Middle English Dictionary Entry
bicǒmen v.
Entry Info
Forms | bicǒmen v. Also bicumen. Forms: sg. 3 bicǒmeth, (early) bicym(e)þ, -kimeð; p. sg. bicā̆m, -com, -cọ̄m, pl. bicọ̄men, (late) -cā̆m; ppl. bicǒmen; perf. is bicǒmen. |
Etymology | OE becuman |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To come (to a place), arrive (at); also, go (to a place) [quot.Gawain]; -- with in, on, to phrase; (b) ~ from, to get away from (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)13/18 : Ærest..ðæt sar becymþ on ða eaȝen mid mycelre hætan, hwilum hit cymð on mid wæten.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)4/2 : Heo to þare wicstowe becomen.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)14/12 : On þam seofeðen dæȝe he bicom to þare ceastre.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)41 : We bicumen moten to þere upplican riche.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)105 : Þa scipen..to londe bicomen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2596 : He bi-com in a bæch.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4755 : A schip funde Brennes bi þon brimme stonden. He bi-com þer inne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6209 : We beoð a þine londe bi-cumen.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1791 : Mid þisse worde forþ hi ferden..To Portes ham þat heo bi come [rime: dome].
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)460 : To quat kyth he becom knwe non þere, Neuermore þen þay wyste fram queþen he watz wonnen.
- c1485 Assump.Virg.(1) (Hrl 2382)570 : He shuld gone, and preche..in euery lond where he be-come.
b
- a1300 Owl & N.(Jes-O 29)137 : Þeyh appel trendli from þe treo..þeyh he beo þar from bicume, He cuþ hwenene he is i cume.
2.
wher (he, it) bicometh, etc.: (a) where (he, it) comes from; (b) where (he, it) goes; whider ~; (c) what becomes (of him, it).
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Fran.(1) (LdMisc 108)221 : Huy nusten ȝware he bi-cam, ne ȝwoder-ward he drovȝ.
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (LdMisc 108)232 : And a-waiteden wel a dai, ȝware þe kou bi-come.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)911 : Þan so þroli þouȝtes þurlen myn herte, þat i ne wot in þe world where it bi-comse.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)28479 : Þa nusten men of þere quene war heo bicumen weore.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(LdMisc 108)75 : Seint eadmund nuste..ȝware þis child bicam.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)194 : Men wist neuer wher sche was bicome.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)288 : Neuer he nist whider þai bicome.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)607 : Wonder hem þhouȝte wher þe white kniht bi-com..þei nuste where he was.
- a1425(c1300) NHom.(1) Alex.(Ashm 42)462 : Þai ne wiste whare he become [vr. wyder he bycome].
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)120/34 : He went a-wey preuyly..þat sche wist not wher he be-cam.
c
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)124/2 : Ȝe sceawiæn..hwær heoræ wælan beoð bicumene.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1065 : We ne witen where he is by-come, Wheþer he is islawe oþer nome.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4949 : Non myhte knowe Wher he becam, for non was nyh Which of his fall the meschief syh.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8998 : Quar be-com [vrr. bicome, becam, bicoom] al his in-sight, þat did him-self alsua to spille.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.795 : To what fyn is swich love I kan nat see, Or wher bycometh it, whan it is ago.
- ?a1425 Whi is þis world (Trin-C B.15.39)17 : Where is bicome cesar, þat lorde was of al?
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2214 : Allas! where shal I, wreche wight, become?
- a1450(c1400-25) Legat Serm.PD (Wor F.10)12/97 : Where is þat ilke ioye bi-come þat i hadde, whanne i lullid þe in þi cradil?
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)247 : Alas! wher is become your gentilesse.
- c1450 As y gan wandre (Lamb 853)37 : Where is bicome now al my pride?
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)1.49 : But where þis croune bicome, a clerk were þat wuste.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)102/14 : Where is bicome þe teching vpon þe weel vsing and keping of þe v wittis?
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)71/24 : Wher byn all þyn almysdedys bycomen?
3.
To come or descend (from a family or tribe); -- with of phrase.
Associated quotations
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9354 : His moder..was be-comen [vr. comen] al o þair [i.e. the Jews'] kin.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10936 : Þis zachari, þat i of [rede], Becummen was o leui [sede] [Ld: Comyn was of leuy sede].
4a.
(a) To get or attain (to a certain state); develop (into sth.); reach (a certain age); -- with to, into, on phrase; (b) to change (to a different state), turn (into sth. else); ~ to nought, come to naught.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)6/18 : Oð ðet he swa bicymeð to ðare ylde.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)122/32 : We þenne moten to þam ece murhðe bicomæn.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)26/27 : Þin sawle sceal to ece reste bicumen.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)99 : We sculen leornian..hu we maȝen bicuman to godes lufe.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)17/187 : Ȝef ȝe doð me to deað..ich schal bliðe bicumen to endelese blissen.
- c1230 *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)15a : Nu þurh riht godes wrake geað hit forðre & forðre & bikimeð..in to þet fule sunne.
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (LdMisc 108)143 : Ake þe foul, þat þou bi-come to..þat was þi soule.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)713 : Hit bi-comez to a þicke blod and chaungez al is bleo.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2564 : Some faderes were cristine & þe moderes heþene were. Me nuste to weþer hii bicome, þe children þat hii bere.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)107/22 : Ðese eadi mihtes..becumeð to unmihte.
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)39/11 : To nane þinge ic eam bycuman.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)614 : Þanne it fallez softe adoun and to dewe bi-comez.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9832 : Godd he-self to man bicom [rime: dom].
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)57.7 : To noght sal þai bicome.
4b.
To become (sth.); -- with (a) noun or (b) adj. or (c) ?prepositional phrase as complement.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)127 : He þe is..soð god bicom for ure helpe soð mon.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26401 : Ah ȝif he wolde bi-cumen mi mon & for lauerd me icnawen.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)28/17 : & ȝelt him word a-ȝein word, & bicumeð [Corp-C: forwurðeð; L fiunt] meister.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)76 : He bicumeð cristen.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)51 : Þanne he becomþ ribaud, holyer, and þyef.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)92 : Alle hi byeþ uorlore and becomeþ naȝt.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)240 : Be þo encheysoun he becom monek.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.698 : Lat ech of vs..bicome otheres brother.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.324 : He that first was so myghty..bicam swich oon that he moste nedes dye.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2098 : Damyan Bicomen is the sorwefulleste man That euere was.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)65a/a : Goddes sone took fleisch & bycome man.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13629 : Wil yee discipls his bicum [vr. be-come]?
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)9832 : God him-selue man [Vsp: to man; Ld: a man] bicome.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)13.109 : Blod-breþrene by-cam we þer.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)22.38 : Þo þat by-comen cristine.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4647 : Whanne thou bicam his liege man.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)115 : Hooly youres become I shal.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)243 : She Becam hys love, and let him doo Al that weddynge longeth too.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)87/29 : Þe seide ij persoone took fleisch and blood and bicam verry man.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)93/18 : Þat þat vndoynge by-comes, and..þat þat ledys to ryght.
b
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)35/30 : He becom [L factus est] ȝehyrsum anan to deaþe.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)92a : Mi flesch is ifluret bicumen al neowe.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)493 : Þe sonne shal þar aȝen derk and swart by-come.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)881 : He cast al his colour & bi-com pale.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15115 : Þai bicome [vr. bicoom] þan sorfuller.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)63 : The erthe wexith proud withalle..And than bycometh the ground so proud That it wole have a newe shroud.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4965 : For no man wolde bicomen old.
- (a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Archaeol.J.1 (Sln 73)155 : Thi glas schal bycome nesche as past.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)50/9 : Seþe to-gedre tille þay be comyn blak.
c
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)80/40 : O Swete leuedy, wat þey was wo, Þo ihesus by-come in orne.
5.
(a) To come about, come to pass, happen; bicam to come, started to approach; (b) to fall to the lot (of sb.), overtake or befall (sb.); -- with obj. or with on or to phrase; ~ betere, be better for (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)16/3 : Swa hwæt swa he cwæð hit bicymeð & iwurð.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10850 : Seoððen his ende bicom.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)105 : Þo hit bi com, þat he haȝte & of his eyre briddes wraȝte [etc.].
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)14648 : Al þus hit bi-com, alse þe read was idon.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2007 : Oc after ðis it so bi-cam Ioseph is dowter to wiue nam.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)34/769 : Þe felle bor bicam [vr. gan] to come.
b
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)19/5 : Untrumnesse on þane man becumð.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)64/1 : Þurh ðæs deoflæs onde, ðe Adam beswac, us becom dæð too.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)12/2 : Me bicom swa mycel fyrht on for þan eȝe þe ic þer iseah.
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Mdst A.13)253/185 : Betere him bicome, boren þat he ne were.
- a1275(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Trin-C B.14.39)382 : Betere þe bicome, frend þat þu newedest.
- c1300 SLeg.Lucy (LdMisc 108)62 : And axede hire..ȝwat lucie were on bi-come.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1404 : Tolde hem tiding of abraham, Quilc selðe and welðhe him wel bi-cam.
6.
To be fitting, suitable, proper, or becoming: (a) of nature or character; (b) of rank or station; (c) of custom or behavior; (d) of dress or ornament; -- with obj., to (for) phrase, or absol.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)271 : Ich habbe bile stif & stronge..so hit bi cumeþ to hauekes cunne.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)601 : Panter..is blac..mið wite spottes sawen al..bicumeð him swiðe wel.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.603 : Gat tothed I was, and that bicam me weel. I hadde the preente of seynt Venus seel.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)973 : He hymselfe satte in the shipp..As sterisman; it hym becam of kynde.
b
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.DD (Lamb 487)45 : Nu bi-cumeð hit..to uwilche cristene monne..to haliȝen and to wurðien..sunne-dei.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)18169 : He wes wis & he wes war..He nom þenne kine-helm, þe him bicom swiðe wel.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)23018 : Bute..he cuðe..suggen and singen..of heore richedome, and hu wel hit heom bicomen [Otho: bi-come].
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)49/528-529 : Wel bisemeð þe to beon ant bikimeð, to beo streon of a swuch strunde.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)208 : Gretunge, keiser, walde wel bicumen þe for þin hehnesse ȝef þu [etc.].
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)9821 : Truþe beoþ þe þinges þat bi-comeþ [Clg: bi-riseð] to alle kinges.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)324 : Þe Abite of Monek he nam, And a-boue al þan clerkene Robe, ase to is stat bi-cam.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)837 : & doþ hom alle wel an horse, as king bicomþ to.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)321 : Heryynge bicomeþ to [L decet] þe ryȝtful.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)3.202 : Hit bicomeþ For [B: to] a kyng..To ȝiue meede to men.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)1511 : O God..To whom Ioye & honour bi-come Wiþ-outen ende.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.61 : Hit by-comeþ for clerkus crist for to seruen, And knaues vncrouned, to cart and to worche.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)9.41 : Hit by-comeþ to a knyght to be curteys.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1491 : Þat bicumes vche a knyȝt þat cortaysy vses.
c
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)336/434 : For he wolde I-seon and I-heore oþur þane to him bi-come, bi-come he is blijnd and def.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)471 : Wel bycommes such craft vpon Cristmasse.
d
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)2312 : He sette ane Croune op-on is heued..Swyþe wel bi-cam þat briȝte gold op-on þe rede blod.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)213 : Þe kirtel bicom him swiþe wel.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4037 : A cote armvre þat by-cam hym wel.
- a1450 SLeg.Fran.(2) (Bod 779)38 : Þis robe..wole betere þe be-come þan hit wole me.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)1401 : Her clothing..The whiche bekam hir wonder wele.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)67 : Hir skynne was white..Large tresses and wele bee-comyng, Browes bente and nose well sittyng.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)6464 : That araye become her well.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Sole quot. under 4b.(c) may also be construed as containing 'morne' (morne adj.) rather than 'in orne' (orne adj. and n.): the print MED took it both ways. If the 'morne' emendation is correct, the quot. belongs under bicomen v. sense 4b.(b).