Middle English Dictionary Entry
smith n.
Entry Info
Forms | smith n. Also smithe, smiththe, smithȝ, smiȝth, smight, smiȝt, smit, smeit, smēth, (in cpd.) smet- & (in names) smite, smiz, smiht, smhit, smitht, smid, smidhe, smede, smeht. |
Etymology | OE smiþ; for forms in -e- cp. pl.gen. *smeoða & ME smithen v. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A blacksmith, an ironworker; a farrier; also fig.; also, a worker in various metals; master ~; (b) an artisan, a workman; a carpenter; (c) in cpds. & combs.: ~ col, blacksmith's coal; ~ craft [OE smiðcræft], blacksmithing; ~ hous, a smithy; ~ man, an ironworker; ~ ston, a grindstone; ~ tonges; ~ ware, metal artifacts; ~ wif, ?a female blacksmith; ?a blacksmith's wife; blak ~ [see blak adj. 4.(a)]; gold ~, q.v.; hamer ~ [see hamer n. 3.(a)]; iren ~ [see iren adj. 7.(a)]; metal ~ [see metal n. (a)]; silver ~ [see silver n. 7.]; (d) in phrases: art of smithes, smithes craft, the craft of blacksmithing; smithes belies, belies of smithes, bellows; smithes chimene, a forge; smithes fir, fir of smithes; smithes hamer; smithes sinder, iron slag; smithes tonge; smithes trough; smithes water, water of smithes, water in which hot iron is quenched; smithes werk, a job of blacksmithing; (e) the craft of blacksmithing; craft of ~; (f) in surnames; (g) in place names [see Smith PNElem.2.130-31].
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(c1125) Vsp.D.Hom.Elucid.(Vsp D.14)141/27 : Se deofol..is smið, & his heorð is seo gedrefodnysse.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10544 : Þa dude he on his burne ibroide of stele þe makede on aluisc smið.
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)539/4 : Faber, uel cudo: smiþ.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1206 : Ich wot ȝef smiþes schal uuele clenche.
- a1300 I syke (Dgb 2)42 : Þe naylis beit al to longe; þe smyt his al to sleye.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)466 : Sella..bar tubal, a sellic smið; Of irin, of golde, siluer, and bras To sundren and mengen wis he was.
- a1325(?c1300) NPass.(Cmb Gg.1.1)1339 : Þei founden a smithȝ..Þei bedin him..Þat he schold..make nailes..To naile Iesu Criste on þe rode.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.458 : Sir Amoraunt drouȝ his gode brond..Þat neuer armour miȝt wiþstond Þat was made of smitþes hond.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)130/24 : Þe uour smiþes..byeþ þe uour þoȝtes.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.205 : Pictagoras..herde smethes [Higd.(2): smyȝhtes; L fabros] bete wiþ hameres on hoot iren.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3761 : A smyth men clepen daun Gerueys..in his forge smythed plough harneys; He sharpeth shaar and cultour bisily.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)14a/a : Angelis..buþ I-clepid smythes for þey arrayeth for vs goostly wepoun.
- a1400(?c1280) SLeg.Nativ.M&C (Stw 949)196 : Iosep..gan..maken hym faire brydale..for he was a carponter and no smiþ.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23238 : Þe fifte [pain] es vndemnes dint..Als it war dintes on a steþi þat smythes [Frf: smiþþis; Göt: smethes] smittes in a smeþey.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)52 : Thise þingges can wel don þe smytthes [F mareschauls], for as þe nayle is drawe out of þe hors eye, in þe same wise he must be drawe out of þe houndis ye.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5820 : Þis smyȝt, þis false Wlcanus..hadde hem þus espied.
- a1425 Adam & E.(3) (Wht)88/23 : Tubalcaym..was an hamer-smyth and a smyth into alle werkis of bras and of irun.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)44/31 : A smyth wyth a fyle..makyth þe yron to be bryte & cler to þe sygth whech be-forn aperyd rusty, dyrke, euyl colowryd.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)157 : Ferrowre, smythe: Ferrarius, ferrator.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)69/20 : Vulcans..forged..a cheyne of bras and bonde hem bothe to-gidere soo that þei myȝt not meve, as he þat is smyth [vr. smyght] of hevin.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)35a : Þe oost haþ..in eueriche legioun men of craft, as..ferours and oþer smythes.
- 1451 Tundale (Roy 17.B.43)1023 : Þe mayster smythe was brennyng balde; Ulcani was his name calde.
- (1463) Acc.Howard in RC 57219 : Item, payd to a smeyt ffor haspys and semewys for koferys..xx d.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)15701 : A lady callyd Ryghtwysnesse, Smyth and also forgeresse Off al vertues..hem forgeth.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)287 : Lyke as þe smyth trieth ern in þe feere, So was he [Job] triede by Godys vysytacyon.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.120 : Þe smyth gryndyȝt a knyf or an eex or a swerd on his stoon.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)2135 : Eolus the smyth, with his [vr. smothe] wyndis soft, Al this while enspired nat aloft.
- a1500 Add.37075 Gloss (Add 37075)47/269a : Vulcan: smyght.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)51/4 : He was buhsum ane deadliche manne, Iosepe ðe smiðe.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)42/27 : Godd almihti beah to mon, to marie & to ioseph, to a smið [Roy: pore man] & to a wummon.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)59 : Þe Gywes and þe faryseus..seyden, he is a smyþes sune; ne beo we noht his frend.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.5.26 : Þe lift hond she putte to þe nail & þe riȝt to þe hamers of smeþys.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5424 : Þai [adders] ware crokid & coynnt, with corouns on hede..smytten all of smythis of smaragdens fine.
c
- (1370) Invent.Jarrow in Sur.Soc.2953 : In domo fabri..j par de smythtanges.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)79a/a : Som of þese diuers traueilles hetiþ and drieþ þe body, as smyth craft [L ars fabrilis].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)195a/a : Chymalea..is grauele and sonde y-shaue or y-bruysede of a smethe stoone [L ex lapide fabrili].
- (1403-4) LRed Bk.Bristol2.182 : Estraungeours..commeth..wyth eny penyworthes yclepid smythware to sylle.
- (1408-9) Acc.Iron Master in EHR 14: 519 : In stipendio Johannis Gylle, smythman alias blomer.
- c1410 Trev.Higd.(Add 24194)2.229 : Smythcraft [StJ-C: Tubalcain fonde first smythes craft].
- a1425 Roy.17.C.17 Nominale (Roy 17.C.17)651/26 : Fabrissa: smytwyfe.
- 1451 Tundale (Roy 17.B.43)1013-14 : Þat dale fulle of smethous [vr. smyþyes] stode, And smythes aboute þe smethous ȝode With gret hammers in her hande And gret tonges hote gloand.
- (1466) Acc.Howard in RC 57333 : My mastyr paid to Edward of Manytre for a chaldre of smythe cole, iij s.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)692/10 : [F]abrissa: a smyth wyfe.
d
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.229 : Tubalcain fonde first smythes craft [vr. smythcraft; Higd.(2): the arte of smythes; L artem ferrariam].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)23a/a : Drawinge togedres is aȝenward from þe vttir parties toward þe middil of þe herte as it is I-seye in belies of smethes [L fabrorum].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)49b/b : To þis ar ordinate..a wasshyng..with water of smytthez, [etc.].
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)186b/b : Make ane electuarie þer off wiþ smythþes water.
- (1429) J.Boys in Nrf.Archaeol.15151 : j lod of colys v d. qwych he hepyth [read: kepyth] in partie of payiement for..smethis werk.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)78 : Cyndyr of þe smythys fyre: Casuma.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)461 : Smythys chymney, or herthe: Fabrica.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)461 : Smythys hamyr: Marcus.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)461 : Smythys tongge: Tenella.
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)104 : This bagge, be it dreynt in þe bath with smethis water.
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)152 : Take þat þat lyeth in þe smethys trowgh vnder his gryndyng stone..and medle hit with vynegre.
- ?c1450 Recipe MS Bühler 21 in SML Baugh (Mrg B 21)288 : Take smythis synder & make yt rede hote in the ffyre.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)36a/b : Whanne yt [lungs] puttiþ out þe eir wiþ breþinge, þanne it..falliþ voyde lijk vn to a smyþis belies.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apost.(Dub 245)433 : Comynge inne of freris þat shulden quenche þis synne makiþ it mor fervent, as water fier of smyþis.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8645 : Smithes crafte was þe firste þat cam Aftir þe makinge of Adam.
e
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)46/9 : Þouȝ a smyþ haue þe craft of smyþe as a sufficient ground and fundement forto make a knyf, ȝit he muste haue..an hamor as an instrument.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8641 : Foure craftes..man might yuel forbere; Oone is smyth, anoþer write..Þe þridde art is weyving, And þe ferþe is sewing.
f
- (1220) CRR(2) 8382 : Dicke Smith.
- (1250) in Fransson Surn.142 : Thom. le smiz.
- (1275) in Fransson Surn.142 : Rob. Smyte.
- (1299) Pat.R.Edw.I434 : Christina the Smytheswyf.
- (1303-4) Freeman R.in KRec.18186 : Willelmus Smyth de Sandwico.
- (1312) Plea R.Edw.II in WSAS 1011 : Adam le Smythessone.
- (1315) in Sundby Dial.Wor.75 : Smeht.
- (1315) in Sundby Dial.Wor.75 : Smyht.
- (1321-2) in Sundby Dial.Wor.75 : Smhyt.
- (1365) in Sundby Dial.Wor.78 : Le Smeyt.
- (1445) Cart.Oseney in OHS 97128 : Iohannes Smyth alias Corveser.
- (1463-4) in Sundby Dial.Wor.78 : Smytht.
g
- (1157) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)281 : Smetheton.
- (1170-83) EPNSoc.29 (Der.)658 : Smiddesbi.
- (c1180) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)69 : Smidhesdala.
- (1200) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)211 : Smedeton.
- (1228) EPNSoc.29 (Der.)658 : Smytesby.
- (1243) EPNSoc.29 (Der.)658 : Smidheby.
- (1285) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)211 : Smiton parva.
- (1331) EPNSoc.45 (Ches.)275 : Smethewyk.
- (1354) EPNSoc.46 (Ches.)201 : Le Smythesrudyng.
- (1378) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)4.29 : [A building in the outer bailey called] le Smythouwes [needs repair in timber and tiles].
- (1409) EPNSoc.31 (West Riding Yks.)51 : Smeton.
- (1466) Liber Albus Oxf.77 : [The gate..is called] le Smythyat.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense (d)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. smiths' water.