Middle English Dictionary Entry
rọ̄ten v.(3)
Entry Info
Forms | rọ̄ten v.(3) Also rote, rute(n; p.ppl. roted, etc. & iroted, rotet, rote, (early) irotet. |
Etymology | From rọ̄te n.(4). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To put forth roots, take root; also fig.; (b) ben roted, to put forth roots, be rooted, be established; ppl. roted as adj., of a tree: established; (c) ben roted, to be filled or covered with roots; (d) ~ adoun, to cut (a tree) off at the roots; ~ awei, clear away (a plant) completely; ~ oute of the ground, tear (plants) out of the ground; ~ up, pull (a plant, tree) up by the roots. (e) ppl. roted, ?twisted, intertwined.
Associated quotations
a
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)55a/a : Radico: to rote.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)437 : Rotyn, or take rote, as treys and herbys: Radico.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)29.100 : Whanne this Braunch In the Erthe don was, Anon it wax & Roted be goddis gras.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)29/210 : Many brawnches they plauntid..and As sone As it was Set In the grownde, bothe it took & Roted with-Inne A stownde.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)1/9 : Yif a tree material sette shuld bringe forth good frute, it must first be deply rotyd.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)314 : To Rute: radicare.
- a1500 As I walkyd vppon (Cmb Ff.1.6)70 : Lord, sende me sum amor sede, In my gardyn to rote and ryse.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)670 : Then schall thyn seedes both roote & spyere..þt kendelye after þey may be seperate.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)168/3 : Þet..uirtue..makeþ þe herte strang..ase a traw yroted [Vices & V.(2): roted] ine guodland.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1319 : For ther was nevere rooted tre, That stod so faste in his degre.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.34/9 : Sothly they florysch now with lesse fruite..as it were a plante, whan yt is wele y-rotyd, the ofte wateryng of hym cesith.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)92 : We watteren plantis til þey han ben rotid, and þan we cesser to watter.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.210 : Whan it [tree] is wel rotyd..men cesyn of wattrynge.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)47 : Sowe your wyntur corne tymely so þat your lande may be sadid & your corne rotyd afore þt grete wyntur com.
c
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)163 : Atlai þat lond unwend and bicam waste and was roted oueral, and swo bicam wildernesse.
d
- ?c1335 Swet ihc hend (Hrl 913)p.82 : Þe ax is at þe rote; Þe fent vnfre halt al to gle Þis tre adun to rote.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.11 : I..dradde..to putte forþ my bareyn speche..as who so roteþ vp moolberyes and serueþ likerous men..wiþ soure grapes.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.445 : Þe treen..beeþ i-roted up [L exstirpari] in a litel while.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)139b/a : It..destroyeþ hiȝe treen and roteþ hem vp of þe grounde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)248a/a : Vnnethe þornes beth..y-rooted out of þe grounde withoute hook..or som oþer egge tool.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)254a/b : Vitulamen..schal be pulled, y-rased, and y-roted away lest it lette the growynge of fruyte of þe vyne.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)4b/b : Auello: to rote vp.
e
- a1500 Leg.Cross BC(1) (Wor F.172)219 : Euery yeer Kyng Dauid made a cercle or a garland of gold aboute the same tree of iii rooted into i and areised, that he myght knowe euery yeere how moche that holy tree griew.
2.
Fig.: (a) To settle, take root, become fixed; also, refl. settle oneself; (b) to cause (sb.) to settle; establish (sth.), fix; ppl. roted, established; (c) to implant (sth.); ~ in, implant (sin, love, etc.) in (sb., the heart, etc.); ppl. roted, rooted, deeply rooted, entrenched; (d) ben roted, to be begun, originate; also, of a gnat: be engendered; roted upon, caused by (sth.); (e) ben) roted in (on), ben roted upon, be) founded upon (sth.); ben roted in God, roted in Christ, be) rooted in God (Christ); (f) ~ in, to set (sb., the heart, soul) in (a practice, an opinion, etc.); refl. ~ on, turn oneself to (false living), indulge in; ben roted in, be set in (a vice, virtue, etc.), practice (sth.) habitually; (g) ~ oute, to root out (vices), eradicate; (h) ppl. roted, experienced, expert, skilled.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.24.16 : So in Sion I am fastned..And I rootede [vr.hadde roote; WB(2): rootid; L radicavi] in a puple wrshipid.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)10.78 : Dowel..saueþ þe soule, þat sunne haþ no miht..ne to Reste, ne to Rooten in þe herte.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)p.27 : Y haue rotid me in a worschipful puple.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)15.2 : Thai haf festid thaire hope in the land of heuen and rotid in luf.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 2250)10219 : No thyng may lykened be so wele to fir as sadde luff may, ffor þer-as sadly rotes he, As fir hit brennes in gode fay.
- a1500 Alex.-Cassamus (Cmb Ff.1.6)161 : Wan an herte yn loue trewly begynnyth to rote, He muste lerne to suffre many a tribulacioun.
b
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)2108 : Scheo did þen take faire Estrilde & Sabrin..& dide þem yn a water cast; ffor þeym þe name ys roted fast; Seuerne hit hight, for þe child Sabren.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)41.361 : In þis lond that lawe Roten welen we.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)1253 : Falshode euer is drive & put a-bak, Where trouþe is rotid [vr. rote] withoute doubilnes.
- ?a1450(1422) Lydg.SD (McC 182)56/6 : Towchynge þe þirde cause of distruccion of þe Cite, lucan likith to call hit..voluntarie, whiche is as mochell to seyne as cause rotid vpon wilfulnes withowte eny grownde fowndid vpon reson.
- (c1456) Pecock Faith (Trin-C B.14.45)116 : The stronge confeermyd oold custom which thei han, rootid bi longe tyme into the contrarie, wole make that these bokis at first schulen be unsavery, thouȝ aftirward thei schulen be ful delectable.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)22.3 : He gaf me lastynge in his biddyngis, and rotid me, and made me perfite in charite.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)21/28 : We will wy[th]stonde..the Perel whyle hit is comyn, are hit be rotyd [Dub: Iroted].
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)149/18 : For bostious, loude, and vnredy hadd grete nede to be y-rotid and y-kepete throgh wysmen and redy.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)26/13 : Þanne sseweþ hy þe kueades þet were y-hole and yroted ine þe herte.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.401 : It is hard to worche uppon þoughtes þat is i-roted in [Higd.(2): hade bene sawen þer; L inseritur] of longe tyme.
- a1400 Ihesu crist my lemmon (Hrl 2316)6 : Ihesu cryst..i ȝe bi-seke..ȝat al so faste in myn herte ȝi loue roted [Vrn(1): ficched] mute be, as was ȝe spere in-to ȝi side.
- c1400 *Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)290 : A man..by euel roted custum ibounde..in his ȝouþe myte not..be chaast.
- (a1415) Hoccl.York (Hnt HM 111)2 : Go, little pamfilet, and streight thee dresse Vn-to the noble rootid gentillesse Of the myghty Prince.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)10/15 : Whos lufe in hartis rotyd & made sekyr, vs makes lyke vnto hys lyknes.
- (1439) Proc.Privy C.5.393 : Þoo have be þe kynges capital enymyes whos roted enemyte & evylwyl to þe Kyng..shal nozt of lyklyhode cesse.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)830 : My deep rootid grief were remedied Souffissantly.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)15/35 : Slowthe is a vice which is rotyd in hym þt is vnlusty of him sylf to serue god.
- c1450 Treat.Perf.(Add 37790)255/29 : The flowynge in touchynge of god..rutys in vs discrecioun..and causes vs to consayfe withoute any faylynge alle the swete sauoure and the gyftys of god.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)41.207 (v.1:p.273) : For as moche as it is hard to leven and to putten awey olde roted customes, whan the Romayns were conuertid to the feith thei coude nat be induced .. redily to forsaken the rites of paynymrie.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)58/4 : Our lady prayeth þat thes revelaciones mote be roten in mennys hertes.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)114/35 : This desier is so roted [F enracine] and ioyned with nature of man that euery man is desierous to haue it.
- a1500 That pasaunte (Lamb 306)2 : That pasaunt Goodnes..Rotide is in youre femynete.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)147a/a : The gnatte..is I-gendrid or roted of corrupt vapoures of careyns and corrupt place of marreys.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)200b/b : Rust haþ þis proprete, þat infeccioun þerof comeþ aȝein by light occasioun to þe place in þe which it was ferst y-mored and roted [L radicatur].
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2562 : Of Cruel hate, rooted and begvnne And engendred, the story maketh mynde.
e
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)197/19 : Alle godes heastes, as sein gregoire seið, beoð i luue i rotet [Tit: rotet; Pep: sett].
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)107/24 : Wel is hit grat grace of god h[u]anne þe wyl is..yroted [Vices & V.(2): roted fast] ine god.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)230/25 : Þe flour of maydenhod ne heþ hede of þo þornes, uor hi is wel y-roted ine godes loue.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Col.2.7 : Therfore, as ȝe han takun Jhesu Crist oure Lord, walke ȝe in hym, ȝe rootid and byldid aboue in Crist.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1260 : Oure quarel..I-roted is vp-on sikernes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.973 : Þe pleyn entent of oure comynge hider..Had no grounde founded on resoun Nor cause roted on no titel of riȝt.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)42/31 : All vertew, if it treuly be callyd vertew, behouys with-out doute þat in charite it be rotyd [L radicetur].
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn:Horstmann)304 : Ofte by goddes lufers it falles þat gelelousely es in lufe ruted.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)21/12 : He floterith not in diuerse oppiniones, but abidith perfit in Jhesu Crist, groundid in charite and roted in feith.
f
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.118 : Þai þat..ben roted [F enracinez] in erþelich þinges shullen ben pulled vp by þe rotes & cast in to þe fyre to brenne.
- c1390 Bi west (Vrn)159 : Corteis knihthod and clergye..Are nou so Rooted in Ribaudye Þat oþur merþes lust hem not make.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)18b/b : Þe fend..hatte a boor for he is obstinat & rootid in schrewednes.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)3.55 : Al þe riche retynaunce þat roteþ [vr. rotede] hem on fals lyuynge Were bede to þat brudale.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)38/20 : Þei þat vse and ben rootid contynuely in þe vertu of discrecyoun worchen þe contrarye.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Possessioners (Corp-C 296)131 : Þes possessioners sclaundren cristis lif & ben out of feiþ, hope, & charite, & harde rotid in heresie.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)9 : Þoru contynuel lokynge and redynge..on þe blessid persoone Iesu Crist and on his liif, is þe soule rootid and groundid in pacience and in charite.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)1158 : Euer in stidfastnes Rote þin hert, and voide doublenes.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)44/4 : Þou hast liggen in synne & so many & so foule þou hast wrouȝte..& ȝit þou art in hem rotid þat þou ne myȝt hem leue.
- c1450 My ladyes (Frf 16)189 : Your hert ys roted in humylyte.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)16/12 : Þou art mekly rootid in religioun.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.13.8b : Be ȝe rotid and y-groundid in charite.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.326 : Whan he is..rotyd in pride..it is wol hard to lowyn hym or to amendyn hym.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.332 : Eld folc..ben wol hard to amendyn, þei arn so rotyd in synne.
g
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)5/33 : If men wolde yeue so gret diligence to rote oute [L exstirpanda] vices & to plante virtues as þei do to meve questions, þere wolde not be so muche wickednes in þe peple.
h
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)15/4 : He was noted þorwoute Itaile a fayr-spoke man and gretly roted in rethorik.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)45/31 : Many of hem, whan þei had be with him ȝeres and were roted in religion..went fro him in-to oþir cuntres.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)640/28 : Sir Malagryne was an olde rooted knyght, and he was called one of the daungerous knyghtes of the worlde.
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22)63 : Suche that were of Scipion and Lilius counceile were but..ignoraunt advocatz and pledours, yong men not roted ne expert in the law.
3.
Med. & physiol.: (a) ben roted, to be attached; ben roted in (to), be fastened in (to), have a base in; ben roted of, branch off from, grow out of; ful roted, deeply rooted; (b) ppl. roted, deep-seated, established, chronic; (c) ppl. roted, having a root.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.13.11 : Þe most oolde lepre hit shal be demed & folrooted [vr. fulle rootid; WB(2): growun; L inolita] to þe skyn.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)46a/b : Þe..teeþ..ben I-mored & rooted [L radicati] in þe iawes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)52b/a : Soche postumes, whanne þey ben I-rooted & I-piȝt in þe side..ben cause of wel fore ache and brennynge.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)66a/a : Þes veines ben roted off þe substaunce of þe liuer..so þat of Sima, þe whiche is þe concauite off þe liuer, þer groweþ a grete veyne þe whiche is cleped porta, of þe whiche..alle þe veines þat ben cleped miseraice growen oute.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)73a/b : Þe bone þat is cleped os laude..is roted in þe wesaunte.
- ?a1450 Mem.Cred.(Tan 201)195/11 : As a sikenesse ar it be rotyd be y helyd, so temptacion in þe by gynnyng may lyȝtly be withstonde and ouercome.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)38b/b : Manye miseraike veynes beþ rotid in him, þe whiche drawen awey fro him al foul filþe & corrupcioun.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)33b/20 : Þe nayle is helyd..with A grene colory..And if it be rutid and festenyd, first do away all þou myght; after þat hele it with þe forsaid colery.
b
- (?a1390) Daniel *Herbal (Add 27329)f.229vb : Gootes muk & namely of þe mountes .. heleth wel .. þe allopice & lepre not ful roted & scabbe & impetigo.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)95a/b : Þe firste maner dropesies beþ curable ar þey be confermed & I-rotid [L ante confirmationem].
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)383/18 : The leper..is of heritage and contagiouse, i. smyttynge, namely þat þat is confermede, i. rotede [L impossibilis eradicationis].
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)383/30 : In the curacioun..of þe lepre, the doctoures purposen..to cura ham þat ben lepres in dede when þat it is entrede or gone yn but noght rooted [*Ch.(1): confermed; L confirmata].
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)385/27 : The blode laste of þe grete veynes acordeth in no wise in þe lepre þat is rotede.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)27b/15 : By gyn..þi cur of an hote postume with lettyng blode..in þe syde contrary at begynnyng or þe postume be rotide [L ante confirmationem apostematis]; When he is holde and rotide, let hym blode in þe same syde þer as is þe postume.
c
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)118b/a : Wartez..ar litel pustulez hard..& rounde..Som ar claualez, not inscised, but heueded & ruted to þe maner of a clauel, i. nayle.