Middle English Dictionary Entry
rē̆nden v.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | rē̆nden v.(2) Also rend(e, ren; sg.3 rendeth, etc. & rent; p. rent(e, rende; sg.2 rentist; ppl. i)rent, i)rend, rant, rended. |
Etymology | OE rendan, p. rende. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To tear a hole in (sth.), rip; tear (clothes), cleave (armor, the earth); ~ adoun, slash (armor) from top to bottom, claw; ppl. rent, of clothes: ragged; of a body: clad in rags and tatters; of a wineskin: split; (b) to tear (one's clothes) in anger, distress, etc., rend (one's garments); ~ adoun, tear (a robe) from top to bottom; (c) to tear (sth.) in two; tear apart; tear up (a document), nullify; ~ asonder; (d) in fig. contexts; (e) to break up, split.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)41/725 : Þe fiss þat þi net rente, Fram þe he me sente.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.9.4 : Þei..tokyn to hem metys olde sakkys to þe assys onputtynge & rent [WB(2): brokun; L scissos] wyne botels & souwed.
- c1390 Hilton ML (Vrn)272 : Þou art bisy to worschipe his hed..but þou leuest his bodi..al ragged & rent & takest no kepe þerof.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)163a/a : Þan is stronge shakynge so þat some tyme it cleveth and rendeþ þe erþe.
- a1400 Bevis (Eg 2862)117/2438 : With his pawes he rent adoun His Armour almost to ground.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)prol.198 : Also ȝe route of ratones rende mennes clothes.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)40 : Þen þe harlot wyth haste helded to the table Wyth rent cokrez at þe kne.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)526 : For he þat is to rakel to renden his cloþez, Mot efte sitte with more vnsounde to sewe hem to-geder.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2447 : Pirrus..With-oute a-bood chaunge gan his wete [read: wede] Ful porely, rent, and disarayed.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)825 : Wiþ hire fust in outrage Smot hire in þe visage, Drouȝh hire her, and rente hire cloþ.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)381/15 : Trowist þou for to come in þidir to þe weddyng feest wiþ þi foule, rent coote?
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)646 : He rent the seyl with hokes lyke a sithe.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2984 : Riche hawberkes he rente and rasede schyldes.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)294 : With suerdis bright on þe bent Brighte maylis hafe þay rent.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)204/1621d : That helme and shelde..They gunne to rendyn and ryve.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)54/104 : A ryght pore man..of sympyl astat, in clothis rent may-be bettyr than rych..Oftyn tyme doth kepe þis comaundment.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)260 : In cloutes me thynkes Hom burde haue rotid and bene rent in rattes longe sythen.
- c1500 Castle Love(3) (Ashm 61)344 : Than was þat wrech wiþ peynes schent, Hys god benom, hys clothes rente.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)63/683 : Þe reue þis iseh rende his claðes & toc him seolf bi þe top feng to fiten his feont.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1977 : His cloðes rent, in haigre srid, Long grot and sorge is him bi-tid.
- c1330(?a1300) KAlex.(Auch)431/265 : Þer men miȝt reuþe ysen, Mani baroun her here toten Mani fest ywrong and hant And mani riche robe rant.
- c1330 KTars (Auch)35/99 : When þe soudan þis wordes herd..His robe he rent adoun.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1595 : Why hatz þou rended þy robe forredles hereinne?
- c1415 Chaucer CT.Mel.(Corp-O 198)B.2163 : When Melibeus retourned was..he y-like a mad man, rendyng [vrr. reending, rent] his cloþes, gan to weepe and crye.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Lev.10.6 : Nyle ȝe make nakid ȝoure heedis, and nyle ȝe reende clothis.
- ?a1430 ?Hoccl.Poems PS Compl.Virg.(Hnt HM 111)240 : A modir þat so soone hir cote taar Or rente sy men neuere noon or this.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.27.51 : Loo! the veile of the temple is kitt, or rent, in to two parties.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.7285 : Of Teutran first þe aventaile He raced haþe & rent þe mail a-sonder.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.25 : This cloth þei caght þat I my-self had weven And þogh þat I wiþstood and seide nay, To rende and kyt [L disciderunt] it wolde þei not bileuen.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)5827 : Ryȝt os þou has þe mantyll rentt, so sall þi reme fro þe be rast.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)97/2892 : Ther graunt vnto hit went That y shulde haue a quytaunce ful frely Of alle service and made my bond be rent.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)2570 : A braunche hys surplys hente And the cloth a-sonder Rente.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)139a/b : Thondir..somtyme..semeþ þat it reendeþ and cleueþ heuen.
- (1402) Topias (Dgb 41)p.110 : The releef of Cristis feeste ȝe renden and ratyn, that his alumners the postlis gaderid togidere and delith it to dogges.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)776 : Soun ys noght but eyr ybroken..For whan a pipe is blowen sharpe, The air ys twyst with violence And rent.
e
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3914 : Heo urnen touward hauene; scipen gunnen helden; bosmes þer rendden; water in wende.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4291 : But casuelly the shippes botme rente And ship and man vnder the water wente.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5700 : His shippes were shent with a sharpe wynd, Gird on the ground with so grym wille Till þai rut on a Rocke & rent all to peses, Þat mony was mard & the men drownet.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.269 : Þe veyl of þe Iewys temple rente & clef in two partyys.
2.
(a) To lacerate (sb., someone's body, part of the body), rip; severely wound (sb., an animal); -- also without obj.; also, fig. spere rent, rent with a spear; ~ thurgh, pierce through (ribs); ~ on rode; (b) to scratch (one's face, etc.) in distress, tear (one's hair); ppl. as adj.: rendinge, of the Muses: tearing their faces in grief; rent, of tragedies personified: with cheeks scratched in grief; (c) to tear (sb., a bird) apart; tear (one limb from another); ~ in sonder, ~ upon peces; (d) to make a slash in a carcass; slice (a carcass), butcher; (e) to cause lesions in (the lungs); (f) in fig. contexts; (g) to criticize a book; overcome (sb.) in argument; destroy (faith); carp at (God's providence).
Associated quotations
a
- c1225 St.Marg.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)17/5 : He..bed..wið sweord scharpe & wið eawles of irne hire leofliche lich rondin ant renden.
- a1275 Þene latemeste dai (Trin-C B.14.39)75 : Þer-inne sathanas þe feind us rent wid is rake.
- a1275 Stod ho (Tan 169*)2 : Stod ho þere neh Þat leueli leor wid spald ischent, þat feire fel wid s[cur]ges rend.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)49/82 : Alas, luytel vuel þouȝte he, þo þe schrewe is wombe rende.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3506 : Ne slo ðu nogt wið hond ne wil, Ne rend, ne beat nogt wið vn-skil.
- 1372 In bedlem is (Adv 18.7.21)76 : Sche sau..His blisful bodi..Wol reuli rent on þe rode.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1851 : Þe werwolf..went to him euene wiþ a rude roving, as he him rende wold.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)265b/a : Þe femelle is fers..bytynge and rendynge wiþ þe teeþ and toskes.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Knt.PW (Phys-E)p.144 : For wormes suld his sawel haf rended..Yef he no hauid wel ben scriuen.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1168 : What wylde so at-waped wyȝes þat schotten Watz al to-raced & rent at þe resayt.
- c1400 Who-so loueth endeles (Sim)94 : Crist..for vs was on rode I-rent.
- a1425 Worldes blys haue (Corp-C 8)4 : Þurȝ his side, spere rent, his herte blod ssadde for me.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)62a/a : If þe flesh were mych dilacerate, i. rent [Ch.(2): torne asondre], And þat suture war proffitable, be þe lippez sowed with a laxe suture retentyue.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)429 : Reendyn: Lacero, lanio.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)317 : For him þat rewfully rase, and rente was one rude, Thynke one þe dawngere and the dole þat I in duelle.
- a1450 *Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)708 : Than nedith mankynde to..be rent with dyuerse hokes of disciplynes..to auoyde the foule rust of synne.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2783 : To Mankynd I ney ny, Wyth rewly rappys he schal be rent.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10209 : He hurlit of helmys, hedis within, Rent thurgh ribbis, russhit vnfaire.
- a1475(1430) Lydg.St.Marg.(Dur-U Cosin V.2.14)227 : The Iuge thanne..Lete..Hir flesshe be rente in his cruelte.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)59/66 : God wyll of a maydyn be born And vs to bryngyn to endles blys, Ruly on rode be rent and torn.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)1052 : More plesyst [þou] me now Then yf..þou renne thorow A busche of thornys..Tyll þi nakyde body were..rent to þe bonys bare.
b
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)176 : Þe moder feng to renden hire neb & hire smoc.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)86 : Reuliche gan he rore & rente al his hide.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4368 : For in-to teris þouȝ þou al distille And rende þi silfe, as þou wost þe spille, It helpith nat to aleggen þi greuance.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5440 : It syt hem [Muses] nouȝt for to help in wo, Nor with maters þat be with mournynge shent, As tragedies, al to-tore and rent, In compleynynge pitously in rage.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.1.4 : Rendynge Muses [L lacerae..carmenae] of poetes enditen to me thynges to ben writen.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)2077 : Hurre sustron weptone, hurre herre þey rende.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11237 : Þei rent þer face and raue þer hare and weped for wo, ose þei ware wode.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)200/1530j : She rent her vice and tare her here.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)195 : A squyer..com cryinge and betynge his hondes to-geder and rendinge his heer.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Jas.(LdMisc 108)181 : Þis desciples..ech lime fram oþur rende.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)39a/b : Whanne he may no ferþere suffice to here lecherye, þanne he rendeþ & to haleþ hym wiþ bitinge [L ipsum dilaniant morsibus] and sleþ and eteþ hym.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)4165 : Saye we þat he rent es Wiþ wilde beestis in wildernes.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)7507 : A bere, a lyon, baþ I mette..þai soȝt me for to rende [Göt: rend; Vsp: ren] and riue.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4496 : Creon..with beestis and houndys to be rente, he made hem all vpon an hepe be leyde.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Jer.15.3 : Y schal visite on hem foure spices..a swerd to sleeynge and doggis for to reende, [etc.].
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)702 : Twey apys at his armes, to angren hym mor, Þat renten [vrr. rente, rendyn] þe rawe flesche vpon rede peces.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.92 : Þe tyraunt Maxence ordeynyd to rendyn here lyth fro lyth.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38)47 : Fowlys in the fyrmament Eyther odur in sondur rente And felle dedd to þe grownde.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)25 : The abominable and multitude of deuelis was innumerable..pulling, drawing, tormentyng, and tering my seid saule as they wolde have rent on lym of hit fro a nother.
d
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1608 : Fyrst he hewes of his hed & on hiȝe settez, & syþen rendez him al roghe bi þe rygge after.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)87 : I..Rent vp fro the rygge reghte to the myddis.
e
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)123b/b : Heruest is noyeful and greuous to hem þat haue þe tisik, ffor wiþ coolnesse and drinesse þerof he fordrieþ and rendiþ þe longen.
f
- (a1333) Herebert Soethþe mon (Add 46919)14 : Mon wyth sorewe is uurst ybore And eft wyth sorewe rend and tore.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)2658 : The wikkid spirit wil euyrmore perse and bore With sundry assayes..To loke who he may renden men and race And brynge hem oute of þe trew rith weye.
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)220 : The peynful lyve, the body langwysshing, The woful gost, the hert rent and tore..Parcel declare grounde of my peynes alle.
g
- (?c1400) Wycl.7 Heresies (Dc 274)441 : Fals men multiplien mony bokes of þe Chirche, nowe reendynge byleve and nowe clowtyng heresies.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.12.135 : So that, at the laste, foolis that somtyme reenden grete thinges oughten ben asschamid of hemself (That is to seyn, that we foolis that reprehenden wikkidly the thinges that touchin Godis governaunce, we aughten ben asschamid of ourself).
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)12 : Now lete hem rende, lete hem hale & pulle, Swech maner puple, for I have myn entent.
- a1450 Spaldyng Katereyn þe curteys (BodR 22)p.539 : And for þou styfly stynte þere, As fyre doth of flynt þere, þi resons hym rent.
- a1500(a1400) Wycl.FHC (NC 95)349 : Þus eueryche man haþ a maner of feiþ, syn eche man trowiþ þat god & alle þingis ben, but hijs feiþ is rente in particuler erroures þat trowiþ fals of þe feiþ, by any part of it.
3.
(a) To remove (sth.) violently, tear off, tear out; also, tear (board from board); ~ awei, strip off (bark), pull off (flowers); ~ of, pull off (clothes, hide, bark) violently; ~ oute, pull away (sth. from sb.); also, pull out (a page from a book), cut away (a piece from armor); ~ up, rip off (hatches); (b) to remove (part of a body) violently; also fig.; (c) to remove (sb. from a place); also, take away (sth. injurious from sb.); (d) to uproot (plants); also, fig. destroy the power of (sb.); (e) to pull (sth.) down; (f) ~ up, to lift up (sb. or sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)78/17 : Þeos þe schaweð hire god haueð bipilet mi fier, irend al þe rinde of [Tit: Irent..of; Pep: rent away], despuilet hire steort naket & iwarpen awei.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.667 : I rente out of his book a leef.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1332 : Syþen rytte þay þe foure lymmes & rent of þe hyde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.7292 : In al haste he maked hath no let Of his hed to rende his basenet.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5360 : Couetyse..diffaceth þe hiȝe worþines, Ful ofte sythe, of þies conquerours And of her fame rent aweie þe flours.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5825 : Þis prest..þis relik fro þe temple rent.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.653 : Fir of liȝtnynge..Hath bord fro bord..rent.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4328 : They..Rent out peces of ther aventaylles.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1099 : Of he rente al to his bare sherte.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1493 : This to me so grevous is to thynke That fro my brest it wol my soule rende.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)191/36 : Sche sey þe Iewys wyth gret violens rendyn of owr Lordys precyows body a cloth of sylke.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8518 : Þen Andromaca for dol..rent of hir clothis.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12511 : Cut down þere sailes, Ropis alto rochit, rent vp the hacches; Topcastell overturnyt, takelles were lost.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)959/33 : Sir Bors drew hys helme so strongely that he rente hit frome..hys hede.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)3/86 : Who is thilke that wil not in scorne laughe to here a dwarfe, or els halfe a man, say he wil rende out the swerde of Hercules handes?
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)110/775 : He..het..neomen hire ant..hire tittes..rende..up hetterliche wið þe breost roten.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2072 : He with that his hond hath leid Upon his Moder brest anon, And rente out fro the bare bon Hire Pappes bothe.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)4.149 : But..I reule þus þi reaum, rend out my ribbes!
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)1093 : In at hys þrote hys arme he gerte, Rente out þe herte wiþ hys hand, Lungges, and lyvere, and al þat he fand.
- a1500(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Dub 213)29/775* : He..sagh ly hym byforne So mony menbres of men, wer mervayle to tell..Som [men] þar riggez owt rytte & som þar ribbez rent.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.240 : Þe herte was rent out of þe body.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.241 : Þu rentist out his herte whan þu swore be Godis herte.
- a1500 Mourn.Hare (Cmb Ff.5.48)p.166 : Other while my tayle is rent.
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5536 : Priamus..fil a-swowne Vp-on þe cors..Inly desyrous for to deie..on hym as he lay, But þat he was by force rent awey.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.2085 : His knyȝtes..Oute of þe pres whan þei han hym rent, Þei bar hym hom to his owne tent.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)33/987 : O frendis, come rennyng And helpe..this fyre were fro me rent.
- ?a1500(?a1475) Abbot & C.(Hrl 2380)24 : He taught þe chylder for to thryve And to þam toke he so gud tente þat..rebaldry fro þam was rentte.
d
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)8a/b : Aueruncto: to renden otis.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)20b/a : Deplanto: to rende vp plontes.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)64/18 : Ȝe haue a scharp swerd..þat ȝe mowen reende up þe þornes of deedly synnes.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2613 : The flour, the lef is rent up by the rote To maken garlondes and crounes hye.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2126 : For Marys sone, meke and mylde, Rent þe up, rote and rynde, Whanne he stod meker þanne a chylde.
e
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.990 : By assaut he wan the citee after And rente adoun bothe wal and sparre and rafter.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6358 : Þei han dispoilled þoruȝ-oute al þe toun and gredely rent and racid doun Of golde & siluer þe ornementes alle.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)104a : Ȝif þere is bold & myghti chyualrye and knighthode in þe citee..þat boldeliche dar issue out on a frusshe or on a clustre to gidre and make hem self wey to þis tour and rase & rende doun the hydes and hayres & feeltes þat hit isheled wiþ and þrowe þeron wyldefire and so brenne hit, þis were a knyȝtliche dede.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1268 : Pelours, masly made, of metals fele..Þe Romayns renten hem doun & to Rome ledyn.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)286 : Þe Ape..with hire pawis roggyd and Rent a-downe branchis and wode.
f
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5348 : Hector..rent hym vp a-forn him on his stede.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)1573 : Mony men redy þer weoren Þeo two stones vp to reren. And whan þat þey weoren vp yrent, Two dragons þer weoren ybent.
4.
Misc.: (a) ~ bord, ?a carving board; (b) error for reden v.(1); (c) in surnames.
Associated quotations
a
- (1376-7) Doc.Manor in MP 3458 : Rendbord.
b
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)164 : He þe can wissen & renden [Vit: reden] ariȝt.
c
- (1290-91) Let.Bk.Lond.A (Gldh LetBk A)128 : Thomas Rendekyn, [barber].
- (1304) Pat.R.Edw.I263 : Thomas le Rente.
- (1309) Loan in Archaeol.28295 : Pro Thoma le Rente et Ricardo Lew.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3228 : Now can she but wepe, wayle…And wofully wryng her handys…And gan to rende her gilt tresses.
- a1450 PPl.B (Cmb Dd.1.17)10.112 : Rend [Ld: Whi shulde we þat now ben for þe werkes of Adam Roten and to-rende? resoun wolde it neuere].
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)3.4.50b : The compace of this wheel was fiched ful of hokes of iren to rende & to race two caitifes þat stood at the two litel dores.
Note: Additional quote(s)