Middle English Dictionary Entry
reine n.(2)
Entry Info
| Forms | reine n.(2) Also rein; pl. reines, reins, reiniez, raines, rēnes, rīnes & (error) reiners. |
| Etymology | OF: cp. CF rein, pl. reines, reins, rains, AF pl. rens; also cp. L pl. rēnes. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A human or an animal kidney; -- usu. pl.; litel (smale) reines, the kidneys; ~ guttes [see also gut n. 1a.(a)]; also, as translation term for L ilia groin; (b) pl. the loins, flanks; (c) pl. ?the womb.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)51/10 : Ȝif hyt byþ of renys [L de renibus], oþþer þan lendene, þane cumþ þæt blod of þara blæddran.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 20.8 : Joab was cloþed with a streit coote..þerabooue gird with a knijf hangynge vn to þe reyne guttis [WB(2): entrayls; L ilia] in þe scheþe.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.369 : He hadde afterward greet penaunce in an evel þat hatte ilium, and greveþ faste by þe reynes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)58b/b : Þe reynes ben I-made for þe bladdre..for þe reynes clensiþ þe superflute of moisture þat renneþ to þe bladdre.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)172/1 : Þe reynes ben set, þat oon in þe riȝtside & sittiþ hiȝere, & þat oon in þe liftside & sit lowere..in two sidis of þe rigge boon.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Lev.3.4 : The two reyns, with the talwȝ with the which ben couerd the reyn guttis [WB(2): guttis clepid ylyon; L ilia], and the calle of the mawe with the smale reyns [WB(2): litle reynes].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)17b/a : Þe reynez bene particlez ordeynd for to mundifye þe blode fro þe aquous superfluitee.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)61b/a : Where he resceiueþ a porcioun of Coler þe whiche exciteþ him for to putten oute..he reuolueþ..aȝeine and goeþ downe to þe riȝt reine to þe ende off þe haunche where þe gutte þat is cleped monocolus oþer cecus begynneþ.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)70a/a : Ȝif þer were but one Reyne oþer a kidneye he schulde decline alle to þe tone side.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.53 : Take heede ek if the dwellers..Her wombis, sidis, reynys [L renes] swelle or ake.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)137 : For þe raynes. Take þe iuus of puliole rotes and medle it with fressh galle.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)214/10 : For stopping of þe splene or of þe lyuer, þe raynys, þe bledyr, strangury and dissure.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)37a/b : The wombe is y-callid al þe regioun of þe nutritis þe which duriþ fro þe midrif dounward wiþinne and wiþouten anoon to þe kideneiris, or reynes, and to þe schare.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)158/4 : He..may lyghtly falle in-to þe peyn of þe syde and peyne in þe renys.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)61/13 : Yf thow do not so, thow may lightly cacche the passions of thy side and reynes..He may be aferde of dolour of coddis, of the longis, and of the stone.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 12.18 : Þe girdel of kingis he loosede & girdede with a corde þe reynes of hem.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2819 : Venus..Tok out..An oignement and..Sche hath my wounded herte enoignt, My temples and my Reins also.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)278a/a : A gentil hounde is smale aboute þe reynes and flanke, & also in þe wombe.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ex.12.11 : Ȝe shulen girde about ȝoure reynes, and ȝe shulen haue shoon in ȝoure feet.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)262/2 : God comaundide to hem þat þei schulde ete of þe lambe..þat þei schulde gerden hem on here hipes and on here reynes.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)290/13 : Kyng Charlis..was passand large of renys.
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)11b : He shal haue good renis and shuldres.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)258/20 : For to know weþer a woman be with chyld or not..sette þi hand on hyr bare necke, and yf þou felyst yt hote and hyr bakke and hyr reynys cold, þen sche hathe conceyuyd.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)7207 : Thow requeryst..To be gyrt..With a gyrdel off ryhtwysnesse, Thy reynys strongly for to streyne.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)222/31 : The tokenesse of a dredful or a feynte man bene x..The viije smale reynes and febille.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)213 : Ther was founde vpon the childes reynes a litill crosse like a crowne for a kynge.
- a1500 BodAdd.A.106 Lapid.(BodAdd A.106)p.44 : Moyses cleped yis ston ye maner of a nox, and ye vertu of yis ston is in his rynes & his strength is in his navil.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8087 : Feble reines and heuy bones..makeþ him slepe for þe nones.
c
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)6883 : Feblenesse of reines is þe þridde, As whan a womman is so bitidde, Some womman wiþ childe may be And feble of reynes eke may be she Þat she is not of þe might Þe peine of childinge to suffre right.
2.
Pl. Following Bibl. transl.: (a) the seat of the passions, the heart; (b) the male generative organ.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.19 : I seche þe reynes & þe hertes & ȝelde mede after þat þai seruen.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)7.10 : Þou shal drescen þe riȝtful, God, sechaund hertes and..reiners [read: reines].
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)138.12 : Þou weldedest mie reines and toke me fro þe wombe of my moder.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Prov.23.16 : My sone, if wijs were thin inwit..ful out shuln ioȝen my reenes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.863 : The feend..with hise fyue fyngres of lecherie he gripeth hym by the reynes for to throwen hym in to the fourneys of helle.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)592 : For he is þe gropande God..Rypande of uche a ring þe reynyez and hert.
- (1434) Misyn ML (Corp-O 236)123/13 : Byrn my renys with þi fyre, & my hart þat in þin awter sal byrn endlesly.
- ?a1450(1422) Lydg.SD (McC 182)57/10 : Lete good deliberance restreyne youre Reynes þat hasti wilfulnes lede yow nat to confusion.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)43/4 : Þe sixte heued of þis best is lecherie, þat is outragieous loue and yuel ordeyned in lykyng of reyns or in delyt of fleschely lustes.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)13121 : I am callyd Dame venus; My dwellyng and my mancioun..Ys in the Reynys most certeyn.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.20.12b : Wel drie and wel coold arn here hertes and here reynes fro þe soufte felynge of þis vertue.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 8.19 : Þi sone þat schal gon out of þi reynes, he schal bijlden an hous to my name.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)7922 : A leccherous man is blynde also Þat goþ to þat werk miche vnto..Of his reynes he leseþ þe might. Þan is þe seed feble and veyne And to engendre haþ no mayne.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)168a/b : Þese woundis aloonly neden to be sewid if þei were curable, as notable greete woundis…of þe lyuere, þe splene, þe chiste of þe galle, þe smale guttis, theromes, þe matrice, þe mouþ of þe stomak, þe bladdre fer fro þe necke.
Note: New spelling
Note: L renum
Note: All have the/þe before per REL
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. rein.