Middle English Dictionary Entry
swart adj.
Entry Info
Forms | swart adj. Also swarte, swert(e & (early) sward, swærte, swerta, sweart(e, sweorte, swierte, (gen.) sweartes, (infl.) swartan, swertan, sweartan & (in place names) swarta-, swarth-, swar-, swerth-; comp. swarter(e, (early) swarture, swartre, swarttore, suartore. |
Etymology | OE sweart |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Of the sky, a cloud, weather, water, etc.: dark or darkened; lowering, threatening; of the sun: dark, obscured; of darkness: heavy, thick; also in fig. context; ~ night, dark night; also fig.; (b) of a place: lacking illumination; also in fig. context; (c) of iron, pitch, linen, a dye, a humor, etc.: dark in color; also, black; also in fig. context; ~ smeked, blackened with smoke; (d) of fire, a flame: ?smoky, dark; ?reddish black; (e) of color: black; dark; also, glossing L sinopidus: ?dark red; ~ red (yelwe, blod-red), deep or dark red (yellow, etc.); ~ blak, dead black; (f) of a wound: discolored, black; of a part of the body: livid from being bruised or broken; (g) of the skin, complexion, etc.: dark-colored, swarthy; black; also fig.; livid from suffering [quot. a1400]; wan, pallid [quot. ?a1439]; also, as noun: a swarthy person; -- used fig.; (h) wicked, evil; (i) ~ wroth, very angry; (j) error for quert(e adj.; (k) in surnames and place names [see Smith PNElem.2.171].
Associated quotations
a
- 1122 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1122 : Þa wearð swiðe mycel wind fram þa undern dæies to þa swarte nihte.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Evang.(Bod 343)18/26 : On dæȝe biddæþ þa ðe ðenne biddæþ, na on swearte ðeostrum ðisseræ costnungæ.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)66/24 : Nis hit na swa þeah swa we on ðare swarte nihte ure life adreoȝon buton Cristes lihte.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)126/19 : Þær næfre ateoræð þeo swearte niht ne þeo þystre dymnes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5974 : Swurken vnder sunnen sweorte weolcnen.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)12/97 (1st occurrence) : Iþet ilke swarte [vr. þicke swarte] þeosternesse swarte þinges ha iseoð as deoflen þet ham meallið.
- ?a1300 Fiftene toknen (Dgb 86)23 : Þe riȝte sunne þat is so briȝt, Hey and feir and wel iliȝt, Bicomeþ suartore þen þe pich.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)426/198 : Ase he a-slepe lay him þouȝhte he saiȝ a..brugge, swyþe fayr and heiȝ, A deop watur and swart bi-neoþe.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(Hrl 2277)357 : Þe grislikeste weder þat miȝte beo com fram þe west, Swart & durc & grislich & ouercaste al þan toun.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1123 : Ðe swarte flum, ðe dede se, Non fis non fuel ðor-inne mai be.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11743 : A derk weder þer aros So demliche suart inou þat mani man agros.
- ?c1350 Swete ihu cryst (BodLtrg 104)26 : A knyt wit a kene spere þerlede his syde; Þe herþe quakede, þe sonne bi-com swart þat erer schon wel wide.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)352/5329 : Nopos [read: Inopos] colour is mast lyk wyn, thyk & blakyssh as wyn of Calabre..or ellys lyk mody water þat is swart & redyssh.
- ?a1425(?a1350) SLeg.Guth.(Jul D.9)122 : Hi bere him al touard þe nord in þe luft an hey In clouden darc and suarte.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)16877 : He gan to looke vpe jnto þe eyr..he Sawhe the Skyes bothe trowble & swart.
- c1450 Kynge of grace (Trin-C B.11.24)33 : The hye son..shalle be swarte as any pyche.
b
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)118/3 : Witodlice seo swearte nywelnysse þe þu gesege mid þan ormæten þeostren & fulen stæncen, se is helle muð.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)90/11 : Ȝif God forlet þa sawle, þonne swelt heo on þam swartan dæle.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14001 : Ich heo adu[n] sette in ane swarte putte.
c
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1127 : Here hundes ealle swarte & bradegede & ladlice, & hi ridone on swarte hors & on swarte bucces.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)205/10 : Hyra wyrtruma his ȝehwæde & swert.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)227/4 : Þeos wyrt hafeð sæd on grene codde..& hit byð sweart [L fuscum].
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)3/21 : Feower wætun syndon on þan manniscen lichama..and se swerta ȝealle innan ðare blædran.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)13/10 : Þa healsgunda..beoð acennede of þan swerten wætan, and hy reade atywþ.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)53 : Þos blaca tadden..bi-tacneð þes riche men þe habbeð þes mucheles weorldes ehte..þeos ilke ehte þe þeos þus ouerliggeð heom turneð to swart atter.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)163 : Ðe chir[ch]e cloðes ben to brokene and ealde, and hise wiues shule ben hole and newe..te albe sol and hire smoc hwit, þe haued line sward and hire winpel wit.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)20/24 : His lockes & his longe berd blikeden al of golde & his grisliche teð semden of swart irn.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)147/16 : Lime is þe frensch of file; Nis hit or acurset þe iwurðeð swartre [Cai: þe swartere; Nero: þe swarture] & ruhre se hit is ifilet mare?
- ?a1300 11 Pains(1) (Dgb 86)403/75 : Mo soulen þolieþ þer sech wo..ffourþer þer is a water hot..blacore þen þe swarte pich.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)363 : Þis..toun..schal ȝe dumpe depe to þe abyme, To be swolȝed swyftly wyth þe swart erþe.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)93/4 : The carbuncle..is blak or swarte [L cineritia].
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)465 : On hys crest sat a rauen swart.
- c1450 Swarte smekyd (Arun 292)1 : Swarte smekyd smeþes smateryd wyth smoke Dryue me to deth wyth den of here dyntes.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)1254 : Brod were hys eyȝen..Swart teþ, and blo and ȝolw was hys swyre.
- c1500 Recipe MSS Hast.in HMC (Hnt HU 1051)1.424 : To mak swerte colour: Tak sude and temper it with gum water.
d
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)117/2 : Efne þa færlice æteowden gelomlæcende leges sweartes fyres up astigende.
- a1200(?c1175) PMor.(Trin-C B.14.52)282 : Afre þar is euel smech, þiesternesse, and eie; Nis þar nafre oder liht þan þe swarte [Eg(2): swierte; Dgb: þiester] leie.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5081 : Heo..nomen anlicnes þe Mahun weoren ihatene..heo heom letten swalen inne swærte fure.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)157/19 : Wið uten us al þe world leitinde o swart lei up in to þe skiwes.
e
- (?a1390) Daniel *Herbal (Add 27329)f.24vb : Basilica maior domestica: dragans .. hatz a flour swart blac, red, & opnende; a tung in þe middes lyk a ȝelland dragon.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)117/1456 : If þe wyn be thyk & hy in colour, id est, dep swart rede, þe uryn is mare dep & thyk.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)352/5330 : Nopos [read: Inopos] colour is mast lyk wyn, thyk & blakyssh as wyn of Calabre..or ellys lyk mody water þat is swart & redyssh, as yu seis in sum cuntris þare þe sole is redyssh..swart red or swart blud rede.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)482 : Swarte, of colowre: Sinopidus, secundum phisicos, fuscus, niger.
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)114 : Yf it be of melancolie..þe veynes of her legges ben of swart yelowe colour of lede.
- c1450 Chaucer HF (Frf 16)1647 : Eolus..gan this trumpe for to blow..And suche a smoke gan out wende Out of his foule trumpes ende, Blak, bloo, grenyssh, swart rede, As dothe where that men melt lede.
- a1475 *Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)181/12 : It behoueþ to see wheþir..þe brest be hote..and his colour be swarte ȝelewe.
- a1500 Diseases Women(3) (Yale-M 47)31/72 : Hyre yeen ben of swart rede coloure.
- a1500 Diseases Women(3) (Yale-M 47)33/106 : Þer vryn is sum tyme swart yelowe, sum tyme þynne and febull of coloure.
f
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)55/15 : Wið þan sweartan dolh, cnuca þa wyrt mid hur wyrtwalan..leȝe on þan dolȝum.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10049 : He vel of is palefrey & brec is fot be cas; So suart so eni crowe amorwe is fot was.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2908 : Wyþ sturne staues þay him bute..þat after euerech of hure strokes grute, ys body al swart y-worþ.
g
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)33/17 : On þære ilcan tide þe he geændigen scolde, þa beseh he up, & him stoden abuten swearte gastes, & mid mycelen þreate him onsigen þæt heo his sawle on þan forðsiðe mid heom to hellicen clysunge gegripen.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)18/24 : Þa heo þonon hwurfon þa wurdon þa tweȝe cnihtæs al swa fæȝeres hiwæs swa heoræ fæderæs wæron & þa modra wæron alswa swearte swa heo ær wæron.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)28/15 : Swic nuðe lanhure, swikele swarte deouel, þet tu ne derue me nawt mare.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)372/176 : Þe Aungel heom scheuwede..þene deuel..Þe fourme of a grislich man þat al for-broide were And swarttore þane euere ani blouȝman.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)476 : Þo cam þare out a luþer wyȝt, ful Atelich ate laste, Þoru-out swart and brenninde..þis Monekes weren a-gaste.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)286 : Euerilc-on ðat helden wid him Ðo wurðen mirc and swart and dim, And fellen..In-to ðis middil walknes nigt.
- a1350 Ne mai no lewed (Hrl 2253)48 : Nou wol vch fol clerc..bugge bayly..ant suggen he haþ priuilegie proud of þe pope -- swart ant al to-swolle.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)7158 : His [dragon's] bodi is swarter þan ani cole.
- a1400 Bevis (Eg 2862)95/1912 : Þat bataile þe geaunt þouȝt to smert, For teene he wexe al swert.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.6527 : Yiff thei [women] wante fresshnesse off colour And han ther face iawne swart & pale, Anon thei doon ther dilligent labour In such a neede to helpe and do socour.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2210 : Charyte, þat sowre swart, with fayre rosys myn hed gan breke.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3970 : Þai swey doun..swiftly þa swart men of ynde.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)3791 : Vulcanus Was to hir so odious For his smotry, swarte face, He stood clene out of hir grace.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)11570 : Thys cherl..sytteth here, Swart and owgly, off hys chere..To putte ffolkys to labour.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)2.12.74a : Behold me not þat i am swart, for þe sonne haþ defaced me.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)575 : Two geauntes he saw þer; Þat on was red..And þat oþer swart [Lamb: black] as pych.
h
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)34/18 : Þenchen hu swart þing & suti is þet sunne.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)157/5 : O domes schulen ure swarte sunnen strongliche bicleopien us of ure sawle morðre.
- a1300(?a1250) Serm.Atte wrastlinge (Trin-C B.1.45)106 : Sum suart sinne of wikke liflode haue a-blend hem herte eien.
i
- (c1422) Hoccl.Dial.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)756 : Thow haast of hem [women] so largeliche said That they been swart [vr. blak] wrooth & ful euele apaid.
j
- c1475 Ipotis (Brm)p.36 : How many synnys..Bryngyn mannys sowll to helle?..Wykkyd thowth..Wyll that he ys heylle and swarte [Vrn: qwerte; vr. whert].
k
- (1120) EPNSoc.35 (West Riding Yks.)87 : Swargil.
- (c1125) EPNSoc.21 (Cum.)451 : Swartahof.
- (c1135) EPNSoc.21 (Cum.)451 : Suuartahoft.
- (1202) Assize R.Lin.in Lin.RS 22189 : Roberto f. Swarteheued.
- (1220-47) EPNSoc.42 (Wm.)14 : Swerthdale.
- (1220-47) EPNSoc.43 (Wm.)217 : Swarthfell.
- (1246) EPNSoc.33 (West Riding Yks.)122 : Swartclive.
- (1285) Let.Bk.Lond.A (Gldh LetBk A)93 : John le Swart.
- (1297) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 16134 : Gilb. Swartebrandde.
- (1308) EPNSoc.21 (Cum.)451 : Suarthoved.
- (1327) Nickname in LuSE 55173 : Swartsone.
- (1332) Nickname in LuSE 55172 : Suartmon.
- a1377(c1280) Cust.Battle Abbey in Camd.n.s.4148 : Elyæ Swart.
- (1402) Assize R.Lin.in Lin.RS 221206 : Walterus f. Swartebrand.
- (1434) Close R.Hen.VI317 : John Swarte.