Middle English Dictionary Entry
sterven v.
Entry Info
Forms | sterven v. Also sterve, (K or early) sterf(en, (early) steorfen, (early SW or SWM) steorve(n. Forms: sg.3 sterveth, etc. & (K) sterfth; p.sg.2 (early SWM) storve; sg.3 starf(e, starffe, sterf(e, (early) stærf, (early SWM) stearf & sterevid, stervet, starved, (early K) sterft; pl. starf(e, storve(n, sterven, (early) sturven, sturfe & sterved; ppl. i)storve(n, storvun, sterve, (early SWM pl.) storvene & sterved & (error) isteue. |
Etymology | OE steorfan, p. *stearf, pl. *sturfon, ppl. -storfen (see āstorfen, p.ppl. of āsteorfan). For weak p. forms cp. āsterfed, p.ppl. of āsterfan. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. asterven v.
1a.
(a) To die, perish; cease to exist; also fig.; also, die spiritually; (b) ben storven, to die; ppl. storven, dead; also, as noun: those who have died, the dead [1st quot.]; (c) to die of hunger; -- also impers.; also in proverbs; ~ to deth (unto the deth); (d) fig. to fade away, pass away; ~ to the world, die to the world, sever one's interest in secular concerns; ppl. sterving as adj.: transitory; (e) ~ after the deth, to die the death afterwards; don (forto) ~, cause (sb.) to die; have (sb.) put to death; maken (forto, to) ~, kill (sb.); (f) ppl. sterving as adj., of death: ?lingering.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)122/9 : He underfohð þone aweregode cwide mid Ananian & Saphiram, þe..mid færlicen deaðe ætforen þan apostelan steorfinde feollen.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)241 : Ic am cwuce bread þe astah fram hefene..Se þe of þese brad ett, ne sterfeð he nefer.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)99/24 : He..pineð so hire licome ðet te soule steorueð [Cleo: steorue].
- ?a1300 Fox & W.(Dgb 86)151 : Art þou ded?..Wenne storue þou?
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1958 : Wast bettre he ðus was sold Dan he ðor storue in here wold.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)54/6 : Þe ilke þet be fisike leueþ, be fizike sterfþ.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1515 : Sche wept & weiled as sche wold haue storue & swoned ofte siþe.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1144 : Thow woldest falsly been aboute To loue my lady whom I loue and serue And euere shal til that myn herte sterue.
- c1390 Disp.Virg.& Cross (Vrn)472 : Rihtful schul ryse to riche restyng, Truyt and tripet to helle shal sterue.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2231 : Ther is ful many a child vnborn of his moder that shal sterue yong by cause of thilke werre.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.885 : He told out his felonie And starf forth with his tale anon.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.184 : Jhesu Criste to serue, þe way for him we nomen, for him to lyue & sterue.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)7.290 : And myn herte hit wiste Þat þow were such as þow seist, ich sholde raþere sterue.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.280 : Why ne haddestow..slayn myself, that thus compleyne and crye, I, combre-world, that may of nothyng serve, But evere dye and nevere fulli sterve?
- c1429 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)757 : She [Jephthah's daughter] myght serue God no more þat in hyre offring thus sterevid; Bot Marie, after she was offrid, euermore vnto God seruid.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1691 : The grete Austyn hath gret compassioun Of this Lucresse that starf [vrr. starffe; dyed] at Rome toun.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.1221 : Lasse wikke is at an hour to sterue Than euer langwisshe in sorwe & heuynesse.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)1111 : Wisdam neuer may apalle, Nor of Nature neuer sterve, For which she called ys Mynerve..A thing that ys ay inmortal.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)4066 : Ful many oon therin hath stervyd, Perysshed with-out remedye.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)4.378 : Thou that neuere dydest trespasse..make the flesshe to serue To the spyryte tyl the body sterue.
- c1475 A philosophre (Hrl 372)p.32 : Thouhe she be yong, yet wol she..take a buffard riche of gret vilesse, In hope that he shal sterve withynne a while.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)9/14 : He waxet wod, and sone aftyr, among all men, he stervet yn þe way.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)104/20 : Yn þe nyght aftyr, hyt happut soo þat þys Perys sterfe yn hys bede.
- a1500(?a1425) Ipom.(2) (Hrl 2252)168 : But if I may þat lady serve, For care & sorow my hert wille sterve!
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)401 : Kynge Claudas..er he dyed..hadde euell myschef, ffor he starf in grete age disherited.
- a1500(a1471) Ashby APP (Cmb Mm.4.42)192 : If deuoided had folke couetous From his persoune, his people had not sterue With suche grete batellis dispiteous.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7398 : Þen gird thai to-gedur with a grym will! The stere was full stithe; þere starf mony knightes!
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)55/483 : He wið his stefne þe storuene astearde & mid his word awahte þe liflese liches to lif.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)139/24 : Ȝif..alle his freond..weren i storuen uerliche in one deie, nolde he..seoruhful beon?
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)67/1167 : Sore hure dradde Þat horn isteue [read: isterue; vr. ded] were.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)327/146 : Is Moder ȝeode a-wei with is breþren tweie..he wende þat huy a-dronke weren oþur i-storue bi þe weie.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)44/902 : Ypocras wiȝ a knif Binom þat schild his swete lif, And let him birie sikerliche, Als he were storuen sodainliche.
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)3 : Whii bestes ben thus storve, whii corn hath ben so dere.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1999 : For riht as of an hungri Pie The storve bestes ben awaited, Riht so is Covoitise afaited, [etc.].
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)15410 : When Paris saw that he was storuen, He bad hem take him by the leggis And throwe him ouer In-to the seggis.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)477 : Storvun, or dede: Mortuus.
c
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)125 : All that groweth in Flaundres, greyn and sede, May not a moneth fynde hem mete of brede..Thus moste hem sterve or wyth us most have peasse.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.45 : While þe grasse growes, þe goode hors sterues.
- c1450 Page SRouen (Glb E.8)414/23 : Thei lay cryynge aftur foode; Summe storuen to dethe [vr. unto the dethe], and summe stoppid bothe yen and brethe.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)637 : A chyrche..xall pay for ale, brede, and wyn..lett me go by! I kan not geet, and I xulde sterue.
- c1475 Rwl.Prov.(Rwl D.328)p.120 : Whyle þe grasse growyth þe horsse stervyth.
d
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)75/1 : Todel þine gost uram þine bodye..guo out of þise wordle steruinde; guo in-to þe londe of þe libbynde.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)143/20 : Him hit þingþ þet hit is al wynd..And þanne he be-ginþ ariȝt to sterue to þe wordle and libbe ine god.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.209 : Whanne fisshes faile þe flood..Þei diȝe for þe drouȝte..Riȝt so be religioun; it roileþ & steruiþ Þat out of couent & cloistre coueiten to libben.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1096 : Newfangilnesse causede to sterve Hir olde feith and hir assuraunce.
e
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)28/7 : Þu cwenctest & a-cwaldest him wið þe hali rode, & me þu makest to steoruen wið þe strengðe of þine beoden.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)514 : Mony swouȝninge lay þorw schindringe of scharpe, And starf aftur þe deþ in a schort while.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1819 : With torment and with shameful deth echon This prouost dooth thise Iewes for to sterue That of this mordre wiste.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2300 : This wold I for my laste word beseche, That thou mi love aquite as I deserve, Or elles do me pleinly forto sterve.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.8216 : Prothenor and kyng Archelaus..many Troyan made for to sterue, Þei were þat day so passying Irous.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.2666 : Þoruȝ her myȝt manly hym conserue Til he hym silfe come & make hym sterve With his swerd.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1292 : As thus I mene, he wol ye be my steere To do me lyve, if that yow liste, or sterve.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)2706 : Thy broþir vrban me ne myht constreyn These ydols to worship ne to serue..Nere þou ne shalt, thowe thou doo me sterue.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)6676 : Wommen sholde of verray ryght Peysen mercy and pyte Ageyn Daunger and cruelte..To cherysh folke that hem serve, Nat of daunger don hem sterve.
- a1500(?c1370) ?Chaucer Comp.A.(Benson-Robinson)91 : Yit wol I evermore her serve And love hir best, although she do me sterve.
f
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)5/9 : Her absence is to me an helle; my sterving deth thus in wo it myneth, that endeles care is throughout myne herte clenched.
1b.
(a) To die in a specified state or condition: ~ in sinne (sorwe, soth bileve, etc.), die in an unregenerate state (wretched condition, state of true belief, etc.); ~ in servise, die in (the devil's) service; (b) to die of a specified cause or under particular circumstances: ~ for, die of (cold, fear, hunger, etc.); also, die for (man's redemption); ~ in armes, ben storven under stele wedes, die in arms, die fighting; ~ o (on, upon), die on (the cross); ~ of, die from (hunger, disease); ~ under fot (sted), be trampled to death; ~ under hond, die by (someone's) hand.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)71/303 : Þole us to bi-wepen ure sunne þet we ne steruen noht þer inne.
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)219/154 : Se þet sterft inne diadliche senne so for liest þe compainie of gode.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)12/34 : Ha wente into helle..to deliuri..alle þon þet uram þe ginni[n]gge of þe wordle storue in zoþe..byleaue.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)67/21 : Ne yede into þe holy londe bote tuo, wyþoute mo, þet hetten calef and Iosue, ac alle hi storuen in zorȝe ine þe desert.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)202/15 : Huo þet him consenteþ to kueade wylles..he ne is naȝt chast þaȝ he by uer uram þe dede, uor be þe consentinge wyþ-oute more he ssolde by uorlore yef he sterf þerinne.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1249 : Wel oghte I sterue in wanhope and distresse.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10768 : He þat loueþ to speke ille..He loueþ the deuel and him serveþ And at þe laste in his seruice sterveþ.
b
- a1126 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1124 : Ful heui gær wæs hit se man þe æni god heafde: him me hit be ræfode mid strange geoldes & mid strange motes; þe nan ne heafde stærf of hungor.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Þa was corn dære & flec & cæse & butere for nan ne wæs o þe land; Wrecce men sturuen of hungær.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)233 : Þa were cofe abruden into þesternesse þe hi sturfe hungre.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)187/16 : For al þis ne lette he nawt, ah beot se swiðe longe & se swiðe grimliche þet he stearf o rode.
- c1300 SLeg.Magd.(2) (LdMisc 108)244 : Muche me þinchez wunder Þat þou last Iesu cristes folk þus steorue for hungur!
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)692 : Þo þat þe bounde yseiȝe þis, Anon he starf for diol ywis.
- (?c1375-a1390) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3645 : Hym self despeired eek for hunger starf [vr. starfe]..From heigh estat fortune awey hym carf.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2014 : Yet saugh I..The caroyne in the bussh with throte ycorue, A thousand slayn and noght of qualm ystorue.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.283 : But Crist that starf for oure redempcioun So yeue me grace his hestes to fulfille.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.888 : It happed hym..To take the botel ther the poysoun was And drank and yaf his felawe drynke also, For which anon they storuen [vrr. sterued, steruen] bothe two.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)5049 : He seiȝ his stedes honestes, Dromedaries, and oþer bestes Toforne his eiȝen steruen for þurst.
- (c1422) Hoccl.JWife (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)p.178 : He..starf for our redempcion.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.449 : Criseyde, which that wel neigh starf [vrr. starued, sterf] for feere..She gan to rewe and dredde hire wonder soore.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1530 : For I am sik in ernest, douteles, So that wel neigh I sterve for the peyne.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1419 : I fynde..that she starf for wo.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)605 : Hym roughte nat in armes for to sterve In the defence of hyre and of hire ryght.
- ?c1430(c1383) Wycl.Leaven Pharisees (Corp-C 296)14 : Pore nedy men..han nakid sidis and torne sleues and here children steruen for cold.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)4850 : He hem hewed and tocarfe; Manye vndyr his hand þere starfe.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Prayers 10 Sts.(LdMisc 683)79 : Pray for þi servauntis to hym þat starrff on roode.
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.Deus NSF (Clg A.2)60 : Ioye to the Sone, that..for oure gylt vpon a cros wold sterue!
- a1500 Degrev.(Cmb Ff.1.6)320 : Gomes wyth gambisoun Lyes opon bent broun, And sterff vnder stede.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9583 : Mony stithe in the stoure starf vnder fote, Till the blode & the brayne blend with the erthe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9634 : Mony stoute þere was storuen vnder stel wedis; And mony britnet on bent, & blody by-ronnen!
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)740 : Þouȝ for fayling of good his fellawe schulde sterue, He wolde nouȝt lenen him a peny his lijf for to holden.
2.
To rot, decay; fig. of seed: die; ppl. storven, spoiled; also, ?withered, rotted [2nd quot.].
Associated quotations
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)13.179 : Bote yf þat sed þat sowen is in þe sloh sterue, Shal neuere spir springen vp.
- (1466) in Willis & C.Cambridge 393 : Alle this tymbir shalbe white oke, not doted nor storvyn nor sappy, to hurt the beawty or thynbowyng of the werke.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)766 : When þe sewer comys vnto þe borde..Þe potage fyrst with brede y-coruyn Couerys hom agayn lest þey ben storuyn.
3.
To kill (sb.); destroy (sth.); also, ?destroy or cut off (someone's head); -- ?error for *scerfen (cp. scearfen v.) or kerven v.
Associated quotations
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)15066 : Many a body was ther to-koruen, And many gode knyȝt was ther storuen.
- a1450 Spaldyng Katereyn þe curteys (BodR 22)p.542 : Þe swerde sche myth not fre[de] þo þat hir hede schuld sterf.
- a1475 Leve lystynes (Brog 2.1)p.33 : Here is a pyntell of a fayre lenȝte..I bow hym, I bend hym, I stroke hym, I wend hym, The deuell mot hym sterve!
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)253/29 : A vicious man sterueþe and setteþe on fure hom þat byn by hym, so þat a good man schall ofte be greuet wyth hym.
4.
?Errors for swerven v.
Associated quotations
- 1372 Als i lay vp-on (Adv 18.7.21)82 : I sal neuere fro þe sterue, But ay, moder, ben at þin heste.
- a1425(a1396) Maidstone PPs. (Wht)724 : In gaderynge of peplis..And of kyngis God to serue, To be stidefast as is the stoon, In his seruice þat we not sterue [vr. swerue], The wey of truthe we schulde goon, [etc.].
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1400 Trin-C O.9.39 Recipes (Trin-C O.9.39) 5/11 : Loke ȝif þu seest þeramonge eny manere of ȝelowe poudre..ȝif þu do, withdrawe þe fire..for þat ȝelowe is storven colour.
- a1500 Trin-C.R.14.45 Recipes (Trin-C R.14.45) 139/18 : Loke if þu see any colour þeramong as hit were brymstone, and if þou do wiþdrawe þe fire for þat is storvyn colour for to mekil hete and to grete fire.
Note: Glossary: "storven, storvyn ppl. adj. 'dead, perished, spoiled'."
Note: See, too, suppl. to stervinge ger.
Note: ?New sense.