Middle English Dictionary Entry
step n.
Entry Info
Forms | step n. Also step(p)e, stap(e, stappe, (early) stæpe, steape & (?error) steph; pl. step(e)s, etc. & steppus, steippes & (early) stepen, stapen, (SW) steopes. |
Etymology | OE stæpe, stape, stepe, (Merc.) steppa. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A movement of the foot in walking, a step; -- also used of a horse's step; also, an act of taking a step; fot ~; (b) fig. of (a); folwen (seuen, etc.) stepes, to follow the example (of sb., someone's faith, etc.), take as a guide or model; also, follow the lead (of an animal); forsaken stepes, turn from (God's) guidance; wenden from stepes, stray from (someone's) practice or ways.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Chris.(LdMisc 108)97 : At eche stape he grunte and blaste.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6942 : Hire legges bare bineþe þe kne þat me miȝte ech stape ise.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3989 : He prykeþ hem [horses] forþ wyþ such an eyr þat at euery stape sprong out þat fyr.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5194 : Israel..vplepp Þat moght noght forwit strid a step [Trin-C: stire no step].
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)1144 : Þe holynesse of þat tre Sholde be fordo Þorghe þe stappes of synful men Þat þeron sholde gon.
- (c1400) Higd.(1) (Hrl 1900)527 : Ȝif heo wole go barfot..foure stappes [L passus]..uppon nyne solow schares brennyng, [etc.].
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)293/4,6 : He was war of a man þat folowed after hym & tellid his futesteppis, and he askid hym..'What erte þou?'..'I am þe aungell off God sent for to nowmer þi fute-steppis.'
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)112/26 : Of movyng of stappes and of pases.
b
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)49/32 : Eow ne beo forgolden ælc þære stæpe þe ge to Godes huse steppeð ebnben [read: emben] eower sawle þearfe.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)187 : He mot foleȝi þine steapes [vr. steopes] þurh sar and þurh sorewe.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.22.29 : God shylde from vs þis hydous gult þat we goon awei fro þe lord & his steppys we forsakyn.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Rom.4.12 : He took a signe of circumcisioun, a markynge..of riȝtwysnesse of feith that is in prepucie, that he be fadir..to hem that suen his [vr. the] steppis of the feith of our fadir Abraham.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Heb.12.13 : Make riȝtful goyngis or steppis [L gressus] to ȝoure feet that no man haltinge erre.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)289b/b : Such a ȝong cow..is..compelled to folwe..þe stappes and fores of oxen.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)683 : Þat is of hert boþe clene and lyȝt, Þer schal hys step stable stylle.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.7607 : I must also make digressioun, of myn auctor þe steppis for to sewe.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)54/33 : Þei ben holde to ȝeelde to me laude..folowynge þe steppis of my sone.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn)1/17 : The gude wayes of mane are [noght] of hyme-selfe, to styrre his fotsteppis to walke in the waye.
- a1450 LDirige(1) (Dgb 102)239 : Lord..þou hast noumbred my steppes, how mony þay be.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)58 : He went fro his fader steppes & ȝaue fauour to heresy.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)81/21 : He was a folower of his fader steppes..occupied in leccherie and glotonie.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.79.54b : Go oute and walke after þe steppes of þe flok of þi felowes.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)5.431 : The doȝhters of the seide Romilda, not foloynge the stappes of theire moder, but lovynge chastite, [etc.].
- c1475(c1447) Epitaph Duke Glo.(Hrl 2251)30 : Lord of grace..Late it be fertible to hym that dide his peyne To sue thi steppis.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)16.6 : Mak perfit my gatis in thi stretis that my steppis be noght stirid.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)481 : It is no bileue þat þes gon petris steppis.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)13 : I nat acqueyntid with Musis of Maro..Nor of Omerus to folwe the fressh stile..Or for to folwe the Steppis Aureat Off ffranceis Petrak, the poete laureat.
- a1500 St.Jerome (Lamb 432)337/28 : Godde wold that thay shuld see..how many..rewardis of holynesse he hathe yeff vnto him, that thay shuld the more sikerly drawe after steppis of his vertu.
2.
(a) A distance traversed by a step, a short distance; (b) a surface or space on which a step is taken; bi ~ and stalle, everywhere; (c) a unit of linear measure, approximately equal to two and a half feet.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1592 : Ek [read: Ech] steape [Jes-O: stape] hire þunþ amile.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17704 : Ga þou noght o þi hus a stepe Til fourti dais be cummen til end.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)182 : Euerech stape þat we stepen for-barnde onder ore fet.
- a1325 SLeg.Cross (Corp-C 145)170/92 : Þe stappes were al forbarnd.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2896 : Þou muste wende On myn erdyn, be steppe and stalle.
c
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)2421 : Of þe hulle of Olyuet sone hi wente a-doun To..Ierusalem..A þousand stappes þer bytwene.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2272 : Þis tour..Fiue thusand steppes had on hight.
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton:EETS)13/12 (f.40vb) : The tour was grete: it was x myle aboute and vM lxxxiiij steppes of height.
3.
(a) A mark or print of a person's or an animal's foot; a footprint of a man, an animal, or a bird, a track, trail; also fig.; fot ~ [see fot-step n. 1.(a)]; (b) the trace of something no longer present or intact; a vestige of a past condition; also, an imprint in a stone [3rd quot.]; (c) the mark left by an ulcer; a scar resulting from a wound, etc.; fot ~; (d) the trace of the presence or existence of sth., a person or his life, etc.; the indication or manifestation of a quality, condition, etc., vestige; (e) ?a sensory perception or impression.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)40/9 : Ic geseo on þyssen axen ealdre manna stapes, wifen & cildre.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)184 : For þe foule sunnes þat we duden ore stapen beoth euere i-sene.
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)1066 : Ki du chivaul suwe les esclos [glossed:] steppes.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.14.9 : Þe Egipciens pursueden þe stappis of þe goers before.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.153 : Þere were afterward i-sene foores and steppes of men and of hors.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)138b/b : Snowe is noiful to wilde bestis for he..schoueþ..here forewis and stappis.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)40 : Men clepen þe steppes or þe marches of þe Otere as men clepe þe trace of þe hert.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)78 : If men asken of þe beestis feete..þat of þe stynkyng beestis þat men calle vermyn he shal clepe hem steppis.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2889 : Lo here þe steppes of his stede, Evyn unto him þai wil þe lede.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1791 : Litel book..kis the steppes where as thow seest pace Virgile, Ovide, [etc.].
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)53/8 : Ȝit apperen the steppes of the asses feet in iij places of the degrees.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.319 : Some [beasts]..sette þeire steppes here In grene feldes.
- a1475 Mourn.Hare (Brog 2.1)31 : Att wyntter in þe depe snove..by my steyppes I ame I-knowe.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)9.39 : Na mare sall be knawen in erth whare synful mannys wonynge was than thou man [vr. may] now knaw the steppis of the foghill in the ayre.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)152/14 : He..steȝt vp ynto Heuen, and þer laft þe steppus of hys fete þroste downe into þe hard erth.
- a1500 Leg.Cross BC(1) (Wor F.172)213 : In the hed of this vale þu shalt fynde drie passis, whiche bien the steppes as wel of me as of thy moder.
- a1500 Mirk Fest.Revis.(Hrl 2247)89/207 : The steppis of the aungelles fete be seen in the hard marbyll vnto this day.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.2.3 : Oure lijf shal passen as þe step of a cloude.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Wisd.5.10 : All tho thingis passiden as schadewe..And as a schip that passith thorou the flowynge watir, of which, whanne it hath passid, it is not to fynde a step.
- a1425 LOL (Wnds E.I.I)107/19 : Men..seen..þe stoon set in þe wal in whiche..Ihesu preyede in þe niȝt in which..he was takin bi treesoun, and þe steppis of knees ben preentid inne as in nesh wex.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.3.50 : In whiche Epycuriens and Stoyciens..ther semede some traces or steppes of myn abyt.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)18/44 : Þis cyte was yn þoo days of grete auctorite..yet apperyne many steppis of þe olde nobylnesse.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)2.35 : The stappes of that famose dyche remayne.
c
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)89b/a : Of cicatrice & trace or steppez þat dwelleþ or abideþ after þise It shal be said byneþeforþ.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)116a/a : As to vestigiez, i. stracez or fotesteppez, it shal be said withinforþ in the face of cicatricez of variolis.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)139/18 : Of þe spotte and of þe stappe the whiche folowen þese, it schal be saide..in þe sixte book.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)281 : Oure lorde reseruede in his glorious body the steppes of his woundes for thre skilles.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.13.32 : Þe step of a good herte & a good face hard þou shalt fynde.
- c1400 Wycl.CGosp.Luke (Yk-M 14.D.2:Hudson)89/54 : No step of watir dwelliþ in þe vessel of watir sched out þerof, neiþer colour, as doiþ of mylke, neiþer sauour, as doiþ of wyn.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.41.21 : Tho secounde ȝauen no steppe of fulnesse.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Bar.2.23 : Al the lond schal be without step of hem that dwellen therynne.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.15/12 : They drewe among them-self A contracte of wikkid conspiracion..the seruant of God they myght..draw to ther cowncell..and hym..to plukke from the stappis of his lyif.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)90/2 : Þis happeth of the constellacion of the burth, folowyng þe vertue generatif, as þu most aske signes and stappes [Lambeth: þe folwynge; L vestigia] with fairnesse of nature.
e
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)184/16 : Þanne be þe steppys gadryd of þe wyttis of man to þe vertu ymagynatyf.
4.
(a) The sole of the foot; also, the foot; under the ~ of his fet, fig. under his power or rule; knelen at ~, to kneel at (someone's) feet; lien awaite upon his heles and stepes, fig. lie in ambush for him, ensnare him; (b) naut. the piece of timber on which the mast is fixed.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.2.5 : Ne..y shal ȝeue to ȝow of þe lond of hem as moche as þe stappe of o foot may trede.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 14.25 : Þer was not a man as fair as Absolon..fro þe step of þe foot vn to þe top þer was not in hym any spot.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 5.3 : He myȝte nott bilden vp an hous to þe name of his god..to þe tyme þat þe lord ȝaf hem vndir þe step of his feet.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)47b/b : Þou schalt ligge awaite vpon his helis & stappis [L calcaneo].
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)4816 : Doune þai knelid at his step [Vsp: fette].
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.45/14 : Seynt Barthilmewe..drewe hym owte of the wawys, and with drye stappys sette hym at Dykysmuth porte.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)29/17 : So that at the last he come to the oratorye of the sone, and there reuerence giwe to the stappes of the foote, [etc.].
b
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)474 : Step, where a mast stant yn a schyppe: Parastica.
5.
(a) A step in a stairway or flight of steps; (b) a stage in the scale of virtue or sin, in man's life or a soul's ascent to everlasting life, etc.; -- freq. in fig. uses of a step in a ladder; (c) an item in a series; a degree in a genealogy; (d) a class of persons.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)32/3 : Þe ilke anlikneþ þane ssrewe þet heþ leuere rotye in a prison..þanne to habbe þe pyne of stapes to cliue uor his outguoinge.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)740 : In þulke..tour Þer stont a trone..Seuene steppes þer beoþ þer-to.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10584 : Att þis temple..O steppes was o grece fiftene.
- (1426-7) Rec.St.Mary at Hill66 : For a mason & his man a day to make a stayer with iij stappes, xij d. ob.
- (1443) Acc.Bk.Carpenter Co.7 : Item, John Selkwyt di. c Fote of okyn bowrde & ij stapys.
- (1465-6) Acc.St.Michael Bath in SANHS 2564 : Laurencio..iij stappys de lapide factis murum dictum plastrand.
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton)f.73rb-va : Salomon .. made hym also a trone of yourye .. whiche had vj grees or stappes L (Vulg.1 Kings 10.19): gradus) .. with .. xij smale lyons standyng vpon þe stappes.
- ?a1500(a1475) Wright's CW (Lamb 306)173 : Vp the steyer they gar [read: gan] hye: The stepes were made so queyntly, [etc.].
b
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)98/6,33 : Eadmodnysse stapen we mugen to heofone hehnysse gesteon..Se æreste stape eadmodnysse is þæt man soðfæstnysse word eadmodlice gehere.
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)33/2 : Be þan twelf steepen of eadmodnesse.
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)41/6 : Þe endlyfta eadmodnyssa stæpe is, ȝif þe mynechena, [etc.].
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)46/33 : Þe lecherie of herte zuo heþ vour stapes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)29134 : Þar es steps thrin Þat man mai fall wit-all in sin, Egging, liging, and consent.
- a1400 Waich & wreschede (Hrl 7322)p.267 : Ten stappes of oure way.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)116/28 : It is not inowȝ in seruile drede oonli to wynne euerlastynge liif, but if þe feet be sett vpon þe firste stap of þe brigge, þat is, desier and affeccioun.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)84/27 : In þis laddre moste be principally þre steppes..verray mekenes, [etc.].
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)226/15 : Many..louen not synne; nertheles thei folowen..steppis of synne.
c
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)75/35 : Ehte eadignyssen synd on þyssen godspelle geændebyrde; Is þeh get an cwide bæften þe is geðuht swylce he seo se nigeðe stæpe, ac he soðlice belimpð to þære ehteðen eadignysse.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9248 : Mathan gat iacob; iacob, ioseph; Þat was þe nethermast step [Goöt: steph].
d
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)219/35 : Nou behoueþ to zigge of þe boȝes of þise trawe..be þe zeue states of þe stapes of uolke..ine þise wordle.
6.
Glossing OF escors, prob. by error.
Associated quotations
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)1059 : Kar par devaunt sunt vous escous, [glossed:] steppes [vrr. lappes, scurtes; Femina79: slyttys], E d'encoste sunt vos gerouns.
7.
(a) In surnames; (b) in place name [see Smith PNElem.2.142].
Associated quotations
a
- (1250-60) in Kristensson ME Top.Terms42 : Amicie de la Stappe.
- (1275) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames198 : Will. a la Stappe.
- (1324) Doc.Faversham in Archaeol.Cant.14197 : Henr. Longestep.
- (1327) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10146 : Robto Stappe.
- (1332) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames332 : Robert atte Stappe.
b
- (1380) EPNSoc.16 (Wil.)446 : Les Stappes.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. step.