 : He wolde aȝein wenden heom to his folke..and grið þær halden..wið þan he moste king beon ihouen and ihalden.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)532 : I..shal maken þe fre..With-þan þu wilt þis child take, And leden him with þe to-nicht..In-to þe se, and don him þer-inne.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2019 : Ghe bed him gold..To maken him riche man and fre, Wið ðhan ðat he wið here wile.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3010 : He gaf hem leue ðo vt to faren, Wið ðanne ðat he to londe ef[t] charen.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)55/23 : Zuich uolk zeneȝeþ..Verst in greate despenses þet hi makeþ efterward ine þan þet hi hit vseþ ine to grat hete.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)106/20 : Ac to þan þet þou onderstanst betere huet is to zigge 'þi name by yhalȝed ine ous,' þou sselt ywyte þet þis word 'holy' is ase moche worþ ase 'klene.'
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)119/17-18 : Be þan þet [Vices & V.(2): after þat; F selom ce que] ech profiteþ ine guode and agrayþeþ his herte and him yefþ to gode, be þan þet [?read: be þan; Vices & V.(2): riȝt so; F selom ce] god him yefþ more and more of grace.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)156/24 : To ham me ssel nime hede uerst uor þan þet he habbe pite.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)195/18 : Yef to god be þan þet he heþ þe y-yeue.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)204/12 : Vele guode men and stronge habbeþ by y-nome and ouercome be þan þet [Vices & V.(2): for] hi ne lokede naȝt wel þise gates.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)647 : Ysayȝe..clepede him wonderful for þon Þat he is soþ God and soþ man.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)595/22 : Of sir Trystram I bothe herde and sawe, and natforthan we love nat inwardly well togydyrs, yet at my myscheffe sir Trystram rescowed me fro my deth.
4.
In phrase: neigh ~, nearly, almost.
Associated quotations
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)33 : Ðat was adam þe ferde ut fran þe fulle edinesse of paradis in to þesse wrecheliche hateringe of þisse worelde and ledde after him neih þan al his ofspreng.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10919 : Neh þan alle clæne nakede heo weoren.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11147 : Þa Irisce men weoren nakede neh þan.