Middle English Dictionary Entry
sēsǒun n.
Entry Info
Forms | sēsǒun n. Also sesoune, -son(e, -sen, -sin, -sun(e, seasoune, -son(e, -sin, -sun, seisoun, -son(e, -sine, seosinne, cesoun, -son(e, -sun, ceason & (errors) sofou, selown, iesun. |
Etymology | OF saison, seson, seison, AF saisun, seisun; cp. AL seisona, -ina, saisuna, sesona. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) One of the four seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter) determined astronomically by the solstices and equinoxes; ~ of somer, somer (winter) ~; (b) a time of the year characterized by a particular sort of weather or by an astronomical feature; (c) a calendar month; also, the time of year in which a specific month occurs; ~ of mei (juli, decembre), mei ~; (d) a time of the year characterized by, or appropriate to, some activity; also, the time of the year in which a particular festival or holy day occurs; (e) a time of the year during which an animal or a fish is properly taken, hunting season; heigh ~ time; ben in ~; (f) a regimen established according to the season of the year; (g) ?a piece of arable land designated for planting or lying fallow at a certain season of the year.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.347 : After the sondry sesons [vr. sesenys] of the yeer So chaunged he his mete and his soper.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1014 : Ver his Seson hath begonne.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)prol.1 : In a somer sesoun [vrr. sesun, sesyn; C: seyson]..I shop me into a shroud.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.5.25 : Zephirus..bryngeth ayen in the first somer sesoun the leeves that..Boreas hath reft awey in autumpne.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)2 : In the..sesone of somere..softe bene the wedres.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2895 : Þis reuere..As wele in seson [Dub: seasun] of Somere as in þe sad wintre..so naytely..fresys.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)167/2 : Ye schall angle..yn somur seasen.
- a1475(c1450) Shirley SSecr.(Add 5467)245/3 : Of the foure seysons of the yere and theyre attemperance.
- c1475 Abbrev.Trip.SSecr.(UC 85)344/25 : Whiche ceasons ben diuided as here-aftir folowith..vere, somyr, autumpne, and wynter.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)72/29 : Off þe ffoure seysouns [Abbrev.Trip.: seasons] of þe ȝere.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1994 : Donge hillis in somyr stynk more then wynter seson.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1938 : Þe sesoun was semly; þe sunne schined faire.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.389 : Forth she walketh..Arrayed after the lusty seson soote.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2085 : Hit watz sone sesoun þat þe sunne ryses þat tyde.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)46/10 : If þer come an aile-storm or a coolde cesoun, þise greet fisches falle to þe grounde.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)12 : The lusty tyme and Ioly fressh Sesoun whan that Flora..The soyl hath clad in newe tendre grene.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)929 : Whan þe daies dimme ben, hit doþ hem to mourne, For siht of þe sesoun þat semus unbliþe.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)2427 : When the sonne is hottest and moost clere, About the forest in that sesoun Men dare nat walke.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)171/15 : The pyssemyre porueieth himself in somyr agains the hard and colde ceason.
c
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)24 : What for melodye þat þei made in þe mey sesoun, þat litel child..lorked out of his caue.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1043 : For May wol haue no slogardye anyght; The sesoun priketh euery gentil herte.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1343 : Was neuere brid gladder agayn the day Ne nyghtyngale in the sesoun of May.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1244 : This was..The colde frosty seson [vrr. seisoun; moneth] of Decembre.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.168 : Whan comen was the tyme Of Aperil..to the temple..ther wente..So many a lady fressh and mayden bright, Ful wel arayed..Ye, bothe for the seson and the feste.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)154 : For, outtaken..þe sesoun of Juli, And Hervest þat hastly aftyr him folweþ, Dredful dragonus drawen hem þiddire.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1161/2 : In May..every harte floryshyth..for, as the season ys lusty to beholde..so man and woman rejoysyth..of somer commynge.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)134 : August is a seson mery & glad.
d
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1418 : Þemperour erded stille in rome at þe ester tide, & for þat solempne sofou [read: sesoun] dede somoun alle þe grete of lordes & ladies.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)61 : Names of planetes so beþ yhote..By hem men han þe seysyne To londe, to watre, to corne, to wyne.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)523 : Sesounez schal yow never sese of sede ne of hervest.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)39 : I entred in þat erber grene In Augoste in a hyȝ seysoun Quen corne is coruen wyth crokez kene.
- a1425 PPl.C (Cmb Ff 5.35)7.112 : In cesoun of heruest-tyme [Hnt HM 137: som tyme in..heruest, Bote ich hadde wedir at my wil, ich wited god þe cause].
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.SSecr.(Sln 2464)1442 : Must..lastith tyl the sesoun of Seint Martyn.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)149/13 : Ye schall kytte betwene mychelmas and candulmas a feyr staf..of..vj fote long..In þe same seysen take a yarde of white hasil.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)62/9 : It longith..to shepparde to sher his shepe at one season [F saison] of the yere.
- a1500(a1449) Lydg.Haste (Cmb Kk.1.6)73 : Eche thyng is beeste take in his sesoun; Thend of Auguste disposeth his ventagys, Caneculer dayes bryng home venyson..Corn at hervest is brought home.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)45/24 : For to gedre the medcynes in tyme and seson due, thow sholdest have one þat is..konnyng in knowyng of the kyndes of spices.
- a1500(?a1450) Treat.Garden.(Trin-C O.9.38)132 : Percell..wul grow long and thykke And euer as he growyth þu schalt hym kytte; Þu may hym kytte by reson Þryes yn one seson.
e
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)24 : The Roo buk haþ no seson to be hunted, for þei bere no venyson..þei renne wel and lenger þan dothe a grete hert in þe hie seson tyme.
- c1425 Twiti Venery(1) (Vsp B.12)154 : The sesoun of the fox begynnyth at the natyuite of owre Lady & duryth til the Anunciacion, And the hare is alwey in seson to be chasyd.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)171/5 : The samond..ys in season from þe moneth of Marche vn-to mychelmas.
- (1473) RParl.6.93a : For any Graunte..of oon Hert, to be taken in season at his Herde of Thoryn, and ii Bukkes in season.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.288 : Fysch..may nout be takyn but in certeyn cesun [vr. tyme] of þe ȝer.
f
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1717 : In somer..Wedinsday & friday sal þai fast..What seson so scho putes þam to, With-outin groching sal þai do.
g
- (1393) Doc.Thaxted in Ess.ROP 3334 : [There were there the arable and several lands lying in three] seasons..[And the] seasons [are made at the will of the farmers. Firstly of the] season [of] North'felde [with] Worthe.
- (1393) Doc.Thaxted in Ess.ROP 3335 : [Of the] season [of] Asshefelde..[Of the] Season [of] Boxstede [with] Newefeld.
- (1393) Doc.Thaxted in Ess.ROP 3357 : [All the aforesaid customary tenants who have ploughs by themselves or jointly with the neighbourhood are to come for one day to each] season [and will plough with the lord for one meal].
2.
(a) The time of the year when a plant germinates or flowers or bears fruit, etc.; ripening time of fruit; (b) the time of the year when an animal is in heat, mating season; ben in ~, to be in rut; (c) the time of the year when an animal product is available or fit for consumption; of no ~, out of season; (d) fig. the period of one's prime; ben in ~, to flourish, be in one's prime.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1034 : Appollo..gouernour Of euery plaunte, herbe, tree, and flour..yeuest..To ech of hem his tyme and his sesoun.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22881 : Thoru his mighti will dos þat king Vte of þe herd tre to spring..And þan þe frut wit his sauur, Ilkin frut in his sesun.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4012 : Who tristith thee, he doth folye, To kepe Roses..Whanne thei ben faire in her sesouns.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)31/27 : In þat contree..men fynden longe Apples to selle, in hire cesoun.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.13 : What is to rere or doon..Plesaunce and fruyt the tilman forto bringe As seeson wol.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10184 : Among alle oþre trees he wroght Þat fruit in her sesoun forþ broght.
b
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)13 : The hares han no sesoun of her loue..for in euery month of the yere ne shal not be þat some ne be with kyndeles.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)22 : Þe hert gooþ rather to þe Rutte and is raþer in his seson agayne.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)24 : For þe bokeng of þe Roo buck ne haþ at doo but wiþ oo Emel of alle þe Seson.
c
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)8a : Ȝyf þe hors be olde..loke on all maner, if þat it be in þe seson, þat he haue mer milk.
- a1475 Sidrak & B.in Centaurus 12 (Lnsd 793)227/5603 : Þere cokles beþ ynne greet plente..But þo þat ben of no sesoun..stinken þanne ful grevously To any manis taast.
d
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4981 : As longe as youthe is in sesoun, They dwellen in oon mansioun.
- a1500 Maist thou now (Hrl 116)5 : Shorte is thy sesoun here, thogh thou go gay.
3.
A formal assembly held by a sovereign; holden (kepen) ~, to hold court.
Associated quotations
- c1425(?a1400) Arthur (Lngl 55)137 : Arthour wolde..Hold a fest..And sende Messanger To kynges..to come to þis Dyner, And..They..kept þeire Ceson At þe Castell Carlyon.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)2157 : Sir Torent dwellid thare Fourty days..Season for to hold.
4.
(a) A period of time, a while; in) that ~, during that period of time; in the mene sesoun(es, in the meantime; trouble ~, a time of trouble; enduren ~, to undergo a term of pregnancy; taken youre ~, take your time, take your leisure; wasten ~, waste time; (b) a particular point of time marked by certain circumstances; also, a particular time in the course of the night; (c) a proper time, suitable occasion; an opportunity; appointed time; in ~, at the proper time; also, quickly, promptly; oute of ~, untimely, not to be done; ben (comen) in ~, to be opportune, come opportunely; ben sesounes to, be time for (supper); maken ~, take occasion (to do sth.); sen ~, see one's chance, have opportunity; (d) a case, circumstance; (e) in selected phrases: ani ~, on any occasion; at diverse sesounes, bi sesounes, bi ~ sere, at different times, from time to time; at som ~, sometime; in a (on) ~, on one occasion; in ilke ~, each time, every time; in swich ~, at such a time; in) that sesoun(es, at that time, then; in) this ~, at this time, now; mani a ~, many a time; the ~, at the time; (f) in proverbs.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3509 : God was þe werld in þat sesun.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)5419 : He..amended þe nedi in þaire state þe quilest ham lasted þat sesoun [Vsp: iesun; Göt: sesune] dere.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)903 : Þus was Syr Ywayne sted þat sesowne.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)341 : For, though your love laste a seson, Wayte upon the conclusyon.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)10858 : With in two ȝeres sesoun [vr. seasone] An aȝary heyȝt hym wrang.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)53/1553 : Thou hast fulle many a sesoun On whych doon me endewre gret heuynes.
- (1466) Paston (EETS)1.333 : Youre fadere..in hys trobyll seson set more by hys wrytyngys and evydens than he dede by any of his moveabell godys.
- (1474) Let.Christ Ch.in Camd.n.s.1927 : Yf eny other thynge come to your mynde in the mene season..plese it yow to sende worde to Assheford.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)247/5 : Neuerthelesse to thentent your ceason be nat wasted..I haue ordeyned your resons to be writen.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)271 : So went she fourth hyr seosynne to endure, Till..The tyme was come of hir delyueraunce.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)5825 : Goo now on and take your seasone..ffor all is well.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1240 : In the meene sesons, take it a perfite swete.
- a1500 Hisp.SSecr.(Rwl C.83)4/6 : When þu commist fro thy chambre, walke temperatly a competent season bifore thou put thy self to any oþir occupacion.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2819 : Þe cok..Þe mydnyȝt hour with his vois..clere Be-gan to sowne..To warnen hem..Of þe tydes and sesoun of þe nyȝt.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)187/10 : Freendes, the ceason [CQ(2): this tyme] is right merueilous, nor we wote nat hou all present thinges shall falle and turne.
c
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)29366 : Als suith as he mai sesun se And wend to rome at soilled be.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)5242 : Þe kyng ofsent erles and barouns, Forto sopere it was seysouns.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)7.184 : Suche werkus with ous were neuere out of seson.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Eccl.8.6 : Tyme and cesoun [WB(1): couenablenesse; L opportunitas] is to ech werk.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1273 : No, Good Aungyl, þou art not in sesun; Fewe men in þe feyth þey fynde.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)3962 : Be þis was vi days comyn and gone; þe seuynt day was þer seson sett.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)132 : To Chirch þen was seson To pas & to wend.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)721 : His wordis been so comfortabill & comyth so in seson, That my wit is ovir-com.
- (1461) Paston (EETS)1.98 : I wold haue þe seyd dedis..left secretly at Richard Thornis hows..þat whan I com homwar I mygh..mak seson and stat to be take whil I wer there.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1121/36 : He thought that tyme was beste seson to take the quene.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)120 : The kynges ordinarie charges mey alway be paid in hande, and the pro vision ffor hem mey alway be made in seson.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)157/12 : Whan he seith his season [F temps] and his hour, than will he laughe upon him that he caste to deceyue.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1421 : Men shalle se The holy crosse honouryde both day & nyght..which may be do in welle good seson.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)57 : Nowe by and sell in seasone, & lok þat ye haue trewe men to hire your bargon.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)339 : On a season isett, assembled they boþe.
d
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)122 : It nedith not to considre or to purvey, but only ffor the kynges house..as it shalbe thought aftir the seasons most expedient.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.947 : Ride on his right hande if he haue a spere; There is thavantage as for þat season.
e
- a1400-a1500 Rich.(b-version:Brunner)189/8 : He sayde: 'Nay, not in þat sesouns [vr. in swylk sesoun].'
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)4265 : He says al soth in þis sesowne.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2829 : Fast sho spird in ylk sesown Efter þe knight with þe lioun.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Leg.Suppl.Hrl.(Hrl 4196)149/271 : A preste..used..Vnto þe bathes oft forto gang; When he come þore, in ilk selown [read: sesown] A man he fand ay redy-bown To serue him.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)159/6 : It is made of a certyn wode..þat the flodes of paradys bryngen out at dyuerse cesouns [Man.(2): tymes].
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)260 : Þe preestis and þe oþere seid persoones kepe and vse þo ȝouun to him þingis into certeyn deedis to be doon in þe chirche daili or bi cesouns.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)221/42 : We seke for youre socoure þis sesoune.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)401/101 : Both sonne and mone þat sesonne schall lak of þer light.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)881 : Sone eftir in a seson..Come driuand fra Darius..Heraudis on heȝe hors.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14407 : Þei satt in þat sessown [vr. seasowne], syghand sex days with sorow sare.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)16459 : Who lykes to lere..Of a rych kyng..and of his wyfes, for he had two; Both were þei qwenys by seson sere.
- (1467) Paston2.567 : Hys barbour..shaved hym the sayd season and tyme.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)391/30 : Hit may happyn I may do you servyse at som season.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)730 : For that sesons he dredithe no subtile wyle.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)111/1 : The Kyng of Englond..went vpon them with ij hostis on ij partyes of the realme at one season, with so grette hostis that it semed all shulde be ouirthrowen at one stroke.
- -?-(1467) Will in Som.RS 16196 : My will is that such folkes..that I have hadd money or any other goode of, by constraynt ayen their will..as my comyng home fro yorke felde, or any other season or tyme, be recompensid therefore.
f
- a1450(1414) Whanne alle a kyngdom (Dgb 102)79 : To chastyse fooles is ay in seson.
- (1457) Paston2.170 : A peny yn seson spent wille safe a pounde.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.2817 : Suffisaunce in season woll longest endure.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)1713 : I am meeuyd of verray concience In othir contres to preche cristis lawe, I hope to yow it shal be non offence For a seson thouh I me withdrawe.
Note: New phrase for 4.