Middle English Dictionary Entry
stōnen v.(1)
Entry Info
| Forms | stōnen v.(1) Also ston(e, (chiefly N) stan(e, (N) stain; pl.impv. stoneth, etc. & stonit; p.pl. stoneden, etc. & stoniden, (N) stand; ppl. stoned(e, etc. & istoned, stonidde, stonde, (early) istaned, istanet. |
| Etymology | From stōn n. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. stenen v.
1.
(a) To throw stones at (sb.); kill (sb., an animal) by pelting with stones, execute by stoning; ?also, be stoned to death [quot. a1400(a1325), 2nd]; ~ with ston(es; ~ to (til) ded, ~ to (the) deth; (b) to throw stones; (c) of a stone: to hurtle against (sb.), strike.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1968 : Ȝho munnde affterr þe laȝheboc To dæþe ben istanedd.
- a1250 Ancr.(Tit D.18)33/23 : Sain Laurenz..þolede þat te gridel heue him upward wið bearnende gledes; Saint Steuene þat te stanes þat mon stanede [Nero: stenede; Pep: men stoneden] him wið & vnderfeng ham gladliche.
- c1325 Ipotis (BodPoet c.3)116/540 : Saint Steue..was staned to ded.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.17.4 : What schall I do to þis puple? ȝit a lytylwhile & he schall stonen me.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.21.35 : Another thei stoonyden to deth.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.343 : Seint Paul..in gret peril and in gret peyne..and ones stoned almoost to the deth, yet sayde he, [etc.].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6711 : Þe ox þat slas man wit horn..To ded þat beist man sal stan [Trin-C: ston].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19456 : On steuen all þai stert..And þai demed him to stain [Goöt: him to stane; Frf: him..be slan].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21086 : Don he [Philip] was on rod thri Noght naild als vr lauerd allan, Bot tar þai stand [Goöt: staned; Trin-C: stoned] him wit stan.
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)55/7 : Ȝif he hadde seide, 'Staneþ hire,' hij wolden alle haue destried hym.
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)1116 : To deþe þeȝ stanede hire alle.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.77 : What woman were in auoutrie taken..With stones men shulde hir stryke and stone hir to deth.
- a1425 NPass.(Cmb Gg.5.31)145/259* : Þe Iewys..callyd hyr wiche and..stanyd hyr tyll ded onone.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)57/12 : Vpon þat roche oure lord sette him whan the Iewes wolde haue stoned him.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)27.314 : Ȝif that a womman do Ony Avowtrye..Anon I-stoned scholde sche be.
- c1450(a1400) Orolog.Sap.(Dc 114)348/36 : Jeremye..was stonede to dethe.
- a1450 St.Stephen & H.(Sln 2593)st.11 : Ledit Steuyn out of þis town and stonyt hym wyth ston.
- c1450 Upland R.(Dgb 41)p.172 : J am sikir of my feyþ ȝe schul be stonde to deþe.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.70.47b : Seint Stephne..preide for hem þat stoned hym to þe deþ.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Conf.(Dub 245)328 : Crist clensed þe awoutrer, þat þe Iewes alegeden shulde be stoned.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.208 : For Acor stal gold..boþin he & his wyf & his childryn & alle hys bestis, hors, assys, oxsyn, & schep wern stonyd to dede.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)244/335 : The Jewes would have stoned thee.
b
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)477 : Stonare, or he þat stonythe: Lapidator.
c
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)52/13 : The stoon: Whi stone I hym not?
2.
(a) To clear ground of stones, remove stones; (b) ppl. stoned, built of stone or masonry; paved (with stones); also, ?roofed with slate [last quot.]; (c) ppl. stoned, filled with stones, rocky; (d) ben stoned, to be hardened, be solidified.
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)120a : To Stane: depetrare, petras remouere.
b
- a1250(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Tit D.18)87/1132 : Al þat ter in is glistende & gleaminde as hit were seluer oðer gold, smeðe istanet [Bod: isteanet] euch strete wið deorewurðe stanes.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4352 : Make we na vessall of virre..Ne store staned strenthis.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)359 : Stanyd: lapidatus, lapidibus obrutus.
c
- c1480 *Medulla (Pep 2002)6a : Adriatus: stonydde [Stnh: stonene; Cnt: petrosus, stonye].
d
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)35b/a : Of..apostemez melancolious..I holde me with Auicen þat it be done warly, ffor why þe materie is of so mych malice þat if it be vnwisely resolued, it is petrefied, i. stoned [L petrificatur].
3.
(a) To cause (a horse, the joint of a horse's leg) to develop a hard growth; (b) stoned at the fulle, with large testicles.
Associated quotations
a
- a1500 Cmb.Diseases Horse (Cmb Ll.1.18)77 : For a stony in þe pastoroun: That is whan þat an horse stumblyth or slydyth or that he sette his fote sodenly in an hole þat his fote is wrenchet þerwith, and þat stonyth hym in the pasteroun.
- a1500 Cmb.Diseases Horse (Cmb Ll.1.18)84 : For a hurt in þe styfull: That comyth off an hastye strecyng or off a slydyng off þe legge behynde and spryngith the joynte, and hit stonyth hit.
b
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)8.81 : The tuppe is chosun fair of altitude..Yfrounted large and stoned at the fulle [L magnis testibus].