Middle English Dictionary Entry
suppōsen v.
Entry Info
Forms | suppōsen v. Also suppos(e, supposse, suppois(e, supose, sopose(n, soposse; sg.1 suppose, etc. & (N) supposez; pl. supposen, etc. & (error) sope; p. supposed, etc. & sopposid, (?error) suppose; ppl. supposed, -et, (?error) suppose. |
Etymology | OF suposer, supposer. The meaning of ME suppōsen is largely contextual in some senses, esp. 1.(a), (b), (c) & 2.(a), (c); some quots. in one of these senses could be construed as belonging to another. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. susposen v.
1.
(a) To believe (sth.), think; believe (sb., oneself) to be (one's father, fortunate, etc.); believe (oneself) able (to do sth.), think (a fester to act in a certain way); believe (sth.) to be (true, etc.); ppl. supposedas adj.: thought to exist; (b) with inf. as obj.: to believe oneself (to have done sth., to have deserved sth.); (c) with clause as obj.: to hold the opinion (that sth. is so, that sb. did sth., etc.), believe, think; -- also impers.; also without obj. in negative response to a question [quot. c1475 Wisd.]; (d) to hold an opinion, believe; -- also impers.; chiefly in clauses and inf. phrases used parenthetically; as ich suppose, as men supposed, as is supposed, etc.; ~ amis of, think ill of (oneself).
Associated quotations
a
- c1400 Wycl.Dominion (Dub 244)290 : Men schal euere suppose þe good, but ȝif open euydence teche þe contrarie.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)10b/b : Þat basillare..is aboue þe palate þe which som man supposeþ to be of þe ouer cheke.
- c1425 Bible SNT(1) (Cmb Dd.12.39)Deeds 26.2 : I suppose [L æstimo] me blessed ande clene bifore þe, siþen I schal defende me today.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)26/39 : Bot no man of so grete presumpcion be þat he hym-self suppois slikon to be, þof all þe warld parfitely he haue forsakin.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)1382 : His Fadyr he nas Of hym that he supposith.
- ?a1450 Sel.Rosarium Theol.(Cai 354/581)55/36 : Þei suppose or trowe þamself for dampne noȝt gilty or for to louse gilty.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)502/27 : 'Sir, thys ys sir Trystramys, I se well by that brachet.' 'Nay,' seyde the kynge, 'I can nat suppose that.'
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)109b/b : Þe..festre..if þat he be in a place þat is but litil carnous þanne we suppose him to perce in to þe senewis.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)107/18 : Good Charles liked by mervelous and not supposid prowesse to restablish the said realme vnto his furst estate.
- c1500 Melusine (Roy 18.B.2)3/26 : I me bethink fro day to day..to here & see many thinges which men suposen not to be true.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2317 : We might say this for certen, & suppose it in hert.
b
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)11/12 : Hough may thi tonge be withowt clamour..whanne the mouthe in the which it restith is famischid for defaulte, and othir plenteously fedde withowt deserte with suche goodis as thou supposid to haue deserued?
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)124/13 : Thei wolde seche..to appeace the wrath of their goddis by sacrifices and obseruacions, by whose vengeaunce the supposed to haue fall in their eville aventures.
- c1500 Melusine (Roy 18.B.2)30/28 : Thou hast slayn thy lord, as moche by myshap as wylfully, how be it that at that ooure thou supposest not to haue doon it.
c
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.249 : Somtyme in Rome fader and moder schulde nouȝt norische and teche hire owne children, for me supposed þat he wolde be to tendre of hem.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.226 : Bot if thou wolt my schrifte oppose..thanne I suppose Ther schal nothing be left behinde.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2031 : So fair a gardyn woot I nowher noon For out of doute I verraily suppose That he that wroot the Romance of the Rose Ne koude of it the beautee wel deuyse.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)10625 : Yn my cuntre y haue a broþer Þat supposyþ [vrr. hopes, leeueþ] weyl þat y am slayn, For y come nat home agayn.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)300/1 : Þei supposen þat þei han wel doon þat þei haue lete out þat blood.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1639 : Passyngly Iocounde Þe Grekis wern, supposyng, in her þouȝt, How þat Troyens finally were brouȝt Vn-to outtraunce.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1346 : It supposid is That men the queene Eleyne shal restore.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3776 : We shuld trow and suppose ay Þat alle er save and in gude way.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)57/6 : Lamech slew Cayn with ane arowe supposing he had bene a wylde beste.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)127a/a : Ȝif þu suppose oþer knowe þat enye of þes be hurte, deme þe wounde dedelie.
- (1448) Paston1.223 : He soposeth þat al þat js don to hym js att þe request of þe parson.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)81 : Sume men supposin þat þis herbe ache or smalache were seide apium for-þy þat been ben ofte woned to sitte vpon þis herbe.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)577 : Be many cause at I ken I kan noȝt supose It be consayued of my kynde ne come of my-selfe.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)161/4 : Ye must a-byde tylle ye suppose þat þe bayte and the hoke be welle yn the mouthe of the fyche.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)90/9 : He þat dowteth in his prayer, sopose none suche þat he shal haue his axing.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)136 : It is supposed þat some off hem haue goton an c li. worth lande.
- c1475 PPl.B (Cmb Ll.4.14)17.293 : Sopose [Ld: I pose I hadde synned so, and shulde now deye And now am sory..myȝte I nouȝte be saued?].
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)422 : Lucyfer..'Was he euer in contemplacyon?' Mynde: 'I suppos not, by my relacyon.'
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)3446 : The bestial folk sopposid in certeyn How al the peeple that went bi assent With Amphibalus wer come hom ageyn, Bi force of them that wer fore hem sent.
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)127 : We vnderstode not that he was the Sone of God, but supposed þat suche vertues as he dyd had be don by sorcery.
d
- (1386) RParl.FM (C&D)35/70 : Nichol Brembre saide in sustenaunce of his falshede owre lige lordes wille was such that neuer was such as we suppose.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.22 : Men maden dyches depe..forto kepe The gold which Avarice encloseth, Bot al to lytel him supposeth, Thogh he mihte al the world pourchace.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1791 : I haue..seyd a sermon..Nat al after the text of holy writ, For it is hard to yow, as I suppose.
- (1402) MSS PRO in App.Bk.Lond.E.282 : Roger Pittes said that it schulde been more nede, he supposede, or yat day two ȝeer for to wecchen ye town yan yanne was.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2941 : Medee..ment nat but honeste; As I suppose, sche wende haue ben his wyfe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3857 : Þay þat longe han vsed trauayle, Lyche as it is pleynly to suppose, May help moste oure Iourne to dispose.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5589 : For, as it is trewly to suppose, Pigmalyon..hadde no konnyng To graue or peint so corious a þing.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1254 : Nece, ysee who comth here ride! O fle naught in (he seeth us, I suppose), Lest he may thynken that ye hym eschuwe.
- c1450 Bk.GGrace (Eg 2006)369/21 : Be oure ladyes prayers, als itt es to suppose, sche sawe the kynge of blysse, owre lorde Ihesu.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)3 : Ianus..mad a paleys whech he clepid janicle..as I suppose, for þis cause: for þe hill a boue..hith ȝet mons janiculus.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)30 : We answer þerto þat þei had þis cunnyng, as is suppose [?read: supposed], for innocens, for þei þat walked so naked had litil appetite on to worldly good.
- c1450 Lond.Chron.Cleo.(Cleo C.4)135 : Thei of prage had worthi clerkis of owre feith..for to goo sauf and com sauf, And ellis they hadden goo to the fire, as men supposed that were ther.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)22/16 : How suppose you, at what tyme woll thes two kynges be here?
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)123 : Now, as I suppose, we haue rekened þe grettest parte off the kynges ordinarie charges.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.58.39b : Fleschli synneres þat synnen dedli..comunli supposen..amys of hem self and felen bityng in conscience.
- a1500(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Dub 213)33/842* : Who am I þat am here, as þou supposez?
- -?-(1469) Will in Som.RS 16216 : I owe to Barnabie is wife of London for two pair of hosis, price, I suppose, 8 s.
2.
(a) To take (sth.) for granted, be sure of, assume; assume (sb. to be sth.); assume (that sth. is so, that sb. will do sth., etc.); presume (to do sth.); (b) to anticipate (sth.), expect; expect (to do sth., to be sth.); expect (that sth. will occur); ?also, intend (to do sth.) [last quot.]; ~ of, have expectation of (sth.), expect; hit is to ~, it is likely (that sth. will occur); (c) to posit (sth., that sth. is so), hypothesize, conjecture, guess; apprehend (what sb. or sth. means); (d) to estimate (a quantity, a number); also glossing L æstimare; (e) to hope (to do sth., have sth. done); also glossing L sperare.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.879 : Sche, which al honour supposeth, The false Prestes thanne opposeth, And axeth be what observance Sche myhte most to the plesance Of godd that nyhtes reule kepe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.338 : He supposeth that he wolde Make his axing of worldes good.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.1065 : This is thy doghter which thow hast supposed To be my wyf.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.575 : I supposed of hym noght but good.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.932 : As is þe maner of louers..þei suppose to acheue anon What þing it be þat þei toke on honde..Al-þeiȝ it be a verray impossible.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)55/27 : If..any man be vmbilappede wit grete infilicitee, so þat he..supposse na remedy..þan oure lorde godd raysez hym vp.
- (c1440) Doc.Bridg.Corp.in Som.RS 5743 : And ye will make a sewte, We sope [read: sopose] that ye most take hit up on usse that sette yow the ferme.
- c1455 Spec.Miser.(Tak 32)736 : I dede nevere good dede to man no chyilde..Myghtte I that evere have been so wyilde Comen to hevene? I svppose nay.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)76/19 : In such þingis..we wille..defende vs, lest oþer be sclaundrid þerby, soposing þat we ben gilty yif we hold oure pees.
- (1465) Paston1.528 : I suppose and þe blak hose be payid for, he wyll send me þe roset vnpayd for.
- (a1475) *Sln.73 Recipes [OD col.] (Sln 73)lf.201 : Y sopose if þe cloþ were alomed bifore þat it schulde receyue þe ȝelowe colour, it wolde myche þe raþer resceyue his colour.
- (1477) Paston1.378 : I may be recomawndyd..to my cosyn..Margery to whom I supposyd to haue gevyn an othyr name or thys tyme.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)199/18 : I suppos þer byn some of you þat hauen such a loue to hure þat ȝe wol fast hor evyn.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)30/23 : Nor aske non accompte..but suppose that His science is infallible, His providence inevitable, and His wille rightwisenesse.
b
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3332 : Whan that fortune list to glose, Thanne waiteth she hir man to ouerthrowe By swich a wey as he wolde leest suppose.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1785 : She goth..To euery place wher she hath supposed By liklyhede hir litel child to fynde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2196 : The king supposeth of this wo, And feigneth as he noght ne wiste.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6970 : Whan Seynt Ihon herde þat seye, Þat Troyle supposed for to deye, Asswyþe to hym he ȝede.
- (1417) *Let.Hen.V (Vsp F.13) : Apoun wedynsdaye next sall ȝour Iustice sitte at ȝorke..at which tyme I suppose to speke with many of þe gentyls þere.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3063 : Vlixes..Made..his sone..to be..shette vp in presoun..supposyng..Fro alle meschef þer-by to go quyte.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)23/12 : Aduersitee: I suppose neuere in þis liȝf be oþur but a seruaunt.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)84/25 : I fele me þe better and þe haler and supposez for to do till..Godd of his grace will make me to passe oute of þis dedly lyf.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)132/34 : A man..payeþ byfore & abide þe delyuerance of corne..til a certen day, at whiche he supposeþ wel hit schal be of moche more value.
- (1456) Paston2.134 : Yn the ende of thys terme y suppose to be at London.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)159/11 : Hit is to suppose he that hyng that shelde there he woll nat be longe therefro.
- c1500 Melusine (Roy 18.B.2)224/31,35 : Tell your lord that we..suppose not to dommage his land in no wyse..it is the kinge of Anssay..and Regnald..with theire puyssaunce that supposen to goo reyse the siege of praghe.
c
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)145/445,451 : Suppose here hijs o iustyse God and truwe..And dampneþ þeues..Suppose he..schel hem spylle..And hys wel glad..Þes hys a quead.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)549 : What, I suppose þe selve, ȝif it so bitidde þat I wrouȝt so wodly and wold to him speke þat were semlyest to seye to save my worchep?
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.1174 : Tho sche supposeth what it mente, And seith sche wolde with him wende And duelle unto hire lyves ende.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.2300 : This yonge lord thanne him opposeth, And axeth if that he supposeth What deth he schal himselve deie.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.786 : Who wolde wene or who wolde suppose The wo that in myn herte was and pyne.
- a1425 PPl.C (Cmb Ff 5.35)20.275 : Suppose [Hnt HM 137: Ich pose ich hadde synged so..and shold nouthe deye And now am ich sory..myghte ich nat be saued?].
- a1425 Sphere(1) (Hrl 3719)302-3 : I suppose the day be Tuesday, of whiche day the nombre is 67, and [the] 2 nombres ben 160 and 3; And I suppose that the age of the mone is 12 of chaunge to the day.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.25.23 : As thus: I suppose that the sonne is thilke day at noon 38 degrees of height.
- c1450 Bk.GGrace (Eg 2006)563/12 : Manye of blessede seyntys desyrede God with a desyre whiche no manne maye suppoyse.
- (c1470) Stonor1.110 : I soposse your mynid [read: myind] was apon sum odyr materys when þat ye wrotyt.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)25 : When thei herde these words, supposed [Lovel.Merlin 1765: they vndirstodyn] wele what he ment.
d
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)522 : Wenyn, or supposyn: Estimo.
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)52/29 : Than the payne schewyd agayne..and than the ioye..I suppose abowte twentye sythes.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)360 : But for yowr croppe I take grett mone..How many acres suppose ȝe here by estymacyon?
e
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.871 : Good hope crepeth in oure herte, Supposynge euere, thogh we soore smerte, To be releued by hym after ward.
- (1437) RParl.4.510a : He wolle begynne a newe feyned suite ayen, so supposyng to laboure the seid Suppliants.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)245 : Hopyn, or trustyn, or soposyn..spero.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)15 : The Kyng prayd hem to kepe the same dore..he suppoisyng to have brestyn the farrements of the chaumbur wyndos, bot..thay myght not be brostyne for hym.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)26 : The tourmentours on every side hym..pynchid and twynched his theghis, his legges..wher thay suppoisid most to anoye hyme and greve.
3.
(a) To suspect (sth., that sth. is so); ~ to, have suspicion of (sb.), suspect; also, attribute (treachery) to (sb.), suspect (sb.) of (treachery); (b) to allege (sth., that sth. is so); (c) to speak deceptively, feign.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.3.32 : Lest par auenture the kyng supposide eny malice of Jewis fully done aȝeinus Helyodore, he offride for helthe of the man an helthful sacrifice.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.2108 : The queene tolde him al the cas, As sche that guile non supposeth.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Judg.8.11 : Gedeon..smoot the tentis of enemyes, that weren sikur, and supposiden [WB(1): ortroweden; L suspicabantur] not ony thing of aduersite.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)465 : Soposyn..suspicor.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)93/8 : His wijf was ielous ouer him & supposed þat he loued othir þan hire.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)149/20 : Men..whanne þair hors baiteþ or pastureþ here beestes and no perel supposith, þan enemyes falleþ on most sodaynlyche.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)1733 : Tanker, þou art mystauȝt To haue on me swylke a þouȝt..swylke a tresoun to me sopos.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)7/15 : Thenne she told the duke her husband and said: 'I suppose that we were sente for that I shold be dishonoured.'
- c1450(?a1400) Chestre Launfal (Clg A.2)913 : Þe Quene suppose [?read: supposed] gyle Þat Launfal schuld yn a whyle Be ymade quyt and skere.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)130/428 : Bot how so the gam gose, To me thay wyll suppose..And cry outt apon me.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)33/283 : If a man suppose that an other man will do hym harme, lete hym put the stone afore hym vppon salt.
b
- (1411) RParl.3.650a : Certein Commune of Pasture..whiche the said Lord..claymes..as it is supposed by the same Bille.
- (?1423-4) Let.Bk.in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk I & K)105/14 : This same Thomas Corbet..did write a scrowe of parchemyn, aguesed in maner of a dede, bering date afore the seid Herry Julyans estate, Supposing and contenyng that the same Richard and his wif shuld haue youe before al þe same tenement to oþyr men.
- (1425) *Indent.Redmerselle : Richard Redmerselle..salle sewe..traversez..of the two enquestz after specifiet; to say, of an enquest supposet to be taken..beffore John Mitford..And traversez and of a nother enquest ymaginet and feynet supposet haf bene taken be fore Sampson Harding..whilk enquest supposes for verdit that Alice Chamber..diet seisit of the sam landes and tenementz and of mo..whilk is noght so, ne nevir was.
- (1437) RParl.4.509b : The said Thomas Stamford..contrevyd and feyned divers untreue actions of trespasses..supposyng that thei shuld have betten and emprisonned him, where in trouthe thei were never gilty.
- (1471) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.62 : Roger Richard than and there afore the said Maire and Aldremen as to the first Article supposyng that at the moneth mynde of the said Robert Marchall the said Alexandre stale a saltsaler from the Cubbord.
- (1485) RParl.6.295a : The said late Duke affirmed a Bill of Trespass..supposeing by the same Bill that the said Thomas Thorpe should have taken..divers Goodes.
c
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)36.243 : Sche hym kyste with Al hire Myht, Supposyng to ypocras with herte goodlye; but Al was falshod and Trecherye.
4.
(a) To support (sth.), place support under (sth.); -- glossing L supponere; also, put (sth.) in position, place; -- used fig.; ppl. supposinge, substituting (sth.); also, ?going below the surface [last quot.]; (b) ppl. supposed, med. of a regimen, course of treatment: put in place, applied; -- translating the L abl.absol.
Associated quotations
a
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)465 : Soposyn: suppono.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)3/64 : Twene ioy and woo my gost supposid is, As this to thynke and this oft to avise, My witt as now so renneth this and this.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)614/48 : Suppono: to undersette, or to suppose.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apost.(Dub 245)437 : Sequestre we al mannes lawe, supposynge Crists ordynaunce.
- c1500(1446) Morstede Surgery (Hrl 1736)114 : The poynt [of the trepan] ows [read: owe] to be in lenght no mor, supposynge, than the pane ys thyke les in arventur that dura mater and pia mater myght be hurte.
b
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)101a/b : I forsoþ (supposed of sich a fracture vniuersale gouernance [L de tali fractura supposito regimine vniuersali] of fleobotomie & of þe wombe & of diete)..make distinccioun as Brune.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)113b/a : Cure of blac morphee (supposed [Ch.(2): vnderput; L supposito] þe gouernaunce ysaid in þe lepre)..bigyn with fleobotomye.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1475 Sidrak & B.(LdMisc 559)642/9815 : The rede supposeth [Lnsd: signifieth] regalte And is hewe of grete dignite.
Note: Burton glosses as 'imply' (OED suppose v., sense 10.)