Middle English Dictionary Entry
swift(e adj.
Entry Info
Forms | swift(e adj. Also swifht, swiffete, squift, sweft, (K) zuift(e & (?errors) swif(f, swight, (errors) swist, swihte; comp. swifter(e, -or(e, -ur(e, swiftre, sweftor & (errors) swithter, swyftetur; sup. swiftest, (?error) swifterest. |
Etymology | OE swift |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) In rapid motion, moving quickly, fast; of movement: characterized by high speed or rapid velocity; also, in adverbial phrase: comen swiftere cours, to come more swiftly; (b) capable of rapid movement; able to run fast, fleet; also fig.; as noun: swift horses [quot. a1382]; sup. as noun: the swiftest arrow [quot. a1425(?a1400)]; ~ horsed, provided with a fast horse; ~ of (in) cours, ~ on fot, fleet; ~ of flight (wing), swift of flight (wing), able to fly swiftly; (c) of wings, feathers: producing rapid flight; also in fig. context; ~ to flight, swift in flight; (d) of water, a stream, wind: fast-moving, swiftly rushing; of a flood of water: swiftly rising; also, fig. of joy: rising; (e) of the pulse: beating rapidly; of breathing: quickened, panting; (f) of rumor, report: quick-spreading; of thought: rapid; (g) of the tongue: articulate; quick to speak, garrulous; (h) transient, fleeting, brief; (i) the word 'swift'; (j) in conventional comparisons and prov. expressions.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)41/7 : Se ængel Abacuc..bær hine swiftlice to þære foresæde burh & to þære leone seaðe swyðe swifte flihte.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.114 : Thise philosophres write That heuene is swift and round and eek brennynge.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 17.18 : Þei forsoþe wenten [in] in a suift pas.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1509 : Swyfte swaynes ful swyþe swepen þertylle, Kyppe kowpes in honde kyngez to serve.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1385 : For swifter [vr. swyftetur] cours comth thyng that is of wighte, Whan it descendeth, than don thynges lighte.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)68b/a : Velor [read: Velox]: swyffete [Add 33534: smart or swyft; StJ-C: smert or swythe].
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.m.4.17 : We ben wont somtyme by a swift poyntel to fycchen lettres emprientid in the smothnesse or in the pleynesse of the table of wex or in parchemyn.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)361/25 : It is vnioynted happely withoute cause outake swyfte [*Ch.(1): fast] walkynge.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.54 : As a swalwe gerissh of hir fliht, Tween slouh & swifft.
- ?c1450(a1388) Wallingford Exafrenon (Dgb 67)213 : Fore ever the ferther he [planet] is fro the Erthe, the swithter [?read: swifter] he is of mevynge and of stronger enprentynge.
- a1500 Lo here is (Tan 407)41 : In þe hore hethys I se..The swyfte flyght of hawkes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2366 : Than I..Beheld to my horse, þat hote was of Rennyng, All swoty for swyme and his swift course.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6972 : A der Þatt iss Dromeluss nemmnedd..iss swa swifft.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2944 : Þa oðere weoren swifte [Otho: swihte], heore wepnen weoren lihte.
- a1300 A Mayde Cristes (Jes-O 29)29 : Ne beo he no þe swift, ne may he fleo, ne weren his lif enne day.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8174 : Ȝare hors beþ suiftore [vr. sweftor] þan ȝoure be.
- c1350 Ayenb.App.(Arun 57)268/12 : Hy lybbeþ, hy smackeþ, hy louyeþ..hy byeþ zuyfte.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.30.16 : To hors wee shul fleen; þerfore ȝee shul fleen & vp on swift [L veloces] ȝee [alt. to: we] shul steȝen vp.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6005 : Progne..was torned out of kinde Into a Swalwe swift of winge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)148b/b : Þe swolewe is..most swifte of fliȝte.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)174a/b : Þe peple is..merye and gladde..and swyfte in course and in rennynge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)193a/b : Þe men þere..ben swyfte on foote þat þey folowen and taken wylde bestes with rennyng.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)3730 : Am I noȝt so squyft on fote.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)949 : The swiftest of these Arowis fyue Out of a bowe forto dryue..And fairest eke, was clepid Beaute.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.4.7 : Deth ne taryeth nat his swifte hors.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)88/26 : Athalenta was merveilously swifte, so þat noon myȝt strecche to hir in rennynge.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)204/19 : Geff hit to thy servaunte that is swyffte-horsed, and bere hit unto sir Howell.
- a1500(a1449) Lydg.Haste (Cmb Kk.1.6)82 : Asael was hasti of rennyng, More swyft of cours than outher hert or hynde.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)3635 : I must haue A shippe..swiff [?read: swift] vnder a saile.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)209 : Merlin..and..Bretell..made hym to lepe on a steede that was stronge and swyfht.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)324 : A grete horse..was wonder stronge and swight.
- a1500 Lo here is (Tan 407)39 : I se the hare sterte..And the swyfte grefoundes renne.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2107 : Tho fame with hire swifte wynges Aboute flyh and..made it cowth in alle londes How that Horestes..Climestre his oghne Moder slowh.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4275 : Fame & rumor is y-ronne With swyfte wynges.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.1.1 : I have..swifte fetheris that surmounten the heighte of the hevene.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)23.450 : To him there Cam..A wondirful brid..His feet like an Egle..Wondirful wynges & swyft to flyht.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)55 : The stede of Perseus was callid the Pegase, With swift wengis.
d
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)129/27 : Alswa i strong wind & swifte weattres þe me mot ouerwaden of monie.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1450 : Hervnder is..A water boþe swift and stepe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)153b/b : Þat oþer manere ryuer hatte torrens and is a water þat comeþ wiþ a swifte rees and passeth and hatte torrens.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.735 : A large riuer..on tweyne haþ partid þe cite, Of cours ful swyft.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.3.7 : The sonne is hydd..whan sterres ben covered with cloudes by a swyft wynd that hyghte Chorus.
- a1456(1429) Lydg.Mum.Mercers (Trin-C R.3.20)4 : Phebus..Reflecteþe his light vpon þe swyfft streeme.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4385 : Þan haue we liking to lithe þe late of þe foules, Þe swoȝing of þe swift wynde & of þe swete wellis.
- a1500 Let.Alex.(Wor F.172)278 : Our Duke..refresshith hym bi the heete With swift Ioie.
e
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)27b/a : Þe puls is knowe by þe tyme of mouynge, and so he is I-clepid swift, slowe, and mene.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)28b/a : Drede makeþ þe puls swift.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)49b/a : In þis yuel þat greueþ þe þrote, swift breeþ is a good token.
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)114 : She hath these forsaid tokens..the vryn is moche thynne, full citrine, the pousse riȝt swyft.
- a1475 *Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)111/9 : Cathalempsie..makiþ a man..to haue a swifte breþing.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)36a/a : That þe lungis ben colde and drie of kynde it apperiþ wel bi þis swift stirynge.
f
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ruth 1.19 : Swift [L velox] loos anentis alle men wex opyn, & þe wymmen seidyn, 'þis is þe ylke Noemy.'
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1841 : Damages þat wer forȝete clene, By fals report..Renewed ben, þoruȝ þe swifte fame.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.659 : The swifte Fame..Was thorughout Troie yfled with preste wynges Fro man to man.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.1.3 : Whanne the swifte thoght hath clothid itself in tho fetheris, it despiseth the hateful erthes.
g
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Mdst A.13)103/294 : Wimman is word-wod & haueþ tunge to swift [vr. swist].
- (1402) Hoccl.Cupid (Hnt HM 744)143 : The tonge of man so swift is and so Wight.
- c1450 My ladyes (Frf 16)136 : Your tonge hath not forgete his sowne, Quyk, sharp, and swyft is hyt, and lowyd and shill.
h
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12170 : He forr to tacnenn uss Þurrh Cristess swiffte sihhþe Eorþlike shorrte lif.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)113/998 : Þe alið..in þe riche of heouene for þis swifte pine þet aswikeð so sone blissen buten ende.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.5.21 : Thow devydest the swyfte tydes of the nyght, whan the hote somer is comen.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.92 : It..byndeth itself to som maner presence of this litle and swifte moment.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)350 : O wikke Fame! for ther nys Nothing so swift, lo, as she is!
i
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)154b/a : He [Tigris] renneþ..as it were an arwe; there-fore in the langage of perce 'tigris' and 'swyfte' and 'an arwe' arne al one.
j
- c1225 SWard (Roy 17.A.27)36/345 : Ha beoð as lihte & as swifte as þe sunne glem.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)51/25 : Ancres bisperret her schulen beo þer ȝef ei mei lihtre ba & swiftre [Nero: swifture].
- a1275 *St.Marg.(2) (Trin-C B.14.39)210 : Ic com þider sone, swift as an erne.
- c1330(?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch)p.661 : Swift ase swalwe he com ride.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)66/11 : Þer is a feloun þet heþ þe tonge more keruinde þanne rasour, more zuyfter þanne arwe ulyinde.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 1.23 : Saul & Jonathas..in deþ..ben not deuyded, swiftere þan egles, strengere þan liownes.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.190 : Grehoundes he hadde as swift as fowel in flight.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.8371 : Swift as grehond þat renneþ oute of lees.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5024 : Present tyme abidith nought; It is more swift than any thought.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1924 : And ever mo, as swyft as thought, This queynte hous aboute wente, That never mo hyt stille stente.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)190/18 : Man..is hardy as a lyon..lyght and sqwyft as a kydde, slow and sloggi as a beer.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)1347 : He ys swyftyr þan ony roo.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)11664 : Soules..in heuen blis..shal euere be..Swift as winde and as snow white.
2.
(a) Prompt, quick-acting; of a people: hasty to act; with inf.: prompt (to do sth.); ready (to do sth.), prepared (to do sth.) promptly; also, too quick (to do sth.), over-hasty; ~ to ivel, disposed to do evil; (b) timely, done without delay; of an event: soon to come, swiftly ensuing; of an answer: ready, given immediately; of feasting: ?done quickly; (c) agile, lively, active; -- also in fig. context: eager; (d) adept, apt; clever; (e) easily accomplished; ben of ~ dislocacioun, to be easy to dislocate.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13496 : Heo..þiderward gunnen liðen, stið-imodede men & swifte, slauþe bidæled.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)535 : Þat folk was boþe swift and sleiȝe; Þat werk was arered brest-heiȝe.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)141/6 : Efterward þe milde is wel zuift and wel ingnel.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Hab.1.6 : Y shal reyse Caldeis, a bitter folk and swift.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Jas.1.19 : Be ech man swift for to here..slowe for to speke, and slowe to wraththe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)13a/a : Þe spiritis beþ kendeliche strong & swifte to do goddes wille.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)792 : He es swyft to spek on his manere And latsom and slaw for to here.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.298 : God..wolde swiftely have brouȝt hem [new orders] forþ bi Crist, swifterest [vr. swiftest] of alle þingis.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)112 : That thou nere swift, wel maist thou wepe and crien.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)102/31 : Corages er swyft to euyl, & lightly bowen to contrarious willes.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)265 : No man shulde be to swifte To caste a-way oure lordis blesside gyfte.
- a1500 For the begynnyng (Hrl 3810)262/31 : Be swyfte to here and slow to speke.
b
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)72/21 : Se mycele Godes dæig is swyðe gehænde & þearle swift.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.11.24 : In swift worshipe þe forþgoyng of hym makeþ frute.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)2 Pet.1.14 : The puttyng off of my tabernacle is swift.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)41.5 : In steuen of gladschip and ofe schrifte -- Dine of etand þat es swifte.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.370 : Suffraunce is a souereygne vertue and a swyfte [vf. swif] veniaunce.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)567 : Of þis swift answer þei wer swith glad.
c
- c1400 Wycl.CGosp.Matthew (Add 28026:Hudson)7/89 : By word .. 'lippynge' [i.e. 'leaping]] þe turnyng aboute of body by styrynges of mynstreles is not signified here, but þe deuocioun of swyft herte and religiouse smartnesse of membres.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3832 : A Tigre..Is most swift as of his nature And of kynd also most sauage.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.8.32 : Maystow ben swyftere [F plus isneaus] than the tigre?
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)483 : Swyfte: Agilis..alacer.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.872 : In folis as they are adolescentis..Quyk, swift, and stiryng with hillarite.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Esd.7.6 : Þis esdras steȝede vp from babiloyne & he a swift scribe in þe lawe off Moises.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Prov.22.29 : Hast þou seen a swift man in his werk?
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)40a/a : He þat haþ suche a brayne is swifte & good of disciplyne of lore.
e
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)105a/a : The kne is of swifte dislocacioun..it is dislocate without cause outake fast walkyng.
3.
In surnames and as place name.
Associated quotations
- (1166) in Pipe R.Soc.925 : Swift.
- (1167) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames340 : William Swift.
- (1194) CRR(1) 1100 : Ricardus Sweft.
- (1202) Assize R.Lin.in Lin.RS 2216 : Willelmus Swift.
- (1209) Pipe R.Winch64/6 : In defectu terræ Swift tractæ in dominicum.
- (1220) Bk.of Fees303 : Edoardus Swyft.
- (1251) Assize R.Yks.in YASRS 4468 : Ralph Swift.
- (1296-7) Acc.Cornw.in RHS ser.3.68157 : Ade Swyft.
- (1301) Nickname in LuSE 55195 : Ric. Wyndswyft.
- (1316) Nickname in LuSE 55195 : Ad. Wyndswift.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3100 : Johannes Swyft.
- (1377) Nickname in SAU 63190 : Ric. Swyft.
- (1469) Nickname in SAU 63190 : Ric. Swift.