Middle English Dictionary Entry
sparren v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | sparren v.(1) Also spar(re, spare & spāren, (N) spair; p. spared, etc. & sparde; pl. sparred, sparrut & (error) spradde; ppl. spared, etc. & spard(e. |
Etymology | From OE gesparrian & MDu. sparren (var. of sperren) or MLGspāren, sparren (vars. of spēren); also cp. ME sparre n. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp.speren v.(1).
1.
(a) To lock; -- used in fig. context; (b) of a part of the body: to close up; also, refl. close itself; ~ after, of heaven: close behind (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)24/35 : The lokke muste be strenghthed that the fende oppen nott the lokke of cheryte and sende in hys love; Þe keye to open and sparr oweth to be only desyr of God.
b
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)56/118 : It is schet..til þat nede of kynde delyvere þe fode dyffyede owt of þe stomak, & als sone as it is owt, þe maw gat sparys hytself agayne as he wos byforen.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)284/3754 : When an etys, þe trachiarterie sparys & þe wesand opynes, & when an spekys, þe trachearterie opnys & þe wesand closys.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)496/22 : When þis song, Te Deum, was begon, sho saw hevyn oppyn..And when þai sang þe laste vers..þe quere of þe susters descendid agayn down vnto þe erth, and hevyn sparryd agayn after þaim.
2.
(a) To shut (a door, gate, window, etc.), lock, bar; fig. lock (the heart); ~ to, bar (a door) against (sb.); also, close (a door) on (oneself); ~ unto, close (a door) on (oneself); (b) to close (one's eyes); ~ eres, shut (one's) ears, refuse to listen; also, prevent (sb.) from hearing [quot. c1450, 1st]; ~ herte, fig. harden (someone's) heart, prevent (sb.) from repenting; ~ lippes, close (one's) lips, be silent; ~ matris, close the womb; ~ mouth, close (someone's) mouth, prevent (sb.) from speaking; ~ purse, shut (someone's) purse, prevent (sb.) from giving; (c) to exclude (sth.); ~ oute, shut out (sb. or sth.), exclude; ~ to, close (heaven) to (sb.), bar (sb.) from (heaven); ~ unto, forbid entry to (a church) to (sb.); no linage was spared, no kinship was excluded (from marriage), consanguinity was no bar (to marriage).
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1225 Ancr.(Cleo C.6)58/14 : Spareð [Corp-C: sperreð] ower ech þurles, to ow ne come nan tale ne tidinge of þe worlde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2788 : Fast þe dors þan did he sparr [Göt: bar].
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)13200 : His soule went anoon to helle; Þe ȝatis fonde he sparred fast.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3320 : Love..took myne herte..hym tille..He thought it so hym forto obey That he it sparrede with a key.
- a1425 Nicod.(1) (Add 32578)1351 : Sathanas, sparre þe ȝates.
- c1425 Bible SNT(1) (Cmb Dd.12.39)Deeds 12.14 : Sche..lefte þo ȝhate sparde.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)7/28 : Þou to me opyns not, bot turns þi face; Þou spars þi dore & hydes þi-self.
- c1440(?a1375) Abbey HG (Thrn)53/7 : Halde þe with-in þe cloyster, and so sparre þou þe ȝates.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)11/29 : Þis abbatis..had a privay chappell..And sho went in þer & sparrid þe dure vnto hur.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)141/21 : Sho hate a grete oven..& when it was rede hate sho sparrid þe duris to hur & crape into it.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)5067 : Barwyt..fande þe mynster ȝatis spared; As a wodeman he fared.
- a1500 Lord what is (RwlPoet 36)43 : What nede is it to spare the yate, þer no thyng is lefte in the wey?
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)49 : Thre [?read: The] spert [read: sperles] of þe spelunke..spradde [read: spardde] hit o lofte.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)42/9 : Clerkes and monkes droghen Thomas to þe chyrch and sparrut þe dyrres to hom; But when Thomas herd þe knyghtes..wold haue comen yn and myght not, Thomas..vnbarret þe dyrre.
- a1500 Parton.(1) (Add 35288)2742 : He comawndyth..The porterys to sparre the gatys faste.
- a1500 RHood & M.(Cmb Ff.5.48)st.61 : Whan John came to Notyngham, The ȝatis were sparred ychon.
b
- ?c1225 Ancr.(Cleo C.6)58/14 : Ower earen..spareð..to ow ne come nan tale ne tidinge of þe worlde.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)440/1422 : When þai have conceyved, þe matrice is closed & spared.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)107 : Spayr þi lipes & hald þam still, So þat þay opyn noght with ill.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)67/3-5 : I am a fend..callid Claudens Aurem, Ere sparrer, And I hafe other iij felows..Claudens Cor..Claudens Os..Claudens Bursam; The furst sparis a mans harte þat he may not hafe contricion for his syn; The second sparis his mouthe þat he sall not shryfe hym, & þe thrid sparis his purs þat he sall make no satisfaccion nor dele non almos-dede..And I my selfe sparis a mans eris þat he sall nott here noo gude prechyng.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)247/1 : Evur when sho..compleynyd hur vnto hym, he sparrid his eris & wold not here hur.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)3847 : He spared his eghen and lay still, And slepid.
c
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2602 : To Danao and Egistes also, Althogh so be that they were brethren two -- For thilke tyme was spared no lynage -- It lykede hem to make a maryage Bytwixen Ypermystre and hym Lyno.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)16/31 : Holy men..treuly sal haue power to spar heuen to þame þat þame disesis.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)35 : Sorwyng þat mankynde was spard out by þe fendes deceyt from þe delytes of paradyse, he..toke flesh & blod of a virgyn.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)36/3 : The kurk is oppyn to þaim þat er my servandis, & it is sparrid vnto me þat am ane Emperour.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)26/128 : Anoynt thi ship with pik and tar..The water out to spar.
3.
(a) To enclose (sb. in a prison, cell, grave, etc.), confine; enclose (sth. in a container or in the earth); confine (heat in the ground); ppl. spared, imprisoned; (b) to conceal (sth.), hide.
Associated quotations
a
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)106/1224 : In tym of wynter..het is sparyd & closyt in þe ground.
- c1425 Bible SNT(1) (Cmb Dd.12.39)Deeds 26.10 : I sparde [L inclusi] in prisone many halowes.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)75/32 : If I wald speke þis Ioy vnabyll to be told, me semys to my self Als and I suld teym þe see be droype, and spar it all in a lityll hole of þe erth.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)50 : Oure lord god..is made knowe to vs by blessed Kateryne whom Maxence..by wood doom holdeth sparde in pryson.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)3/30 : Thaysis..was sparred in a cloce cell iij yere.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)179/26 : He wold spar hur in a lofte.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)296/32 : O! þou happy Rome, þat sparris bothe in a grafe þe bodie of Saynt Laurens þe Hyspany & þe bodie of Saynt Stephan of Ierusalem.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)296/104 : They ar sparyd in specyall space.
- a1500 ?Ros Belle Dame (Cmb Ff.1.6)66 : Fortune..þe forser hath vnschete, Wher-in wasse sparde all my worldely Rychesse.
b
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)62/9 : The ta party is oure saviour and oure saluacion; This blyssed party is opyn and clere..The tother parte is spared fra vs and hidde, that is to saye, alle that is besyde oure saluacion.
4.
To block (sth.); ~ up, stop (sth.) up.
Associated quotations
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)106/1223 : In tym of wynter þe porys of þe eyre are sparyd & closyd because of frigidite.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)17103 : Þerfor he gart spare ylk spowte whore any wels of watur were.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)60/1 : Þe flude..callid Artose bolnyd up..and yit, þuf all þe duris wer oppyn, it come not in, and it sparrid vp þe kurk-duris & þe wyndows, as it had bene turnyd into a thyng þat had bene faste as þe stone wall.