Middle English Dictionary Entry
shọ̄ n.
Entry Info
Forms | shọ̄ n. Also shou(e, shogh, shouȝ, chouȝ, (late) shū, (K & SW) sso, (chiefly N & early) sco & (early) scoh, so, (gen.) sceos & (errors) shoeþ, swo; pl. shoes, etc. & shose, shoce, shoi(e)s & shon(e, shoen, shoin(e, shons, (SW) sson, (SEM) son & (early) sheos, sheon, sceos, sco(e)s. |
Etymology | OE scōh, scō, sceō; pl. scōs, sceōs, (dat.) sc(e)ōn, scōum, (gen.) sceōna. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Low-cut outerwear for the human foot, a shoe; ~ for bishopes, episcopal sandals; hosen and shoes [see also hose n.1.(c)]; louten in ~, of death: to lurk in one's shoe; (b) shoes icouped (decouped), shoes decorated with slashes in the leather; shoes open above; bokeled shoes; clouted shoes; heigh shoes, low boots; knopped shoes, shoes with tassels; long) piked shoes, long piked crakoued shoes, shoes with long, pointed toes [see also piked adj.(b)]; loue lased shoes; loue voided shoes, low-cut shoes; streit shoes, tight shoes; thonged shoes, laced shoes; wel-sitting shoes, well-fitting shoes; (c) in fig. and allusive expressions: go clouten thin ~, mind your own business; his ~ ful bitterli him wrang, something caused him irritation and mental pain; shapen a sori ~, to do an injury or disservice (to sb.); sheuen shoes, turn away, depart; treden her ~ amis, stray from the path of virtue; winnen shoes, prove oneself; etc.; (d) in proverbs; (e) in cpds.: ~ clout, a piece of material for patching a shoe; shoes-gavel, a tax paid to the city by shoemakers; ~ makere; ~ nail [OE scōh-nægel]; ?~ sak, a shoe bag; ~ sole; ~ thong [OE scōh-þwang], a thong to secure the shoe to the foot; boteu ~, a kind of low boot; child ~ makere, one who makes children's shoes.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)29/10 : Sume heo cuwen heora scos..for þære mycelan angsumnysse þæs haten hungres.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)131/1,4-5 : Forleas þa on þan færelde his ænne scoh, & oðerne mid him to his gebedhuse ham gebrohte..þa becom him to gemynde his oðer scoh, þæt he hine on þan færelde forleas; Clypode þa him to his þeign, & bebead him þæt he him his sco gefeccen scolde.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)249/3 : Ȝif se inra dæl þæs sceos byð fixenhyd & ȝif hit fotadl [read: fot-adl sy], smire mid ele þa fet.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)134/21 : Þu nelt habben yfel wif, ne yfel child..ne forþan yfele sceos.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10438 : Tiss dæþshildiȝ mann..Wass uss full wel, ȝa þurrh þe sho Ȝa þurrh þe þwang bitacnedd.
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)214/13 : I sumer ȝe habbeð leaue bearuot gan & sitten & lihte scheos werien.
- a1250 Mon may longe (Mdst A.13)29 : Þar deth luteth in his swo [vrr. scho, soo] to him for-do.
- a1275 Wolle ye i-heren (Trin-C B.14.39)41/78 : In worlde he ede wit-uten scoes.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)860 : Hauelok..Hauede neyþer hosen ne shon.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2781 : Moyses, moyses, do of ðin son.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6578 : Þat water..watte is sson.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judith 16.11 : Hir gaȝe shon [L Sandalia] rauesheden his eȝen.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3267 : Hir shoes were laced on hir legges hye.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.330 : I were nouȝt worthy..to were any clothes, Ne noyther sherte ne shone.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1770 : Hastily þat maiden meke Tok hose and shose and serk and breke.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)42b/b : Mulleus: a maner of shouȝ.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)447 : Schoo, for buschopys: Sandalium.
- a1450 *Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)398 : Be also wel war that thou haue no moor than the nedeth to hoson and to shoon and of other thynge that longeth to thy feet.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1059 : Loke þou blowe mekyl bost Wyth longe crakows on þi schos.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)148/446 : Take cowe tordes and old soles of shone and bren hem to powdyr.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3240 : I shall teche hym..to mend mytens, when they been to-tore, And aftir to cloute shoon.
- (1463-4) RParl.5.507a : Noo Marchaunt..bryng, sende, nor conveye..tawed Botes, Shoen, Galoches, or Corkes, [etc.].
- (1470-71) Stonor1.107 : A peyre of shoyn for Maister Edmund, vj d.
- a1475 Lord how (Brog 2.1)p.7 : My schowe byndys my lyttylle towe.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) Ctn.(Hrl 2261)497 : Mony abusions comme from Boemia into Englonde with this qwene, and specially schoone with longe pykes, insomoche that thei cowthe not go untylle that thei were tyede to theire legges.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)136/10 : Hys schoz barst and was toren.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)68/114 : Moyses..do of thy shoyes in fere.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.77 : He gaf ȝow hose and shoce in desert for pitee.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)185/6 : Me ne mei nawt wið uten swinc a lutel cote arearen, ne twa þwongede scheos [Nero: scheon] habbe wið ute bune.
- a1300 Leuedi sainte (Add 27909)42 : Inne mete & inne drinke ic habbe ibeo ouerdede, & inne wel sittende schon, in pruttere iwede.
- a1350 Of Rybaudȝ (Hrl 2253)27 : Hue boskeþ huem wyþ botouns, ase hit were a brude, wiþ lowe lacede shon of an hayfre hude.
- c1330 Degare (Auch)790 : He was iclothed wel ariȝt, His sschon icouped as a kniȝt.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.369 : Þey usede hiȝe schone unto þe kne, i-slitte to fore and i-laced wiþ þwonges.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.218 : Proude prestes come with hym..In paltokes & pyked shoes.
- 1408 WBible(2) (Frf 2)Mark 6.9 : Shoon open aboue [glossing Roy: sandalies].
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)843 : Shode he was with grete maistrie, With shoon decoped, and with laas.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)7258 : And high shoos, knopped with dagges, That frouncen lyke a quaile pipe, Or botis Reuelyng as a gype.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)143a/b : For to diffende þe sekenesse þat it falle not, þe pacient in alle þat he maye mute esschewen streite schone and he most haue large doubel hosen.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)11576 : A peyre of grete clowted schon.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)19223 : A peyre of olde knopped schoon, dowble clowted, on his feet were doon.
- a1450 The tixt of holy writ (Dgb 102)138 : She repreueþ my dagged cloþes And longe pyked crakowed shon.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)7.385 : Then pikede schons began to be usede, longe lokkes, and mony other abusions.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)227/69 : Off ffyne cordewan, A goodly peyre of long pekyd schon.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)279 : He..hadde on lowe voyded shoon and blak hosyn.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)299 : Nou han þei bucled schon, for bleynynge of her heles.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)424 : Y wente..& seiȝ a sely man..Wiþ his knopped schon, clouted full þykke.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)735 : Somme of hem walkeþ Wiþ cloutede schon & cloþes ful feble.
c
- 1370-2 I am by-wylt (ShropRRC Deed 16329)28 : Y was truwe to hire..now heo haþ schouuet me hire schon & from me ys y-gon.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.3.11 : He..is strenger than Y, whos shon Y am not worthi to bere.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.253 : For thogh a wydwe hadde noght a sho, So plesant was his In principio Yet wolde he haue a ferthyng er he wente.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.492 : He sat ful ofte and song Whan that his shoo [vr. shogh] ful bitterly hym wrong.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.708 : The clerk whan he is old..may noght do Of Venus werkes worth his olde sho.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12823 : O quam i am noght worthe to Lese þe thuanges of his sco [Göt: scho].
- a1400 Preste ne monke (Cleo B.2)101 : For lesse þen a payre of shone He wyl assoil him, clene & sone.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)16696 : He turned his stede to him..He thoght on him to wynne his schone.
- (?c1425) Hoccl.Jonathas (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)66 : No womman wole to thee ward maligne, But swich oon as hath trode hir shoo amis.
- c1440 Thos.Ercel.(Thrn)12 : It es an harde thyng for to saye, Of doghety dedis..And how þat þir knyghtis hase wonne þair schone.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)37.106 : They fownden there..A man..As blak As Ony Scho.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1448 : I forsake ȝou, synnys..Ȝe schapyn to man a sory scho.
- c1450 When the son (Frf 16)169 : I myght speke..Of xl yer maydens that neuer tred her sho amys, Prestys prechyng ful of holynes.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)796 : Now Sent Gabryellys modyr saue þe cloþes of þi schon! All þe bokys in þe worlde..Kowde not a cownselde ws bett.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)33/353 : Yei, noe, go cloute thi shone, the better will thai last.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)196/50 : I am not worthy for to lawse The leste thwong that longys to his shoyne.
- c1500 The shype ax (Ashm 61)182 : It is not worthe an old scho.
d
- ?c1335 Heil seint Michel (Hrl 913)p.156 : Ofte mistrediþ ȝe ȝur schone, ȝur fete beþ ful tendre.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)220/23 : Zuiche fourme ase þe sso takþ ate ginnynge, he halt euremor ine þet stat.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.356 : Upon the hond to were a Schoo And sette upon the fot a Glove Acordeth noght to the behove Of resonable mannes us.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4306 : To sen a man..leve that a man schal do, It is as Hose above the Scho, To man which oghte noght ben used.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1553 : But I woot best where wryngeth me my sho.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)61a/b : To þe maner of yuel shapers which after þe prouerbe shoeþ al men with o fourme of shoeþ [?read: shoeȝ; L calcei].
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Cock (Hrl 2255)8 : An old proverbe groundid on sapience, Alle goo we stille, the Cok hath lowe shoon.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)200/3 : For a child wole euer-more holde his first forme and wone, as doþ a scho.
- c1450 Ryl.Prov.& R.(Ryl Lat 394)94 : When þe foote warmes, þan þe sho harmys.
e
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10412 : Þa shollde an oþerr cumenn forþ Off all þatt illke maȝȝþe, & shollde unnbindenn þin shoþwang.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)137 : Ich nam noht ne forðen wurðe þat ich un-cnutte his sho þuong.
- (1381) RParl.3.112b : Johannes Stotesbury, Childe-shomakere.
- (1382) Invent.Jarrow in Sur.Soc.2971 : Camera..cc bragys, c spykyns, c schonaill, c brodnayl.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.395 : Nero..usede scho soles of silver.
- (1396-7) in Gras Eng.Cust.Syst.441 : Navis Gert Scomaker applicans ibidem xxi die Julii anno supradicto.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.80 : Euerych sowtere þat makeþ shon of newe reþeres leþer shal bote..twey pans in name of shongable.
- (1400) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)7.73 : [Baron had a] ?shoosakkys [and a wallet].
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)184a/b : Take þe iuse off calcidarum ane ounce..pouder of beene brent, off olde scho soles brente, [etc.].
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)447 : Schoo clowt: Lanipedium vel linipedium.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)164/21 : Seneca tellis of a philosophur..þat boght a payr of shone on a tyme of a sho-maker.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)70.54 (v.2:p.42) : Whan he came into the cytee and sey oon sitten and refresshen olde shoon, he toke his shoo to amenden ..; quoth this shoomaker .. [etc.]
- (1465) Act Ripon in Sur.Soc.64159 : ij paria caligarum, j par de buttwe shon.
- (1473-4) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1.p.xciv : The wardeyns of the shomakers toke from hym the said shoes.
- a1500 MSerm.Mol.(Adv 19.3.1)83 : All pepull..schuld pray for all the olde schu solys that ben rostyd in the kyngus dysche.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)1274 : Ye do me wrong..to put..& set hym among Theym that loue hym nat..As hit were a castaway or a shoo clowte.
2.
(a) An iron shoe for a horse or other beast of burden, a horseshoe; also, some kind of leather shoe for a camel; hors ~, q.v.; (b) = plough ~ [see plough n.1c.(f)]; plough ~.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Fran.(1) (LdMisc 108)251 : Frere Asse..is i-harled here and þere and to file weorke i-do..And selde heo is i-coureyd wel, with-ovte nail an scho.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.127 : He made..þe mule..for to be schodde uppon wiþ gold, forbedyng al his men þat when þe schone fel awey þat non schulde gadre þaym up.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)65a/b : It is I-seide þat þe feet of þe camel haue moche fleisch..and þerfore men maken to þe camel stronge schoon of lethir when he schal travaile to kepe hem fro ache & sore hurtinge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)275a/b : Þe camele..is clouefooted & haþ felles in þe cliftes..and þilke cliftes ben fleisshly..and þerfore men makeþ hem schoon leste here feet be hurte þat beþ tendre byneþe.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)447 : Schoo, for hors: Ferrus, babbatum.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)35a : He moote also ordeyne for cariage to þe oost, of charyettis, cartis, and waynes, for scho and nail.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)135/675 : Make a scho with hye kalkaynes..for þat is good for an hors þat his senwes biþ kit a too.
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)12a-b : He be shod with a scho wyth heyȝe caukyns and with large scho and caumbre.
b
- c1350 Of alle þe witti (Add 45896)37 : Þen putt y op my portours and passe to my ploutȝ..þer fynd i Ichend a chare and a chouȝ.
- (1382-3) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.100389 : Uno moldbredclote et 3 plushous.
3.
The iron edge of a wooden shovel-blade; also fig.; ~ almes, in fig. context: alms given as part of a penance for sin; ~ almes-dede.
Associated quotations
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)179/16 : A scauel, in þe heued beforn, hath a scho of yren scharp & myȝti.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)180/4 : Þis scho of recordyng þi synne muste be scharpe in schame of þi synne.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)190/16 : Scharpe þis scho almes-dede in forsakyng þi synne.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)190/23 : Þe scho almes in þe schouyll of þi satysfaccyoun is to dull, þat it schouelyth noȝt clene out þe crommes of þe wose of þi synne.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)233/13 : Þis spade muste be clennesse; þe scho þerof is clene thouȝtis.
4.
(a) In street names; (b) in surnames.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1200) in Ekwall Street-Names Lond.110 : Solande.
- (1271-2) in Ekwall Street-Names Lond.110 : [Houses in] Sholonde.
- (1279) in Ekwall Street-Names Lond.110 : Sholane.
- (1437) MSS Beverley in HMC111 : Schomarketlane.
b
- (1181) in Pipe R.Soc.30125 : Jordanus de Eueresho.
- (1185) in Pipe R.Soc.34234 : Willelmus Schobete.
- (1279) in Fransson Surn.132 : Sim. le Shobeggere.
- (1288) in Fransson Surn.144 : Will. Le Shosmith.
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 109 : Willmo Sosmyth.
- (1333) in Fransson Surn.132 : Walt. Shoubiggere.
- (1373) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms218 : Will. Scomaker.
- -?-(1307-9) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.9612 : Robertus Heghscho.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Adv.23.7.11 Artist.Recipes (Adv 23.7.11) 297/26 : Forto dye russet silke..take þe quantyte of a erwte sho-makeris blakke þat is called 'blacche', and a handefulle of barke of hoke, [etc.].
Note: New cpd.: ~ makeres blak.
Note: Glossary: [under blac(c)he, blakke n.]: 'green vitriol (iron sulphate)'...'the same material also termed souters ~, ~ of souteres, sowters ~, sho-makeris ~, "shoemaker's black"'."
Note: Cf. OED black, adj. and n., sense B. 1. c. 'Any of various preparations used by shoemakers, tanners, curriers, etc., for dyeing or staining leather black.