Middle English Dictionary Entry
scǒuren v.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | scǒuren v.(2) Also scour(e, skoure(n, schoure, score(n, skore, skur, (chiefly early) scure(n; sg.3 scoureth, etc. & scuret, (early) scured; p. scoured, etc. & skourd, (N) schurd; ppl. scoured, etc. & iscoured, (error) stourid. |
Etymology | Prob. MDu. schuren, scuren, MLG schüren; but also cp. ML scūrāre, AL scowrāre (vars. of L excūrāre, ML escūrāre) or OF escurer, scureir; & cp. OSwed. skūra. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To scour, polish; polish or scour (metal, a pot, etc.); furbish (armor); ?also, fig. of a day: be bright and clear [quot.: a1375]; ~ bright (clene, neue), make (sth.) bright (clean, new) by scouring or polishing; ~ on, scour (a plate), rub on; ppl. scoured, polished, scoured; (b) fig. to furbish spiritually; spiritually scour, cleanse, or furbish (oneself, sb., the soul, etc.); ~ from (of), scour (the soul, heart, one's conscience) of sin; (c) ?to wear (fetters) clean; ?have on (fetters); (d) to cleanse or scrub (entrails) by rubbing (with salt); scrub (whelks with water and salt); (e) to clean (clothing); (f) ppl. scouringe as adj., of medicine: able to cleanse a wound or sore of pus or other impurities; of food: able to cleanse the digestive system; (g) to clean out (a ditch, drain, privy); clear (a way); -- used fig.; ~ from, clear (a pit) of (sth.); -- used fig.; (h) to rid (a place of an enemy); (i) to scour away (rust, filth); also fig.; ~ awei; -- also without obj.; ~ oute, scour (sth.) out (of sth.); -- used fig.; (j) to get rid of (an enemy); (k) to rub (a horse); (l) to beat (sb.), whip; also fig.; maken ~, cause (sb.) to be beaten; also, ppl. scoured as adj.: whipped, beaten; (m) ?= scouren v.(1)(b).
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)147/17 : He is þi file þe misseið oðer misdeð þe..Nis hit or acurset þe iwurðeð swartre & ruhre se hit is ifilet mare? ant rusteð þe swiðere þet me hit scureð [Tit: scures; Cai: scured] hearde?
- a1375 Al oþer loue (Eton 36)4 : Al oþer loue is lych þe mone þat wext and wanet as flour in plein..as day þat scwret and endt in rein.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)196b/b : A markyng instrument of siluer..rousteþ..and takeþ his colour aȝein if it is y-scoured wiþ þe grauel, sonde, and salt.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)199a/b : Brasen vesselles ben soone reede and rousty but þay ben ofte scoured [L confricentur] wiþ sond.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)540 : Hir heer was as yelowe of hewe As ony basyn scoured newe.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)25 : Þan Skore a potte.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)45 : Þen take a Sawcere & skoure þe sydis & close þe cake.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)858 : Take any metal and scoure it bright.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)186 : Droppe hyt in aclene scoured bacyn.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)11/17 : She drowe oute of a donghill a plater of siluer..a voys to her..saide, 'score so long on this plate till ye haue hadde awey all the blacke spottis and make it white and clene.'
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)120/111 : Cosyn Elyzabeth, I xal..Abyde here now, tyl ȝe han childe, to wasche, skore, and swepe.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)109a : To Scowre [Monson: Score]..Erubiginare, limare, ob-, limpidare [Monson: limpidiare], polire.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)313 : Thei..scowred hauberkes and furbisshed swerdes and helmes.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25867 : To ending fir sal þou be send..Forqui þat þou was for-wit scriuen, Els..moght na clensing fire þi saul skur to make it schirre.
- a1425 Cursor (Glb E.9)28058 : Ilkman suld..scowre him so with his insight þat his conciens be clene and bright.
- a1450 12 PTrib.(3) (Bod 423)63/14 : As many as thou hast of tribulacions, so many hath God ordeyned the of fyles, forto scoure thin hert with.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)195 : Discipline..The fyle..bereth in hire mouht, it is vndernemynge of euele; She leueth no thing that she ne correcteth and skowreth [F escure] and forbisheth.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.5.4a : Swete teris..scourin & clensin þe herte fram al þe fulthe of synne.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.34.21b : Him bihouiþ first ben y-scourid and clensed bi swilk a fir of conpuncion for alle þe grete synnes bi forn don.
- c1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Tbr A.7)22605 : Off my ffyle to termyne, It is I-called Dyscyplyne..There-with I scoure in euery syde That ther may no ruste abyde Nowther ffylthe ffor noon offence.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Test.(Hrl 218)513 : Skoure that place [the soul] from all gostly fylthe.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)93/1 : Þys tyme of Lenton ys ordeynt only to scowre and to clanse your concyens of all maner roust and fulþe of synne.
c
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)641 : Haue ȝe ben in presun?..Me semyth ȝe haue scoryde a peyr of fetters.
d
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)57.61/1 : Nym woelkes & scure heom wel wyþ water & salt.
- c1400 Sln.468 Cook.Recipes (Sln 468)85.12/2 : Chauden: Tak þe issu of þe swan & wasch it wel, & scoure þe guttes..with salt.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.9 : Take, wasshe þo isues of swannes anon And skoure þo guttus with salt ichon.
e
- (1467-8) RParl.5.630a : That noon persone..put to sale eny of the seid Clothes..not clene scowred or full dried.
f
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)592/33-35,593/3 : In eny wounde or vlcered place or brused or altered in þe whiche is quytter or filþe, it is to vse mundificatifs, i. clensynge medecynes, scourynge medecynes [*Ch.(1): abstersiuez; L abstersiuis], and wasshyng medecynes; Þerfore, a clensyng medecyne is as it were a kynde to a scourynge medecyne and to wasshynge out..A clensyng medecyne, forsothe, and scourynge is þat þat departeþ the filþes and þe quitter fro þe place in þe whiche þai be, and it ledeþ ham oute to þe vttre egge.
- a1475 *Hrl.Diseases Hawk A (Hrl 2340)29b : Yf it So be þat it be grene, it is Sygne..þat þe panell is not clene..& lat hyr mete be A chekyn, for þat is þe clennest mete for a hawke þat schall flye & most scowryng.
g
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.754 : For the canel skoured was so clene..Þat no man myȝt espien..By what engyn þe filþes..Wern born a-wey by cours of þe ryuer.
- (1442) Let.Bekynton in RS 56.2189 : They..have..skured and pared the diches.
- ?a1450 Ion Clerke of (Stan 3)p.233 : Sythyn Jon..ys my lordys hyne, Hyt ys no wonder thow he scour the gonge.
- (?a1450) Oath Bk.Colchester3 : Also, of all diks not scored nor made clene, wherethorough the watyr overflowyth the hyth wey.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)2/22 : Whanne ȝoure pytt is scowryd clene fro þe watyr of curs & fro þe wose of dedly synnes, þe v watyrgatys..muste be stoppyd.
- c1450 Marion ABC (Arun 168)65 : But, goode lady..So scoure þe wayes þat be so full of drede, So scant, so scharpe; make þem to me in brede That I all easly may passe thoroughe them clere.
h
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)475 : Sent micheal..Lucifer first dune..broght..And schurd [Göt: skourd; Trin-C: scoured; Frf: clanset] þat curt o þam sa clene þat sithen þar sted was neuer sene.
i
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)450 : Scowryn [Win: Scoryn] a-wey ruste: Erugino, erubigino.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)96/29 : Þe seuene ȝiftes of þe Holy Gost..mowe delyuere vs of þe seuene dedly synnes, skoure hem out clene fro oure hertes.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)2.246 : For Ruste with Rust may nat scowrede be.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)2.401 : But wolde god..That..a flame of fyre Wolde downe discende..For to consume..The rusty fylthe that in my mouthe dothe flete And alle vnclennes..To make clene and to scowre awaye.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.IVMass (Trin-C R.3.21)332 : O lambe..Whos bloode downe raylyd on most pyteous wyse To scowre the rust of all my wykydnesse.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)4090 : Scowrith away al venym serpentyne And spottis blake callid originall, Bi grace causid which that is dyvyne, Renewyng men to be celestiall.
j
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)304 : Arthur shall neuer Iustise his barouns till that thei [Saxons] be well scowred [F foule].
k
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)7a : Do of hys sadil, and schoure [vr. scour] hym wel.
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)36b : Lat don arnyn [vr. chauffen] a blak hors or scouren him til þat he swete a-boute þe heued and a-bout þe brest.
l
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.670 : A philosophre..wolde haue beten his disciple..and broghte a yerde to scoure [vr. scourge] the child.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)Heb.12.6 : Oure Lord..chasteþ þilke þat he loueþ, & he scoureþ [L flagellat] eferych chyld þat he receyfeþ.
- (c1434) Drury Wks.(CmbAdd 2830)83/47 : Haddistu nouth to day a good stourid [read: scourid; L verberatum] ars?
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)450 : Scowryn [Win: Scoryn] wythe a baleys: Verbero, disciplino, scopo.
- a1450(a1400) Titus & V.(Add 36523)4590 : She toke it swithe sore to hert And made Judas scouren smert.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1536 : Þe nouices, whils þai er ȝing, Aw to be scorid for swilk a thing.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Test.(Hrl 218)624 : Of the yerd sumtyme I stood in awe, To be skowred [vr. scooryd], that was al my drede.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.1501 : This miste slowe hem and her bestes all..Ther was noo place they might yn be socoured, With the rodde of vengeaunce they were so scourid.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.336 : As ȝe sen þat whan þe fadir hat betyn his child with a ȝarde, he castyth þe ȝarde in þe feer, ryth so whan God hath chastysyd & scouryd his childryn be wyckyd men..þat ben Godis ȝarde..he schal castyn hem in þe feer of helle.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)100/6 : But þay myghte lere hym no-þing at all, wharfore þey bet him and skowryd hym greuously.
m
- a1500 Brut-1430 (Hrl 266:Kingsf.)305 : To skevre and to skoure [Glb:Kingsf.: to speke of the worshipfull Erle of the Marche and of his companye that the kynge comaundid to skure and to scomoure the se for his enemyes].
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 StJ-C.B.15 Artist.Recipes (StJ-C B.15) 213/11 : Tak a wel skored basyn, and wete it oueral with gleyre and lete it stonde in the sunne to drye.
Note: Additional quot., sense (a). New spelling (ppl.) skored.