Middle English Dictionary Entry

thā̆n pron.(1)
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1a.
As anaph. or dem. pron., referring to a previously mentioned specific person or thing: that one, him, it; ~ the, him who; also, that which, what [1st quot.].
1b.
As anaph. or dem. pron., pointing to a previously mentioned action or statement or a group or series of things or actions that can now be considered coll., or to the time during which previously-referred-to events occurred: (a) in temporal prep. phrases: after ~, after that, after that happened, afterward [see also after prep. 3.(e); some quots. may belong to thanne adv. 4.]; bitwixe (under) ~, meanwhile; er (erer) ~, before that [some quots. may belong to thanne adv. 4.]; mid (with) ~, with that, then, thereupon; (b) in nontemporal prep. phrases: after ~, furthermore; following that; accordingly; al for (for al) ~, in spite of all that, nevertheless; bi ~, concerning that, concerning this; by that, by this, thereby; for ~, on that account, for that reason, therefore, consequently [see also for-than adv. & conj. 1.]; mid ~, by that; also, in addition; ne (no, not, nought) for ~, despite that, nevertheless [see also for-than adv. & conj. 3., not adv. 4.(c), nought-for-than adv. & conj.]; of ~, of that, of this; on ~, by that, by this; over ~, beyond that; to ~, to that, for that, to that end; to ~ swithe, to that degree; up ~, ?as against that, even so; ?on that subject; with ~, in spite of that.
1c.
Used anaphorically, as rel. pron.: to whom; following a prep.: whom, which [some exx. could also be construed as sense 1a.]; ~ that, whom, which; ~ the, which.
2.
As cataphoric pron.: (a) used demonstratively, referring to a person or thing about to be mentioned: that, him; also, as rel. pron.: whom [last quot.]; ~ the, him who, that which; to ~ (swithe, swithli)..that, to such an extent or degree..that as a result (sb. did sth., sth. occurred, etc.), so..that; (b) used indefinitely: ~ that, to him who; following a prep.: him who, him whom, whomever; ~ the, to him who, to whomever, for him who; following a prep.: him who, whomever, that which.
3.
In conjunctive phrases, chiefly prep. phrases, introducing subordinate clauses: (a) temporal: after ~ the (that), after [see also after conj. 1.(c)]; amonges ~ the, while; er ~, er ~ the (that), before [some quots. may belong to than conj. 5a., 5b. or thanne adv. 6b.(b)]; mid ~ the (that), while, when; (b) nontemporal: after ~ the (that), according as; bi ~ that, as, according as; by the fact that; because; also, in correl. construction: bi ~ that..bi ~ that, according as..even so; bi ~ the, as; er ~ the, rather than; for ~, because, for [see also for-than adv. & conj. 2.(a)]; for ~ that, because; in order that [see also for-than adv. & conj. 2.(b), (c)]; for ~ the, for ~ ~ the, because, for [see also for-than adv. & conj. 2.(b)]; also, for which reason, wherefore [quots. 1st & c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(1st), which could also be construed as prep. phrase and adverbial particle with the meaning 'therefore, consequently': cp. sense 1b.(b), and see Bruce Mitchell Old English Syntax para.3011]; ilichest ~ the, as if; in ~ that, in that; not for ~, although; to ~ that, in order that, so that; to ~..that, for that purpose..that, to that end..that; with ~ (that, provided that, on condition that; also, in order that [quot. c1230]; with ~ the, provided that, on condition that; ?also, in case, in the event that, if, lest [quot. c1150, 1st, which could also be construed as a prep. phrase and particle with the meaning 'against that, namely': cp. sense 1b.(b), and see Mitchell Old English Syntax para.2606]; withouten ~ that, except that.
4.
In phrase: neigh ~, nearly, almost.