Middle English Dictionary Entry
tē̆nden v.(3)
Entry Info
| Forms | tē̆nden v.(3) Also tend(e, tiende, tind; sg.3 tendeth, etc. & tent, tend; p.sg.2 tendest; sg.3 tende, tent(e; pl. tended(en, tenteden, tend(en; ppl. tend(e(d, itend(e, i)tent, itenð. |
| Etymology | OE *tendan, as in ātendan, fortendan, ontendan. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To set (sth.) on fire, light, ignite; also fig.;—also without obj. [quot. a1450]; kindle (a fire); ~ up; ppl. tended, lighted; also, burning [quot. c1325]; fir-tended, ablaze; also fig.; (b) to consume (sth.) with fire, destroy; also fig.; ~ up; (c) to heat (sth.); ~ up; ppl. tended, heated, boiling; (d) to feed (fire), sustain; keep (a lamp) lit; also fig.; maintain heat in (sth.); (e) to burn; also, catch fire, become ignited; ~ to leie, burst into flame.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)81 : Ene gnast..wule aquikien and al þe brond tenden.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)81 : He scal his sunne uor-saken..and bon itent of þen hali gast; Alse is þe brond of þe lutle fure.
- c1225 St.Juliana (Roy 17.A.27)58/499 : Make us ananriht misliche pinen; tend fur & feche hweol.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)672 : After þe children nu me sendeþ; Hem to berne fir me tendeþ.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (Hrl 2277:Wright)p.14 : Whan we schule do oure servise, oure Loverd tent [Ashm: tend] oure liȝt.
- c1300 SLeg.Dunstan (LdMisc 108)16 : Seint Dunstones moder taper a-fuyre werth a-non..Þarof huy tenden alle heore liȝt þat weren in þe place.
- c1300 S.Leg.Faith(1) (LdMisc 108)60 : Huy streiȝhten hire a-long and a-croiz and gret fuyr þare-onder tende.
- a1325 SLeg.Magd.(1) (Corp-C 145)328 : Into þe chancel he wende..þe taperes i vond itende.
- ?c1335 Swet ihc hend (Hrl 913)p.82 : Helle worþ ȝur mede; Þe bow is bend, þe fire itend To ȝow.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11022 : Þo nome tende taperes þe bissops in hor hond.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.22.6 : Ȝif fyre..catche þe rekis of corn..he schall ȝelde þe harme þat tyndiþ [WB(2): kyndlide; L succenderit] þe fyre.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.50.11 : Ȝe alle tending vp [vr. teendende; WB(2): kyndlynge] fijr & gird with flawmes, goþ in þe liȝt of ȝoure fijr & in þe flaumes þat ȝee teenden vp to ȝou.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.7.9 : The olde of days sat..his trone of flawme of fijr, the whelis of hym fijr tendid.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.177 : In þis lond is a welle þat quencheþ brennynge brondes, and tendeþ brondes þat beeþ a queynt.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.17 : I-tend in þe fire, hit [stone] feseþ awey serpentes; if hit is hotter, hit holdeþ what hym neigheþ.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.238 : Þo þat weren in heuene token stella comata And tendeden [vrr. tenteden, tendid; C: tenden] hir as a torche.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)120/23-4 : Wolde God þat alle suche oules wiþ þer heie hornus..weren aliȝt, fuir-itent wiþ þe fuir þat Crist com to tende.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)236/16 : If..Aliens come to þe lande..men shulde tende [vr. light] þe bikenes þat þe contre miȝt ben warnede.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Luke 11.33 : No man tendith [WB(1): liȝtneth; vr. teendith] a lanterne and puttith in hidils, nether vndur a buyschel, but on a candilstike.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)17978 : The Troyens..tende hire fir more than ten sithe, But it ȝede out by on & on.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)171/1 : Schot of wyldefuyr..and hit fastne in eny tymber or tree, hit tendith and brenneþ.
- ?a1450 Mem.Cred.(Tan 201)194/12 : A bronde þat is y tende bifore takiþ fuyr lyȝtlokour þan a noþer.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4179 : Þan fell..rede fire..It tinds on tend lowe trappour of stede, And many costious costis consumes in-to askis.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)60/29 : He..schuld aftyr tynd mony mannys charite, þat was befor qwenchet by envy.
- a1500 Diseases Women(3) (Yale-M 47)51/432 : Let hire smel stynkynge þynges as..gootes here or schepys horne..or a weke weet in oyle, tent, and quenched aȝeyn.
b
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)134/9 : Cwench hit mid teares of watere..þeo hwule ðet hit nis buten a sperke er þen hit waxe & tende [Corp-C: ontende] ðe so þet tu hit ne muwe a cwenchen.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.29.25 : Þou schalt take all þe þingis fro þe hondis of hem & þou schalt teende [WB(2): brenne; L incendes] apon þe auter..þe most swete smell.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.30.7 : Aaron schall brenne þe ensennce swete smellyng..whenn he schal aray þe lanterns, he schall teenden it.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.8.21 : Al þe weþer he tende to geders vpon þe auter.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 3.3 : He tende vp þe maad encense.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.8.13 : Teende þou not colis of synneres..lest þou be tend with þe flawme of þe fijr of þe synnes of þem.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Little Jew (Hrl 2277)37 : Þat folc nom þe childes fader & þouene wel hote tende & caste þe cherl amidde.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 41.11 : Of his nesetherlis goþ forþ smoke as of a tend pot [WB(2): pot set on the fier] & booiling.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.1.13 : A pot tend vp [WB(2): buylynge; L succensam] I see.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.3.19 : He bad that the fourneyse shulde be sette on fijre seuen fold hatter than it was wont for to be tendid [WB(2): maad hoot].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.7.3 : The kyng wrothe comaundide pannes of brasse and brasen pottis for to be tendid.
d
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)556 : Non oyle wiþ-ynne Nabbeþ to tende godes liȝt.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.24.2 : Comaunde..þat þei bryngyn to þee oile of olyuys..to þe laternys to been tende [WB(2): ordeyned; L ad concinnandas lucernas] contynuelly.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)241b/b : Papirus is a maner Russhe þat is druyed to tende fuyre [L ad nutrimentum ignium] and lanternes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)314b/a : Suche mete..is soone y-wasted for his sotil substaunce and tendiþ also hete.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)317a/b : Raw hony..tiendeþ colera and bredeþ a feuer.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)319b/b : Melk..teendeþ vnkynde hete and feuerous.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)Jas.3.6 : Þe tonge is fuyr & uniuersyte of wikkednesse ..& heo is y-tend of þe fuyr of helle & tendeþ þe wheol of oure natyuyte.
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)247/23-4 : Mirre and baume tendiþ a mannes kyndeliche hete, as oile tendiþ and norisshiþ fier.
- a1500 Heyle fairest (Cmb Ff.2.38)55 : Heyle tapur that euyr ys tende.
e
- c1225 St.Juliana (Roy 17.A.27)34/284 : Ich makede tenden ierusalem ant driuen hit to duste.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)523 : Þe sonne..drauȝth up..eorþe..ase it were a druye breth..And ȝwane it comez a-mong þe fuyre, sone it bi-gynnez forto tiende.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)163/34 : Þo he was to churche ibroȝt..Alle þe lampen of þe churche þoru liȝt of heuene tende.
- a1400(a1325) Glo.Chron.B (Trin-C R.4.26)820/12 : Þis fur was wiþinne euere vort hit com at þan ende Wiþoute to þe hurden þo gan hit to liȝe tende.
- a1500(a1400) Libeaus (Lamb 306)1841 : A ffyre well starke and store..tente and brende bright.
2.
(a) To arouse (sb., someone's passions), incite, enflame; stir up (lust, strife, etc.); also, inspire (sb.); ~ up;ppl. tended, incited; (b) to be incensed, burn with rage; also, rage (against sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)97 : Þe halia gast..deð þere monnan heortan..þet heo beoð..itenð þurh lufe and snoternesse.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)81 : Þes ilke Mon is strong to sermonen, ah crist hine tende mid holde mode.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)10/56 : Heo wes swa itend of wreaððe þet wod ha walde iwurden.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)12/70 : Wepnede hire wið soðe bileaue..ant com leapinde forð, al itent of þe lei of þe hali gast.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)28/74 : Manie he tornede to cristindom and þene holi gost on heom tende Þoruȝ miracles þat he dude.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judith 8.12 : Þis woord is not þat styre mercy, but raþere þat arere wrathe & teende woodnesse.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Esth.1.12 : Þe king, wroth & with myche woodnesse tend, askede þe wise men, [etc.].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.78.5 : Hou longe, lord..shal ben tend vp as fijr þi jelouste?
- c1390 NHom.Abbess (Vrn)28 : Þe fend..was bysy To tende lust in hire body.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)63b/a : Þis lycour is resolued in þe reynes of beestis & brediþ & tendiþ likinge of loue.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)74/698 : Þan was þe Emperoure wunder tende.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)8.60 : Now shal the bole his wyuys to hym take..ffor veer their Venus brond hath tende.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2)1320 : Hast þow I-smelled any þynge þat hath tend thy lykynge, Of mete or drynke or spysory, þat þow hast after I-synned by?
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)684 : Cupidus..A bryht brenninge brond he bereþ on his hondis And alle lechurus lust of þe lem tendeþ.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11957 : Þen was kyng occozi yll tend; full grett othes þen con he swere.
- a1500 Partenay (Trin-C R.3.17)2097 : But of luxemborught the duke on gan take, He puttyng Away ther huge debate tende, Off Brehaignons kyng to fyght was bende.
b
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4416 : In is wod rage he wende Vor to awreke is vncle deþ; as fur is herte tende [B vrr. tent; brende].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.5.23 : From þe stony wrathe ful hailes shul ben sent & water of þe se shal teenden [WB(2): schal wexe whijt; L excandescet] in to þem.
- a1500 Partenay (Trin-C R.3.17)3213 : Off the dispite..with wreth tende hys goste.
3.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1301) Nickname in LuSE 55176 : Rog. Tendebrand.
- (1379) Nickname in LuSE 55176 : Joh. Tendlathe.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)46/3 : The brondes þat weren not kyndled nor tend becomen white roseres full of roses.
Note: Postdates sense 1.(b).--per REL