Middle English Dictionary Entry
stēlen v.
Entry Info
Forms | stēlen v. Also stele, steline, -one, stel(le, steln, stil, (chiefly N) steil(e, (WM) steol(en & (16th cent.) steale. Forms: sg.2 stēlest, etc. & stē̆lst; sg.3 stēleth, etc. & stē̆lth; pl. stēlen, etc. & stēlon, -un, stē̆ln; p. stā̆l(e, stā̆lle, stōle(t, (N) staille, (early) stæl & stēl(e; pl. stā̆l(e(n, stōle(n, (early) stali & stēl(e(n; ppl. i)stōle(n, stōlon, stō̆l(le(n(e, istō̆llin, stō̆ln, i)stō̆lne & stēle & (?errors) stolee, stown. |
Etymology | OE stelan, stilan; p. stæl; pl. stǣlon; ppl. stolen. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. bistelen v.
1.
(a) To commit or practice theft, steal; ~ of, steal some part of (sth.); ppl. stelinge as adj.: thieving, thievish; (b) to rob (sb. or sth.), steal from; (c) to steal (sth.), purloin; also fig.; also, steal (sth.) from (sb.) [quots. c1300 & c1390]; ~ awei; ~ awei name, fig. destroy (someone's) reputation; ppl. stolen, stolen; (d) to remove (a corpse) unlawfully from a place of execution, steal (a body) from a burial place or tomb; carry off (royal bones, a saint's relic); ~ awei; (e) to abduct (sb.), kidnap, carry off by force; abduct (God) [quot. c1449]; also, coerce or entice (sb., a child) into a religious order [quots. a1425(?1384) & ?c1430]; obtain (a child) illegally or fraudulently [quot. c1475(c1450)]; ~ awei; ~ forth of hous, carry (sb.) off from (his) house; (f) to carry off (the young of an animal) from the dam; of a fowl: carry off (another fowl); also, appropriate (the eggs of another fowl); (g) fig. to steal (a kiss, someone's virginity, etc.), take without permission; (h) in proverbs & prov. expressions.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)10/33 : Þæt seofoðe bebod is, 'Ne stell þu,' for þan þe se þe stellð, he hæfeð wulfes wiche & na wises mannes.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4467 : Tu þe loke wel þatt tu Ne stele nohht ne ræfe.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)31 : Bluðeliche þe mon wile gan to scrifte and segge þe preoste þet he haueð ireaueð and istolen.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)159 : Al scal þer bon þenne cud þer men luȝen her ent stelen [Trin-C: stalen].
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)67/30 : Ne sleih ne ne stell ne reaue ne forliȝe ðe on hordomes ne oðre godes forbodes ne tebrec.
- c1225 Wor.Bod.Gloss.(Hat 113)22 : Scaþiende: stelinde.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3511 : Loke ðe wel ðat ðu ne stele Ne reflac ne ðefte for-hele.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)57/3 : Ine tauerne..ariseþ þe cheastes, þe strifs, þe manslaȝþes; þer me tekþ to stele and to hongi.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.11.3 : Þer ben gaderid to hym nedi men & stelynge [WB(2): doynge thefte; vr. theues; L latrocinantes].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.7.9 : Ȝee trosten to ȝou in woordis of lesing þat shul not profite to ȝou: to steln [L furari], to slen, to don auoutrie..& to gon after aliene godis.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.3997 : Ther biforn he stal but curteisly, But now he was a theef outrageously.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6730 : He ne robbed, ne he ne stalle.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4904 : He þat has yow don socur, Stoln haue yee of his tresur.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)6.64 : Two stokkis þere stonde..Þei hote 'stele [vrr. stel, steyll, steol; B vr. stole] nouȝt, ne sle nouȝt.'
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Eph.4.28 : Qui furabatur, iam non furetur..He þat stal, stele he not now.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)343 : Ȝeue thou oonli necessaries to my lijflode..leste y, compellid bi nedines, stele, and forswere the name of my God.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)569 : Of oþer mens we sal not steyl.
- c1450 Dives & P.(Lchf 35)1.43 : Childeren þat stelen whyle þey be ȝonge schulde be chastysed.
- (1461) Paston (EETS)1.198 : Þe pepill in þe northe robbe and styll and ben apoyntyd to pill all thys cwntre.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)57 : Þu þat prechist to not steyl, stelist?
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)105 : He þat stale, steyle he not.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)708 : Ȝe xall goo robbe, stell, and kyll.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.208 : Hys pelfre also wern brente..& þretty men & sexe slayn with enmyys for þe þefte of Acor þat so stal aȝenys Goddis hest.
- a1500(a1470) Brut-1461(1) (Add 10099)523/5 : Þe handcrafty peple of þe town Arose & come to the Lumbardes houses & dispoyled & robbed diuerse of þame; wherfore þe Mair & Aldremen come with þe honest peple of þe town & drofe þame thens, & sent some of thame þat had stollen to Newgate.
b
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)31 : He scal al a-ȝeuen and seodðan bisechen milce et þan ilke monne þe he haueð er istolen.
- a1300 A Mayde Cristes (Jes-O 29)59 : Yf mon is riche of worldes weole, hit makeþ his heorte smerte & ake; If he dret þat me him stele, þenne doþ him pyne nyhtes wake.
- ?a1300 11 Pains(1) (Dgb 86)404/109 : Þe wreieþ his sibnesse oþer his steleþ, Abouen his heien þe flod heleþ.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2594 : Ðre moneð haueð ghe him hid; Durste ghe non lengere him for-helen, Ne ghe ne cuðe ðe wateres stelen.
c
- a1275(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Trin-C B.14.39)132/629 : He wole stelin þin haite.
- ?a1300 Sayings St.Bede (Dgb 86)141 : If he may comen to sottes drinke And stelen cristes teuþinge, Sstrong deþ hit wile him þenke Depe in helle winke.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)816 : 'Þou hast,' quad þe king, 'i-stole me muchel guod.'
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1760 : Qui as ðu min godes stolen?
- a1325(?c1300) NPass.(Cmb Gg.1.1)209 : Ivdas..stal [vr. staile] out of his lord is dissche Þe beste mossel of his fische.
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)316 : The silver..is so deskatered bothe hider and thidere, That halvendel shal ben stole [vr. i-stole] ar hit come togidere and acounted.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)38/8 : Vor yef þe vinst and naȝt ne yelst, þou hit stelst.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)231/22 : Þe drede of god is þe tresoriere þet þet tresor of madenhod lokeþ þet þe dyeuel ne may hit stele.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.44.5 : Þe coppe þat ȝe han ystolne, it is in þe which my lord drynkiþ.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4010 : The millere sholde noght stele [vr. stel] hem half a pekke Of corn by sleighte, ne by force hem reue.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6515 : He wole in ate windou crepe, And whil the lord is faste aslepe, He stelth what thing as him best list.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6622 : Sche hath a wardein..And Danger is his rihte name, Which under lock and under keie, That noman mai it stele aweie, Hath al the Tresor underfonge That unto love mai belonge.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2190-92 : Ȝyf þou rauysshe a mayden powre..Þou hast stole here warysun; hyt may þe brynge to more cumbryng Þan þoght þou haddest stole moche ouþer þyng.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2434 : Ȝyf þou withdrawest a mannys ryȝt Styllyche..Þogh a man parseyue hyt noght, Þou stelyst hyt, and þefte has wroght.
- (1400) Let.Hen.IV in RS 18.1 (Cleo F.3)38 : Thu knowlechest..that thy men hath stolle our horsen out of our parke.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.367 : If my neighbore had any hyne or any beste elles More profitable þan myne..atte laste I stale [C: stal] it.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)15a/a : Cleptus: stolen [Pep: stolon].
- a1425 Mirk IPP (Roy 17.C.17)937 : Hast þu stollene any thyng Or bene at any robbyng?
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Curates (Corp-C 296)154 : Þere comeþ a pardoner wiþ stollen bullis & false relekis.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)473 : Stelyn [Win: Stelyne]: Furor.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.269 : Now rue is sowe in lond that is plesaunt..They seyn ek stolon seed is but the bette.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)30/31 : A geaunt..had but oon yȝe in the myddes of his forhede..Vlixes..stale it and toke it from him, that is to seye, he put it oute.
- a1450(?1409) Vision Staunton (Roy 17.B.43)65 : Þoo..ben þe sowles of þoo men þat þe yender thefes robbeden and stalen þere goodes from hem.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)195/30 : He seiþ 'of þi richesse and of þi goodes,' not of oþere goodes, as don þilke þat wolen don almesse of þat þt þei han bynome oþer stolee.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)104/20 : Here in þis sakk er silappis & wurdis þat er ouerhipped, & also versis of þe salter & wurdis er mombled þat þir prestis & þies clerkis hase stolne in þis matyn-while.
- c1450 How mankinde dooþ (Lamb 853)461,463 : Ȝougþe hath stolen from me My leepis liȝte..Ȝougþe steeleþ my corage To pleie & fiȝte.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)84/12 : It is werse to stelyn awey a mannys good name þan his catell.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)66/18 : Wyth hou grete dampnacion schal thei be smyten that stellen [SC(1): rapiunt] a-waye other menes gudes.
- (1466) Doc.in Gilbert Cal.Dublin 1324 : Hit is ordeynet..that..suche persones..be fre..cumyng, goyng, and abydyng a day befor and a day after, so that thei bryng no man his horse of the citte with them the wiche was stoll.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)594,596 : Mercy stown a mere! He ys runn away fro hys master..Moreouer, he stale both a hors and a nete.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.208 : We fyndyn in þe booc of Iosue..þat for Acor stal gold, syluyr, & cloþ aȝenys þe hest of God, boþin he & his wyf & his childryn & alle hys bestis..wern stonyd to dede.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)128/396 : I pray you looke my slefe that I steyll noght.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)894 : For when I hadde my werkis wel wroght, Such stele it a-wey & lefte to me noght.
- a1500 Thys boke is one (StJ-O 76)3 : Thys boke ys on, crystys curs ys Anodyr; he that sstellyth [Hrl: take] the ton, I pray good send hym þe todyr.
- ?a1500(a1471) Brut-1461(2) (Lyell 34)30 : He staalle his signet and fledde in to Scotland.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11698 : I haue comynt with the keper..The stature to steile stithly by night.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)80/14 : Fornication yee shall flee; Noe meanes goodes steale yee.
d
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)180/82 : He hadde drede Þat cristine Men him wolden stele and is bodi a-wei lede.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)123/2518 : He priked to þe galewes wiȝ his fole And fond þat a þef was istole.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)3540 : Luke þat yhe say vn-to all men..Þat armed men..Come vn-to þe graue bi nyght..als yhe slepand lay, And stale þe cors fra yhow o-way.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 21.12 : Dauiþ ȝide & tooc þe bones of Saul & þe bones of Jonathan..fro þe men of Jabes galaad, þe whiche hadden stoln [L furati fuerant] hem fro þe strete of bethsan.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.63 : Seynt Oswald his arm is in þe abbay at Peterisborgh..it was..i-stole [L furtim sublatum] out of þe olde restynge place and þider i-brouȝt.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17444 : At quils bi night on-slepe þai lai Men com and stale [Ld: stole] iesu a-wai.
- a1425(c1300) Assump.Virg.(1) (Add 10036)121/386 : When I am faren to heuen blis, Wakeþ alle þer my body is..That no Iewe stele [vr. bere] it awai.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)2946 : He dred þat men sold do him gile To stele som of þe hanged men.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)2964 : Sone he myssed ane of þe thre..he gan hir say How his o knight was stollen oway.
- a1450(a1400) Titus & V.(Add 36523)1450 : Þei buryede hym and dede hym kepe With her knyghtes..The knyghtes comen hoom..And seide he was risen and goon; They ȝeven the knyghtes mede..To seye þat he was stolen hem froo.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)68/13 : We shul geue to thees iij knightis gret plente of gold and siluere..þat thei sey vnto Pilat & to the comon peple that the disciples of Iesu Crist haue stolen him awey.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)4178 : Ther was oon which that stale away The ded cors, & dede his besy cur Most secretely to make his sepultur.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)312/198 : Kepe hym well vnto the thryd day That no tratur steyll his cors you fray.
e
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2075 : For ic am stolen of kinde lond, And her wrigteleslike holden in bond.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)4829 : Gij..souȝt þat maiden..He wende sche were stole wiþ outlawe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Ph.(Manly-Rickert)C.184 : My seruant..fro myn hous was stole vp on a nyght Whil that she was ful yong.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2153 : Ȝyf þou euer stale a chylde aweye, yn swyche þefte ys grete affraye.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8635 : Yeild me mi child þou fra me stall.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8681 : Ne thoght i neuer þi child to stelle, Bot i am womman tru and lele.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)210/1 : Ofte-tymes þe pore peple stale childern and ete ham.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)348 : Þei stelen pore mennis children..and þei stelen gladlich eires..and þus þei maken londis bareyne for wiþdrawyng of werkmen.
- ?c1430 Wycl.PPPriests (Corp-C 296)278 : Þat þe open þefte of mennus children þat feyned religious vsen vnder colour of holynesse be scharply ponyschid & forbeden, for bi þis many children ben..dampned..for whanne þei beþ stolen awey fro here eldris..þei schul not forsake þe habit of freris for drede of prisonynge & deþ, þouȝ it be agens here wille & conscience.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)146 : God is such oon that he nedith not..housis to be lockid leste men steele awey him..and these ydolis..neden these thingis..wherfore noon of these ydolis whiche ȝe worschipen..is verri God.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)268/12 : Thow come & stale me furthe of my howse becauce be me þou trowid to hafe welthe of gudis.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Guy (LdMisc 683)173 : Raynbourne..in yong age was stole traytourly, By straunge marchauntis ongoodly lad away.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.2386 : If euer ye stale ony straunge childe -- As somme women doo..Wherthurghe somme men be foule begiled, For somme woman can a child preuely purchase..And sey the childe is like hir housband..This is a theif..To put the right heire from his heritaunce.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)313 : He..saide þat a gret multitude of peple had stolyn and Ravisshed þe lady from hym.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13197 : Onone in the night, þat noble he stale Fro the souerain hir Syre.
f
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2627 : Ther nas no tygre..Whan that hir whelp is stole whan it is lite, So cruel on the hunte as is Arcite.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)302b/a : The femel bere hatte vrsa and is most cruel beste whanne hire whelpes beþ y-stole [L rapiuntur].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)325a/a : Partriches steliþ [L furatur] eiþer oþres eiren, but þis fraude haþ no fruyte.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1889 : Þe tygre þat fynt ystole Her whelpes..Wiþ mouþ she brenneþ beest and man.
- a1475 *Hrl.Diseases Hawk A (Hrl 2340)27a : Euery oþer day lat hyr [hawk] stele a pertrych and hete I-now þerof and þan wyll sche neuyr for sake hir game.
g
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6558 : If thou hast stolen eny cuss Or other thing which therto longeth..Tell on forthi and sei the trouthe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6567 : Yit dorste I nevere in privete Noght ones take hire be the kne To stele of hire or this or that.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6750 : He thurghout hir chambre wall Cam in al sodeinliche and stall That thing which was to him so lief.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)121/3603,3611 : Right ny myn hert..I haue y-putt a cosse..Which y haue stolne..But and of grace hit lust my lady so To suffre me withouten displesere To stele a nothir, wold y go right nere.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)133/3972 : My gostly fadir y me confesse..That at a wyndow wot ye how I stale a cosse of gret swetnes.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)143 : Allas..for I have stolne the floure of virginitee fro your douter.
h
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)8/116 : Þing ihid ne þing istole Ne mai nowt longe be for hole.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Prov.9.17 : Stoln watris [WB(2): Watris of thefte; L Aquæ furtivæ] ben swettere and hid bred more sweete.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.902 : Whan the grete Stiede Is stole, thanne he taketh hiede And makth the stable dore fast.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6633 : For this proverbe is evere newe That stronge lokes maken trewe Of hem that wolden stele and pyke.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Cock (Hrl 2255)175 : Tyl it be loost, stoole thyng is nat sought.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.46 : When þe hors is stole, steke þe stabull-dore.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)215 : But as for the mony, I wot not howe hit was departyd; I trowe the pursse stale the mony.
- c1475 Rwl.Prov.(Rwl D.328)p.121 : Ho so stelyth when he ys dronke, he shall anhanggyd when he ys fresch.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)133/524 : He lernyd tymely to steyll, that couth not say nay.
2.
(a) To appropriate to oneself (a blessing, honor, power, etc.) wrongfully or undeservedly, appropriate (praise, thanks, etc. due to God); win (a lawsuit) wrongly or fraudulently; ~ shrift, gain absolution by fraud; ~ wordes, fig. steal (God's) words; (b) to entice (souls) away (from Christ); entice (sb.) away (from the refuge of God's purity); (c) to withhold (sth., one's body or soul) wrongfully; (d) to conceal (sth.); (e) ~ a dai of lenten, ?to omit a day from Lent.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1568 : Or he min firme birðe toc, Nu haued he stolen min bliscing oc.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)23/21 : Ydeleblisse benimþ god and stelþ þet his is.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)26/8 : Þo byeþ ypocrites sotyls þet sotilliche wylleþ heȝe cliue and steleþ þe dingnetes and þe baylyes.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.23.30 : Lo I to þe prophetis, seiþ þe lord, þat steln [vr. stelun] my woordis eche fro his neȝebore.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3176 : Falsly, wurschyp haue y stolne.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)11824 : Ȝyf þou þe shryue by parcelles..þy shryfte þou steles; Ȝyf þou shewe one, o party, And anoþer prest þou tellest anoþer foly, Þat shryfte ys noȝt.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3516 : Yonger o þir tua þe blissing stal his broþer fra.
- a1425 MChristi (Arun 286)62/1736 : He bereþ þe name of Crist in veyne þat folowes noȝt Crist..for what profyteþ it to þe to be cleput þat þou art noȝt, falsly to stele þe name of oþer men?
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)38/15 : He þat is..indiscreet steliþ vndiscreetly my worschip as a þeef, and retteþ al to himsilf þat comeþ fro me.
- ?c1430 Wycl.PPPriests (Corp-C 296)280 : Þat worldly clerkis & feyned religious vsurpen not þe kyngis regalie, ne stelle fro hym his holy power graunted of god.
- (c1456) Paston2.152 : Sir Simond seyd that the sewte was stole ayenst Sir Thomas Tuddenham yn the Kynges court, and sodenly jugement yoven..And y vndrestand by the plee that it was not stolen, for he..had respyt iij wekes day to geve aunsuer to hys obligacion.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.20.13a : Þei preisen and þanken god wiþ lippes; bute in here hertes, þei stelen as þefes þe wurschip and þe þankynge fro god..he delitid hym wilfulli in a priue pride in hym self of þe ȝiftes of god, stelend þe wurschip and þe lowynge fro god, and sette hit in him self.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.790 : They putten in theues that stelen the soules of Iesu Crist and destroyen his patrimoyne.
- a1425(a1396) Maidstone PPs. (Wht)397 : Ȝif any strengh wil me stele Out of the close of thi clennes, Wys me, Lorde..And kepe me for thi kyndenes.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.878 : This is the fouleste thefte that may be, whan a womman steleth hir body from hir housbonde and yeueth it to hire holour to defoulen hire, and steleth hir soule fro Crist and yeueth it to the deuel.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)202/17 : And so þei wolden haue God fauorable to here þefte, for þei stelen here soules and here bodies..and seruen his enemy.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)50/25 : He þat vnwysely wakiþ or fastiþ..so..þat þe fleische waxiþ seek and þe spirit dulleþ..he steliþ fro his body þe mede of his goode werkis, fro his spirit loue, fro his broþer ensaumple, louyng & honour fro God.
d
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3691 : No pryde ne may be stole No yn shryfte be forhole.
- a1450(?1404) As þe see (Dgb 102)153 : Fro goddis syȝt, who may stele Word or werk, þe lest þouȝt?
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)258 : But þis begger his hurtes wol not stele; He wele telle al and more; he can nouȝt hele.
e
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)123/46 : Me þincþ he were a queinte man bote he couþe of gramerie Þat ssolde stele a day of Leinte.
3.
(a) To spirit (sb. or sth.) away secretly; ~ awei; ~ awei honde, withdraw (one's) hand little by little; (b) to capture (a town) by surprise; (c) to achieve (heaven), gain; fig. win (love's game), steal (joy); (d) to act secretly; ~ mariage, make a secret marriage; (e) ppl. stolen as adj.: secret; also, surreptitious, furtive.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 19.41 : Whi oure breþeren þe men of Juda han stoln þee & han brouȝt ouer Jordan þe king & his hous.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)4 Kings 11.2 : Josaba, þe douȝter of kyng Joram..takynge Joas, þe sone off ochosie, stal hym fro þe myddes off þe sones of þe kyng þat weren slayn.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)14/1 : Þei pulled up sail & stale þe schip from hir.
- (1461) Paston2.230 : Jn the mene while Herry the Sexte mygh haue ben stole a-way at a lytyl posterne on þe bak syde.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)135/6 : Than þe cuntesse of Bowan stal fro hir lord all his grete hors, and, with swech men as sche trostid, cam to þat same abbey.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)147b/a : Þe wounde schal be sewid..& þanne a man schal holden his hond þer vpon..& sumdel streyne þe lippis of þe wounde bitwixe his hond..bi þe mountaunce of an hour ouþir þer aboute as a man seeþ þat it is nede, and þanne stele awey þe hond softe and faire.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)189/3 : Euyl men wern so wroth wyth Petyr..þat þay..put hym ynto prison..and sendyn mony knyghtys forto wake hym, lest he had byn stolne out of prison.
b
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1778 : Þay þrongen þeder..Lyfte laddres ful longe and upon lofte wonen, Stelen stylly þe toun er any steven rysed.
- c1450(c1430) Brut-1430 (Glb E.8)424/16 : This Erle of Gascoigne..come be nyght and stale the toune of Pounteyse of the Frensshe men, and drof hem oute.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6787 : Ofte time love hath pleid And stole many a prive game, Which nevere yit cam into blame, Whan that the thinges weren hidde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1451 : O cruel day, accusour of þe joie That nyght and love han stole and faste iwryen, Acorsed be thi comyng into Troye.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)48/64 : Sum men þer ben þat stelon heuen With penans, prayers, and pouerte; And sum goon to hele ful euen For lust.
d
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1035 : Wile ic nogt stelen, Ne min dede abraham helen: Ic cume to sen ðat sinne dwale Ðat is me told of miries dale.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)363 : This mariage wolde he haue stole hadde no Merlin I-be.
e
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)706 : At a stylle stollen steven, unstered wyth syȝt, Luf-lowe hem bytwene lasched so hote, Þat alle þe meschefez on mold moȝt hit not sleke.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1659 : Such semblaunt to þat segge semly ho made, Wyth stille stollen countenaunce, þat stalworth to plese.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4181 : What schuld I write þe reuel & þe daunces..Þe stole touchis, þe lokis amerous, Þe prevy gruchyng of hem þat wer Ielous.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1669 : But to telle all the circumstances Of Iustes, Reuel, and the dyuers daunces..The pryve sighes and the feruent hete..The touches stole and thamerous lookes..Al this..descryven I ne can.
4.
(a) To come or go secretly or stealthily, come or go unobserved; refl. betake oneself secretly; ~ from (oute of), depart secretly or stealthily from (sb., a place), slip away from; also fig.; ~ on (upon), creep up stealthily on (sb., an animal, a city, etc.) with hostile intent; also fig.; ben stolen, be or have come; also fig.; ppl. stolen, absent, gone; (b) with adverbs: ~ (ben stolen) awei, to come or go away stealthily, steal off unperceived; also fig.; also, as name for a hare, in phrase: the stele awei; ~ bihinden, creep up from behind, follow; ~ forth (oute), steal forth (out); ~ in, enter stealthily, sneak in; ~ to, come secretly; (c) fig. of time, a moment: to come or go imperceptibly; of an impulse: come insensibly (over sb.); ~ on herte, of beauty: come over (someone's) heart imperceptibly; (d) ~ wei, to take (one's) way, depart.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1177 : He nom his enne hired-mon..& hehte hine swiðe stille steolen vt of hirede.
- c1300 SLeg.Pilate (Hrl 2277)18 : Pilatus..stal adai stilleliche and slouȝ þat child wiþ gyle.
- a1325 SLeg.Cross (Corp-C 145)174/199 : Wanne Cristene men miȝte þuder stele [Ld: ȝeoden], hy ne durste for doute And eke aȝen hore heorte it was to eny maumet aloute.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3763 : Iudith..his heed of smoot and from his tente Ful pryuely she stal from euery wight.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.395 : He..fil vppon þe wommen þat were vnarmed; For hym was leuere stele vppon [L insidiando] hem þan come vppon hem wiþ a bataile opounliche.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.610 : As soone as it myghte be He stal hym hoom agayn to his contree.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12524 : Iosep..sent him to þe yerd..For to gedir þam sum cale; And iesus still him efter stal.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)118 : He ne couþe no better diȝtt, Bot out of londe stale by niȝtt.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)7.106 : Ich am wratthe..wol gladliche smyte..and stele vp-on myn enemy.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1191 : Ho stepped stilly & stel to his bedde.
- (?c1422) Hoccl.ASM (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)575 : Deeth on hem stelith with hir darte.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.752 : I shal to-morwe..Out of this oost stele on som manere syde And gon with Troilus.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)151b/b : A wode hounde..barkeþ but selden..and he steleþ on a man and biteþ him priuelye.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1333 : A cloth he lafte and ek his swerd stondynge, Whan he from Dido stal [vr. stele] in hire slepynge.
- a1450(?c1343) Rolle EDormio (Cmb Dd.5.64)65/158 : When þi hert es haly ordande to þe service of God and al worldly thoghtes put oute, þan wil þe liste stele by þe alane, to thynk on Criste and to be in mykel praying.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)175/13 : What warde þou moste make þat þyn enemyes stele noght on þi walles.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)4355 : He is no man; he is a pouke þat out off helle is jstole [vr. ystollyn].
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)654 : At the ches with me she gan to pleye..She staal on me and toke my fers.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)465 : Ane has stollen in my stede sen I was stad þare.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)17634 : To Iudyth chamber con þei pase and saw hyr stollyn out of þat sted.
- c1450 How mankinde dooþ (Lamb 853)453-4 : Ȝougþe staale from me; þat soore me greuis; Age steeleþ on me [vr. me seketh] boþe day and nyȝte.
- a1463 *Scrope Othea (Mrg M 775)109/20 : Hector stale fro his fader and sterte oute of the cite be a wey vndir erthe.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.21 : Þis beste..Secheth and sercheth þo schrewed wormes, Þat steleth on þe stedis to stynge hem to deth.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)59/11 : Chevaytenes ought to sette watche..that the contre and the people be not stolen opon [F souprins]..with thevis.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)168 : Age ys stolen the vppon, And thy lyf-dayes beȝt ny don.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38)720 : Of hys fomen came thretty bowne, Stelyng on hym stylle.
- a1500 Add.Hymnal (Add 34193)481/32 : Illumyne vs, lord, with lyght of grace dyvyne, Reymevyng synne þat stale one vs be nyght.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)52/89 : I am..to hem liche a tree in whiche sparowes shullen stelen, her birdes to norisshe and forth bringe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6455 : Mony stithe, in the stoure, stale fro þere lyues.
b
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1140 : Te æorl stæl ut & ferde efter Rodbert, eorl of Gloucestre.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1140 : Þa hi ne leng ne muhten þolen, þa stali hi ut & flugen.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)103 : Þarto þu stele in o dai & leidest þar on þi fole ey.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1432 : Heo mai hire guld atwende Arihte weie þurþ chirche bende..An go to him bi daies lihte Þat er stal to bi þeostre nihte.
- ?a1300 Names Hare (Dgb 86)350/18 : Þe hare, þe scotart..Þe stele-awai, þe momelart.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)29/98 : Þo nomen þe luþere men..his bones þat weren bi-left vn-barnd a-midde þe se to caste, Ake cristine Men..stelen to bi niȝte And bureden..with ase gret honour ase huy miȝte.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11847 : Vor drede her of he wende him ouer se & stilleliche stel awei & ne com neuere aȝe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3786 : Ful softe out at the dore he gan to stele.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3997 : Þou..Stale byhynden on oure kyng, Hym to slen so þeefliche.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1203 : Þay stel out on a stylle nyȝt er any steven rysed.
- c1400 Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)42/685 : Go forþ in-to Symons hows..and auyse þe wel how..Crist syt þer ate mete, and pryuely stele forþ wit þilke blessede synnere Marie Magdeleyn.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)94 : Þei shuld go forþ þidere..and sette redy waites..to se if þe deere þat is harboured wold stirt and stele away or þe lymer meued hym.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1348 : A sari man þan was Sir Kay, Þat said þat he was stollen oway.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)779 : Piramus and..Thysbe..plyghten trouthe..That ilke same nyght to stele [vrr. stelone, stell] awey.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2154 : He..tok his wif and ek hire sister fre And ek the gayler, and with hem alle thre Is stole [vr. stele] awey out of the lond by nyghte.
- a1450(?c1430) Lydg.DM(1) (Hnt EL 26.A.13)440 : Al beaute is but a feynte ymage Whiche steleth a-wai or folkes can take hede.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)381 : This hert rused and staal away Fro alle the houndes a privy way.
- (1462) Paston (EETS)1.524 : No man can get no leue for to go home but if they stell a-wey.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)87/17 : The Iuwes haue hold me in prison vnto now that I am stoln awey.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)169/3 : The kyngys iii stelyn awey full styll thorwe bedleem londe.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)9/32 : I haue avowet chastite; And when my fadyr wold haue mariet me to a gret prince, for I wold not breke my vow, pryuely..I stale forþe yn pore wede.
- a1500 How mankinde dooþ (Fil)325 : Ȝought stelyth away fro me; þat sore me greuith.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.21 : Lordynges, the tyme wasteth nyght and day And steleth [vr. stolet] from vs.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)20 : Ȝet þoȝt me neuer so swete a sange As stylle stounde let to me stele.
- a1425 Maidstone PPs.(Add 10036)13 : Ȝif ani sterynge on me stele, Out of þe clos of þi clennesse Wysse me, lord.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)115/3456 : The bewte she hath..stelith, lo, an hert so pratily That, but ye bet abowt yowre silf aspy..yowre hert shall be goon.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)371 : The tyme..passeth nyght and day..And steleth from vs so priuely That to ys semeth sykerly That it in one poynt dwelleth euer.
d
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2174 : Forth goth he To shipe, and as a traytour stal his wey.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.2547 : Whil he lay nakid, she karff a-too his hed, Stal hir way..And to kyng Mynos the hed she doth present.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)7.101 : That Edricus, seenge the Danes to be inclynede, stale his weye [L fugam dolose capessit] from the hoste.
5.
(a) To place (sb.) somewhere in a surreptitious manner, bring in secretly; ~ dint on, deliver an unanticipated blow to (sb.); ~ cosses to, give surreptitious kisses to (sb.); (b) to bring (vengeance on sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3872 : Laban..did a trecheri, For þan he had may rachell wedd, Lia he stall vn-til his bed.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5385 : Scho..stelis to him cusses.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)1299 : Thou hast stole on me that dynte; I shall quyte the thyn hire.
b
- c1390 Ȝhit is god (Vrn)10 : We may not seye, but ȝif we lyȝe, Þat god wol vengaunce on vs stele; For openly we seo wiþ eiȝe, Þis warnynges beoþ wonder & fele.
6.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1180) Pipe R.Hen.II128 : Robertus Stelecat.
- (1300) Close R.Edw.I398 : Richard Stelewymman.
- (1393) Doc.Thaxted in Ess.ROP 3347 : John Stelewomman.
- (a1438) Surname in Mun.Magd.Oxf.97 : Rich. Stelewoman.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)124/18 : A goueler is a raueynere, for he stelyth his soule fro god to þe deuyl.
Note: Postdates sense
Note: Supplemental material for 2.(b).--per MJW
Note: Only ~ to--per MJW
Note: Is this phrase really necessary, though, since "to" prep. just means something like "for the benefit of"? ~ to:"to steal (one's soul from God) for the benefit of (the devil)".--per MLL
Note: gaveler = usurer