Middle English Dictionary Entry
rēven v.
Entry Info
Forms | rēven v. Also rev(e, ref(e(n, reffe(n, reave(n, reif(e, raive(n, revien, (Orm.) rǣfenn, (early) reawen, (early SW or SWM) reavi(n, reavie, reaf. Forms: sg.3 rēveth, etc. & rēvit, (error) reneth; pl. rēven etc. & (error) rene; sbj. rēve, etc. & (Orm.) rǣfe; sg.impv. rēve, etc. & (early SEM) reave, (early SWM) reavi(e, reaf; p. rēved(e, rē̆ft(e, ref, rā̆ft(e & (early) rǣvede, (early SWM) rēfde, reafde & (errors) reste, raff; pl. rēveden, etc. & raufe, (early SWM) rǣfden; ppl. rēved, etc. & irēved, rēvet, rēveid, irēfed, rēwede, i)rē̆ft, refte, refd, ireaved, i)rā̆ft, rafte, rafth, rāved & (Orm.) rǣfedd, (early SWM) irǣved & (errors) renyd, ireyned, rast, ireaueð. |
Etymology | OE rēafian |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. bireven v.
1.
(a) To rob, plunder; also fig.; ~ and (ne) stelen, stelen and (ne) ~; robben and (or) ~; (b) to plunder (a land, town, the church, etc.), rifle (a house); rob (sb.), despoil; also fig.; robben and ~.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4467 : Þe sefennde wass..Þatt tu þe loke wel þatt tu Ne stele nohht ne ræfe.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)31 : Þe mon wile gan to scrifte and segge þe preoste þet he haueð ireaueð [read: ireaued] and istolen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5279 : Heo rupten, heo ræfden [Otho: refden], noht heo ne bi-læfden.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)67/30 : Ne sleih, ne ne stell, ne reaue.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.420 : To Ierusalem þai com ful ȝore To rob & reue wiþ pride.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.8.4 : Clep his name haste þou spoilis to tac awei, heeȝe þou to reuen [L praedari].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.297 : Þe men of þat lond..gladliche woleþ robbe and reue.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)176b/a : Þe men..ben stedfast in herte to stele and to reue.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6477 : Lok þat þou ne reue ne stele.
- a1425 Cursor (Glb E.9)29340 : Cursed..Er þai þat..robbes or reues on ani side.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)431 : Revyn, or spoylyn: Spolio, rapio.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)231/30 : Þou þat vsis to rob & refe with a grete navie of schuppis erte callid ane Emperour.
- c1450 Form Excom.(3) (Dc 60)105/21 : We accorsen..robbers þat ayen þe pes of þe king robben And reven.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)58/74 : Thou shall..nather go to stele ne reue.
- a1500 Lex is layde (Roy 7.A.6)13 : Fraus is fykyll as a fox, & reuys in þis lande.
b
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1135 : Æuricman sone ræuede oþer þe mihte.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Þa ræueden hi & brendon alle the tunes.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1140 : He reuede þe landes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)563 : Vtlaȝen hefden i-ræued [Otho: irefed] þat lond.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2015 : Elc mon ræuede oðer þeah hit weren his broðer.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)148/9 : Twa þinges beoð þet godd haueð edhalden to him seoluen, þet beoð wurðschipe & wrake..Hwa se eauer on him seolf takeð owðer of þeos twa he robbeð godd & reaueð [Tit: reaues; Cai: reaweð].
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)148/11 : Deale art tu se wrað wið mon..þet tu wult, forte wreoke þe, reauin [Nero: reauen; Cleo: reaue; Cai: reawen] godd mid strengðe?
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)246 : Ef þer comeþ eni man Biþinne þilke barbecan..He wule him boþe bete & reue.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2802 : Ge sulen..reuen egipte ðat is nu prud.
- a1325 SLeg.Devil Serv.(Corp-C 145)247 : Is men he hadde in eche side to robbi and to reue Alle þulke þat þere uorþ come.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.50.11 : Ȝee ful out ioȝen & grete thingis speken, reuynge [vr. reuende] awei [WB(2): rauyschen; L diripientes] myn eritage.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.758 : Temporel goodes of bonde folk ben the goodes of hir lordshipes, ye, that is for to vnderstonde, the goodes of the Emperour to deffenden hem in hir right but nat to robben hem ne reuen hem.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) John & Boy (Phys-E)p.113 : He..reft lele men in wode schawes.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)67/824 : Al my londes ben robbed and reued.
- (1402) Topias (Dgb 41)p.77 : Sith entride envie, and renyd [read: reuyd] hath oure houses.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2253 : My landes haves he robbed and reft.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4351 : Love is of so hard assay, That all at oonys he reved me [F m'a..tolu], Whanne I wende best aboven to have be.
- a1425 Assump.Virg.(1) (Add 10036)115/168 : Sone, for þyn hye name, Schelde my bodi fro payne and schame, That þe deuel haue no myȝt To reyue þee, hit were no ryȝt.
- a1450 PPl.B (Bod 814)20.62 : Robbid and reued [Ld: folis were wel leuer to deye þan to lyue..sith [leute] was so rebuked].
- ?a1450 Sel.Rosarium Theol.(Cai 354/581)77/6 : Wo to þam þat..schulde reue faderlez childere.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4826 : Þe bischope..prayde him..forsake his paynym lawe..And haly kirke noȝt reue.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)156/147 : Iff they raue or waxyn wood I xal hem reve.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)223/28 : They noryce and susteyne a nest of othir smale theeuys for to robbe and reue the comon peeple.
- a1500(c1465) SEChron.(Lamb 306)23 : The Kynge off Scottes..robbed and revid the contre aboute Derham.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)105 : He made pees..Yf a man were chargyd wyth golde, He schulde fynde no robber hym to reeve.
2.
(a) To seize (sth.), snatch, make off with; take (sth.) by violence; usurp (a kingdom); of a bird of prey: kill and carry off (its food); ~ awei; ppl. reved as noun: stolen goods; (b) ~ of (from), to seize (sth.) from (sb., a place) by force, steal; pull (wool) from (sheep); ~ on, prevent (sb.) from (fulfilling an intention); (c) to remove (sth.), take off; take away (a mental faculty, a mental or emotional state, a disease, etc.), remove, get rid of; ~ awei; ~ from, separate (sb. or sth.) from (sb.), banish; (d) to take away (sb.); also, carry off (a soul), carry off (sb.), kidnap; ~ awei, carry off (sb.) to heaven; (e) to abduct (a woman); take away (another's wife); steal (someone's affections); ~ awei; (f) to take over (a task, an appointment).
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5241 : Vt-laȝen..habbeoð ..iræued al þat gærsume.
- c1300 SLeg.(Hrl 2277)469/159 : He maked pays among þe stronge men þat hi noþing ne reuede.
- ?c1350 Why werre (Peterh 104)p.32 : Thus hath covetise benome hem..Wan thei have al i-reyned [read: i-reyued].
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1824 : I wol..waite ȝif any weiȝh comes..fro chepinge or feyre, þat beris out him a-boute bred oþer drinke, &..wol it reue.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 16.8 : Þou hast reued þe kyngdam for hym.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.20.5 : Alle þe tresores of þe king..I shal ȝyuen in þe hond of þe enemys of hem & þei shul reuen [L diripient] hem.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.50.37 : Swerd to his tresores for þei shul ben reued awei [WB(2): rauyschid].
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2015 : Yet saugh I..The tiraunt with the praye by force yraft [vr. rast].
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)8058 : Aboute þe body a rope þey wonde, And to þe bere fast þey bonde..At þat nyȝt was hyt nat refte.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1962 : Ete o na best o kind vn-clene..Na o fouxul þat refes his liuelade.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28387 : I ha boght and tane of gyft Both o reueyd and o thyft.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)34/18 : Þat þai bifore reued þan most þai tyne.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.5.27 : Zephirus..bryngeth ayen in the first somer sesoun the leeves that the wynd that hyghte Boreas hath reft awey in autumpne.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)281 : Ȝete salle þe riche Romaynes with ȝow bene ouer-ronnene, And alle þe rownde tabille þaire rentis be reuede [vr. reuet].
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)89/144 : In thre maners þe devell has power to be in a man..On another maner: revande [vrr. reueande, reeffand] þe godes whilk þai have of grace.
- a1450(1419) Loke how Flaundres (Dgb 102)58 : Flaundres..Now is..wrappid in wo, and moche welþe raft.
- a1450(1419) Loke how Flaundres (Dgb 102)62 : He les his lordshipe and here fraunchise raft.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)302 : For to hauke..have we no leve..Ne to faren in þe feld and fonde..For to refe þe brod of briddus of hevene.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)220/6 : Þe husband fro hys wife, and þe wife fro hur husband, not alonelie tuke meate oute of þer handis, bod also þai wold refe it furth of þer mowthis.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)2648 : All his webb þat he weues, A puft of wynde away reues.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)84/4 : The kyngdom of heuen must be wonne with such a violent strengthe for al violent ouercomeris of hem self revin it.
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)28 : He had rafte owt of hys honde Thre c poundys worth be yere of londe.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)11/2 : Detractio hatte an oðer senne, ðe reaueð godes luue of mannes hierte.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4541 : Þis kinges þus ladde her liue Wiþ þat þai miȝt reue and robbe Of Sarrazins.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3291 : He golden apples rafte of the dragoun.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)87/412 : Where trowest þou he schal be cast þat haþ reued oþer mennes from hem?
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.803 : Sacrilege is to reuen holy thyng fro holy place.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.888 : Of which mayde anoon..By verray force he rafte hir maydenhed.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2264 : A peyne y suffre hard..For a cloþe þat y refte ones Of a poure man.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)16.89 : Pieres..þat o pile he lauȝte And hitte after hym..Filius..and frenesse of spiritus sancti, To go robbe þat raggeman and reue þe fruit fro hym.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1431 : He..comaundes hym..fech forþe vessel þat his fader broȝt..and of kyrk rafte.
- c1410 Chaucer CT.Mel.(Hrl 7334)B.2190 : Oure lord it sent vnto me, Oure lord it haþ raft [vr. taken] fro me.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)3434 : Sho findes nane Þat dar þe batail undertane..for hir forto fyght Forto reve fra me my right.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.21 : Siche children of þe fend..han more bisynes to spuyle fro men þer worldely goodis, as boþe þornes and bryres reven fro sheepe þer wolle.
- c1440(a1349) Rolle Bee (Thrn)55/21 : Swa sulde we do agaynes devells þat afforces tham to reve fra us þe hony of poure lyfe and of grace.
- (c1447) Invent.Monk-Wear.in Sur.Soc.29241 : He and his felows..raufe fra yaim a siluerd mabilyn.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)37/12 : Greet dishonour he dide to a kyng..þat wiþ maystry and strengþe his coroun fro hym refte.
- c1450 NPass.(Cmb Ii.4.9)40/402 : Wyth the wyl I take þe dede; Schal no man rewe on me þat rede.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)48 : To reue ani þing fro a frend is þeft.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)prol.4 : Thare in is discryued the medes of goed men..Alswa what synne reues fra mannys saule.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)1031 : What was it þat Adam from God refte?
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)240/251 : No man shall reave my sheepe from me.
c
- ?a1300 Thrush & N.(Dgb 86)154 : Fowel, þou rewest al mi þohut.
- a1350 Middelerd for mon (Hrl 2253)28 : Is rest is reued wiþ þe reode.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)10/268 : He þat ȝif so large water Þe fend fram ous te reaue, In nede for to cristny men Ȝef alle men ileaue.
- a1350(?c1280) SLeg.Prol.CV (Ashm 43)2 : Of Joie & blisse is al song..to herie him among þt al our sorwe schal reue.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.376 : They gonnen fro the tormentours to reue..The false feith, to trowe in god allone.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)487 : Þou art sette my solace to reue.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)2002 : Þe dede fra a man his mynd reves.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6254 : The clothing yeveth ne reveth nought.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)68b : Drynkyn in wyne hit revith þe flux of þe womanys shappe and þe wombe.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2)664 : Whenne þe chyldre confermed ben, Bondes a-bowte here neckes be lafte þat from hem schule not be rafte Tyl at chyrche þe eghþe day þe preste hym-self take hem a-way.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)561 : And other stroke he to hym bere..his schelde a waye it reuede.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.132 : How schulde might fro suche a þing be revyd, The whiche of alle þing is worthieste?
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3503 : The voyse we herd, but nauȝt wee sawe, so wer our wittis ravid [rime: savid].
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)69/18 : Refreyne al þi five wittes from vnlefful desires wich revyn a way pees.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)322/1485 : Wyttys ben revid, Erys ben devid.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)505/416 : As the floure nowe springys..fadithe..so do thy joy nowe ragnes that shalbe from the rafte.
- a1500 As I walkyd vppon (Hnt HM 183)98 : Gula is a grevys gall, He rayvith my rest one my bed.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)5859 : Hir merknesse reueþ fro oure sight Miche of þe sunnes light.
d
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4891 : Þe fende..Refte þe saule vnto helle.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17551 : Reft [Trin-C: Rafte; Ld: Raft] awai for-soth es he.
- ?c1425(c1390) Chaucer Fort.(Benson-Robinson)50 : My frend maystow nat reven, blind goddesse!
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)41 : Wan men wold haue reeft him to haue maad him kyng, he fled it.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)2546 : In this wildernes, My two children fro me revid was.
e
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)19825 : Filippess wif..fra Filippe ræfedd wass.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2517 : Of Grece ek ther was Thelamon, Which fro the king Lamenedon..his doghter refte aweie.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13064 : Þat es again al right, sir king! þi broþer wijf fra him to reue.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1572 : This queen..preyede God..That she, that hadde his herte yraft hire fro, Moste fynden hym untrewe to hir also.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)210/1835 : Now hat alisaunder his while That he refte my quene with gyle.
f
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)39/6 : Halde euch hire ahne meoster & nawt ne reaui [Nero: reauie] oþres.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)45/1271 : Me ne schal nauȝt reaue Þe office, Wyþ-oute leue to don hyt.
3.
(a) To snatch (sb. away from danger), rescue, save; release (sb. from life); ~ doun, take (Christ) down (from the cross); (b) to ravish (sb., a soul into ecstasy); overpower (someone's heart) with love; obtain (love) by force, ravish.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)61/656 : Ihesu..help me & of þis reade lei reaf [Roy: ref] & arude me.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.193 : But if he hadde bene sonner refte out [L ereptus] of his handes, he hadde strangled hym.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)18031 : Helle ȝaf..vnswere..'mony haue I holden here, whil þat þei in world were Han rafte [Ld: reft] dede men fro me euen, Not with her myȝt but his of heuen.'
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)14/28 : Fro the bellue he hir delyuered, And with his strengthe hire from him reued.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)94/29 : Wondurfulli Jhesu wirkes in hys lovers, þe whilk he reves fra þe lust of flesch and of blode.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)12/6 : He [Christ]..þoled..peyneful deeþ..vs synful & gilti of his deeþ for to reuen out of þe deuelys prisoun.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14001 : Lord, haue mynd of me þat I myȝt sone to ded be dyȝt And fro þis lyfe be reft.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)302/870 : Lete us..loke yf he [Elijah] come preuely from cros hym down to reve.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)17.20 : He reft me fra my faes.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)159 : Thei myght not hem socour..and ne hadde be on auenture that fill, thei sholde neuer haue be-rafte from Arthur.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)202/6 : Þi luue..hit is forte ȝeouen..oðer hit is to sullen oðer hit is to reauin [Nero: reauen] & to neomen wið strengðe.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)143/8 : Huanne hi [the soul] is y-reaued þanne to heuene, hi lokeþ ope þe erþe uram uer.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1420 : Myn herte haþ he yraft.
- c1390 Talking LGod (Vrn)30/13 : Þi passiouns, þi deore deþ on Roode..asken al hol my loue and reuen al myn herte.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)6463 : He was fra þe erde reuyd, And in thoght to heuyn heuyd.
4.
(a) To take (the life of sb. or of an animal); (b) to cut off (a bodily member); remove (the hide from a lion); ~ of.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7314 : Of child and man and eke of wiif, Alle þat þai mai nimen, þai reue þe liif.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)9088 : Þai hem þrewe wiþ spere and kniif And oþer armes, to reuen her liif.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2755 : Eche man..launced luþerly after him his lif to haue reued.
- ?a1400 Bozon (Hrl 1288)203 : Who worthe hastynesse yat revyth mannys lyfe.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)203/6041 : Þis loue cast to reue my lijf.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)544 : Thus sone his [rabbit's] life was rafte.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)7213 : Slaghter..reveþ lijf þere it shulde be.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1862 : He hadde of some sone y weued [read: þe heued] Fram þe nek-bon yreued.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3288 : He slow and rafte the skyn fro the leoun.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5697 : Out he clippeth..Hire tunge with a peire scheres..Bot yit whan he hire tunge refte, A litel part therof belefte.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1321 : Ȝyf..hyt [a person's limb] was refte þurgh þy rede, Þou art enchesun of hys dede.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)733 : Hys hed schall of be raft.
- a1500 Tydynges I bryng (BodPoet e.1)9 : Þer tamyd I hym [boar] And reft fro hym both lyth & lyme..Hys hed with my swerd I hew.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7680 : He..The right arme, with a rappe, reft fro þe shuldurs.
5.
With double object: (a) to deprive (sb.) of (sth.), take (sth.) from (sb.); deprive (sb.) of (a road, free passage), block (the road before sb.) [quot.: a1450 (a1338)]; (b) to take (sb.) from (sb.); also, rescue (sb.) from (sb.); (c) to deprive (sb.) of (a bodily or mental ability, emotional state, etc.); deprive (the sun) of (its light); deter (sb.) from (a plan of action); divert (sb. or sth.) from (the right way); (d) to deprive (sb., oneself, an animal) of (life); deprive (sb.) of (a part of the body); take off (the hide) from (a lion); (e) ~ from (o, of), to deprive (sb.) of (sb. or sth., life); sever (a body) from (its head); separate (sb.) from (sth.); deprive (the body) of nourishment.
Associated quotations
- :
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4470 : Ȝiff þu ræfesst me min þing, Þu ræfesst Godd tin sawle.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)26/440 : Hit [wealth] reaueð ham þe hehe riche of heouene.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)35/367 : Ich [Belial] hit am þe reafde [Roy: refde] þe riche Iob his ahte.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)69/758 : Þe reue..leup..wið lut men into a bat & bigon to rowen swiftliche efter forte reauin hit ham.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)36/20 : Kimeð þe kaue ananriht & reaueð [Nero: reueð] hire hire eairen.
- ?a1300 11 Pains(1) (Dgb 86)404/155 : So hy pinez..þat here duden þe widewe wou Oþer reueden wrecches here lond.
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (Hrl 2277)307 : Hi suore þat hi hit wolde habbe þat no man ne scholde hit hem reue.
- a1350 Weping haueþ (Hrl 2253)15 : Heo rafte vs alle richesse ryf.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1220 : Robbers..raft me fowe and griis.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1934 : Þou him scholdest..ȝelde..þe other relyqes ryche wyche þov him hast y-raft.
- c1390 Bi a wey (Vrn)30 : God..may vs reue boþe bour and hal.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4488 : Me-thoght i bar A lepe..Wit bred..Me thoght wit rauens it was me refd.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.210 : Ilk one tille oþer were grim..So þat holy kirke, & alle þe ordinez..& clerkes of dignitez, þei rene [read: reue] þam prouendes..& no man..wille þam help no saue.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)19.122 : Filius..fleght [read: flegh] with spiritus sanctus To ransake þe rageman and reue hym hus apples.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1493 : Hyr strengh was hyr ner refte.
- (1414) RParl.4.60a : If ony man..forbarre the rightful cours of the Kynges writtes..and so by nemeth and reneth [read: reueth] the Kyng his fredam, and his regalte..I seye he may be cold a Traytour.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)10/122 : Þai..reued pouer men þaire gude.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)1106 : Cetes..hadde ther gret envy That he raff him that drury [golden fleece].
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2590 : The rede Mars was..So feble that his malyce is hym raft.
- c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)1169 : Þay tuk þam owte þan full rathe, The mantill and þe gyrdill..'Bathe were þay refte me in þe see!'
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3315 : For sake of my syn ȝone sete es me rewede.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn:Horstmann)307 : Many fandis to be-gyle god & refe hym his dale.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)13308 : Arthur..dide his ost remue þat nyght & let Langres on þe left, & þe wey til Ostun hym reft.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)41/20 : Þe grace of God, if þou it haue, noon may reue it þee.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)60/1764 : Al though daunger seche weyes fulle slyly To rayue hit me..yet of his thought he fynde shalle the contrary.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)83/174 : Then wold my hart be cold If sich a beggere shold My kyngdom thus reyf me.
- a1500 Tale Basin (Cmb Ff.5.48)p.50 : Leuer then a c pounde he wolde, That hit were him rafte.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)65/568 : Eð were ure lauerd..toawarpen his unwine & reauin [Tit: reauen] him his hondiwerc.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)30/29 : Tu..makedest te merke of þe mihti rode þe reauede [Roy: refde] me mi broðer.
- a1350 Bytuene mersh (Hrl 2253)33 : Icham for wowyng al forwake..lest eny reue me my make.
- a1350 Harrow.H.(Hrl 2253)132 : Were þou among men, þou woldest me reuen moni of hem.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)3304 : Mi leman fair and swete A kniȝt haþ reued me.
- c1390 Talking LGod (Vrn)34/17 : Þou bounde helle dogges and raftes hem heore preye.
- a1400(c1250) Floris (Eg 2862)283 : Deeþ..Refte þow hast me my lemman.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Abp.& N.(Phys-E)p.85 : Ic haf broken goddes house, And reft ic haf iesus his spouse.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1260 : Who hath me reft Criseyde, al my plesaunce?
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)569 : Al mankynd is myne..God wil not do so gret wrong to reue me my pray.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1206 : Thyne enmyse..has thy renkes ouerronne and refte them theire childyre.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)7256 : Þou hast me rafth..my knyht & eek my quen.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5153 : Þe kyng of Bebrike..him his make refis.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)7982 : Helle..Asket qwether that wer he that raft hom Lagher from þat place.
- a1500 Bevis (Cmb Ff.2.38)11/227 : Þynke to reve them [Auch: Me wif and child..Ȝif þow þenkest be-neme hem me, Ich schel hem defende!]
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10008 : The Mirmydons..met on hom sone, Refte hom the Renke.
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3838 : [The devil] wile..ræfenn himm hiss rihhte witt.
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)37/17 : For þi ahen þe gode habben eauer witnesse..forte..reaui þe uuele ancre þe ilke unseli gile.
- a1350 Wiþ longyng (Hrl 2253)33 : Hire rode so rose on rys, þat reueþ me mi rest.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)143/23 : God him heþ zuo his oȝene gost y-reaued and be-nome.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)518 : No man sall reue me þat red.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.305 : To the crowe he stirte..and rafte hym al his song.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.561 : It reueth [vrr. reuyt, reuyeth] hym the quiete of his herte.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1017 : The brighte sonne loste his hewe For thorisonte hath reft the sonne his light.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17449 : O couaitis, Sua mani war it mas vn-wis! It reues rightwisnes his wai.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28483 : Mi sister haue i sinned with..And maþens reft þair maþenhede.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.148 : On þe fifte day changed þer wynde, Reft þam þe right way.
- c1400 Ilka man (Tbr E.7)198 : Þe fende on thre wise has powere forto dwell in a man here: Ane es, hurtand þe gudes of kind, als reuand men speche, wit & mynde.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)111 : Beteþ þis boy and reueþ him his wyt.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.188 : No devocioun Hadde he to non, to reven hym his reste.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1147 : What dost þou here..whereto reuest me my rest?
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Ihesu god sone (Cmb Dd.5.64)3 : [J]hesu..Reve me lykyng of þis land.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)100 : He [boar] brittunt bercelettus bold..And rafte hom þe raste.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)2.5 : He [God] sall ref thaim all thaire brightnes & ioy.
d
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9773 : Teȝȝ haffdenn ræfedd lif Þa þatt hemm haffdenn streonedd.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2394 : Þenke hwat þu him dedes, Hwan þu reftes..Hise sistres here lif.
- ?c1350 Bozon Contes in SATF (GrI 12)20 : Wo wurth hastinece yat reves man his lif.
- c1390 Whon Men beoþ (Vrn)176 : Þe lyf þat is to ow so leof, He [Death] wol ȝou reue.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1320 : Ȝyf þou euer..Refte [vr. reftyst] any man hys lyme..Þou art enchesun of hys dede.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3315 : Ȝyf god haue þe lent handys and fete, Armes, legges..þey ben hys..ȝyf he wylle, he may hem þe reue.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2258 : Lim ne lijf he [God] reft þam noght.
- c1400 *Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)1160 : He..beþ abouȝte to revyn hym þe lyf & putte hym to þe deþ.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.7.35 : He [Hercules] slouh the lyoun and rafte hym his skyn [L Abstulit..spolium leoni; F il ravi la despoille au..lion].
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)9116 : Many of hem he reues the lyues.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1855 : She kaughte forth a knyf, And therwithal she rafte hirself hir lyf.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1820 : Many lede with his launce þe liffe has he refede.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)1560 : Thay chase þam..Als þe howndes dose the hare And refte þam lyfe and lyme.
- c1500(?a1475) St.Marg.(3) (Ashm 61)131 : Þou come with-outyne stryffe, Or we schall reffe þe thy lyffe.
- c1500 NPass.(Ashm 61)56/562 : [Peter] refte hym hys ryght ere.
e
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)4387 : He wolde..refe me of þan lifue.
- a1350 Harrow.H.(Hrl 2253)119-22 : Ȝef þou reuest me of myne, y shal reue þe of þyne; y shal gon from mon to mon ant reue þe of mony on.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)3210 : O liue þai reften mani on.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4967 : Þai..deden of his armes on hast, Forto haue anon yreued His bodi fram his gentil heued.
- c1390 Hilton ML (Vrn)290 : Whon þou hast had a gostli þouȝt..Ȝif hit..reueþ þe fro þi slepe aniȝtes..þis is not wel.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)84b/b : A man is I-reft & priued [L Priuatur] of his siȝt somtyme for defaute of membres & lymes.
- a1400(c1250) Floris (Eg 2862)295 : She reft him of his lytel knyf.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.132 : Allas! þat ricchesse shal reue and robbe mannes soule Fram þe loue of owre lorde.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.329 : God..reuede hym [Solomon] of hys richesse.
- (1402) Topias (Dgb 41)p.51 : The seven angels blowun there..trompis..to..reve men of her rest.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1036 : He refte [vrr. ref, reste] hire of the grete of al hire peyne.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)121/26 : Vndirstondyng foloweþ þe maners of a theef þat reueþ anoþir fro his good.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)86 : The derke nyght, That reveth bestes from here besynesse, Berafte me my bok for lak of lyght.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2693 : Myne handes ben nat shapen for a knyf, As for to reve [vr. reffe] no man fro his lyf.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)514 : Wakyn, or reryn, or revyn of [vr. reuyn oute of] slepe: Excito.
- a1450(?c1350) Pride Life (ChrC-Dub)246 : Schal Deth be lord ouer me And reue me of miȝtis?
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)109/30 : Some men in that cuntre weryn dede for they refte yynge maydenys of here maydynhed.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)12/32 : Manslawhtre is whan a man reuyth an oþer of his lif wtowtyn auctorite.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)188/20 : They..raffte us of oure lyves.
- c1475 St.Marg.(3) (Brm)131 : We schall rew the of þi lyffe.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)770 : Þis wicche wiþ his wicchecraft..fro þi bileue haþ the rafte.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)4222 : If þe flewmes be salte wiþ-ynne..Þei reuen þe body of norture.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Walton Boeth.(McC 184)p.60 : Wrafte [L Nubila mens est]: [Lin-C: He is so wrast away he may not wynne].
Note: New form: p.ppl. wrafte.
Note: Quot. belongs to sense 2.(d).
Note: Gloss: ben reved awei, fig. to be taken from the proper course, be perverted.--notes per MLL
Note: wrafte is probably reven v. (note past and p.ppl. form raft(e), but this form could also be the p.ppl. of riven v.(2). Compare the Wor.Serm. supplement quot. for riven v.(2), which has the p.ppl. form wrafte.--per REL