Middle English Dictionary Entry
rẹ̄̆chelē̆s adj.
Entry Info
Forms | rẹ̄̆chelē̆s adj. Also rechi-, rech-, recche-, rechche-, retche-, (early) recelease & richeles, richi- & reke-, rek-, rec-, rege-, rekke-, recke-, (early) reckelæs & reccles, rake-, rak- & (error) reccherous. |
Etymology | OE rēcelēas, rēcce-, rēcci-; for forms with k, etc., cp. ME recchen v.(2).] |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Heedless, imprudent; careless of the consequences of one's actions; foolhardy, rash; (b) ~ of, unheeding concerning (sth.), indifferent to, inattentive toward; (c) indifferent as to the consequences (of doing sth.); (d) uncaring towards somebody or oneself, indifferent; (e) of emotions, actions, etc.: characterized by recklessness or heedlessness; (f) not worth caring about; (g) ?as adv.: recklessly, with no heed to the consequences.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Flyleaf in James Cat.MSS Cai.(Cai 365/728)415 : Þeys bet ȝe þre þat god for les: Holdman Gytles [read: wytles], Yongman recheles, Womman sameles.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)47/17 : Wylde Men ne louede he nouȝt þat rechelese weren of þouȝte.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4626 : Lo, swich it is for to be recchelees And necligent and truste on flaterye.
- (1400) Let.in Ellis Orig.Let.ser.2.18 : Recheles men..voiden her groundes and her thrifty governance and assembled hem in dissolate places and wilde.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)10.106 : Romberis þat rennen aboute Fro religioun to religioun, reccheles [vrr. rechelys, regeles] ben þei euere.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1857 : Þou wer to rekles, For to comytte þi quiete..To cruel Fortune.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)6/14 : Þa þat ere fraward and recles, Lede þaim þe straiter.
- a1425 Cursor (Glb E.9)27772 : He es rekles in word and dede, In tyme when he of both had nede.
- a1425 Shrewsbury Frag.(Shrw 6)1/15 : Ȝe lye bothe, by þis liȝt, And raues as recheles royes!
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)431/976 : In thy requestis be nat so reklees [vr. rekelees]!
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1670 : Many sall repente that in his rowtte rydez, For the reklesse roy so rewlez hym selfen.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)610 : Whan I was yong I was ful rechelees, Prowde, nyce, and riotous for þe maystrie.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)311/3 : In þe dioces of Coleyn þer was a yong damysell þat was rakles & lichoros.
- c1450 How mankinde dooþ (Lamb 853)245 : God dooþ richelees foolis refuse Þat kunnen no good, ne noon wole lere.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)19696 : I sholde lyue bettre in pes, And no mor ben so rekles [vrr. rekeles, recles].
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.209 : How stille þat steddeffaste stode amonge þis reccheles peple.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)179/5 : There was a monke liȝt and recheles in lyuynge and was lecherous.
- a1500 Man be war or (BodPoet e.1)p.34 : Wywes be rekeles, chyldren be onkynd.
b
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)70/152 : Ȝif þou wilt now be recheles of þyn owen welfare and take noon hede of þis rekenyng..alle þe tongis þat euere weren..mowen not telle þe sorwe and woo þat þou shalt suffre.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4297 : No man sholde been to recchelees Of dremes.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416:Everett)111/10 : What..is more opene folie, whanne þis wei is liȝter..þan to be recheles of þis way.
- c1400 Daniel *Herbal (Arun 42)f.56v : Germandre .., ratele .. hath .. floures skilful, smale, & redissh; of his sed Y haue ben recheles.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.2378 : Al þis while lay þis Achilles, Of Grekis deth y-liche recles.
- a1450(?c1430) Lydg.DM(1) (Hnt EL 26.A.13)650 : Ther be folke mo than sixe or seuene Reckeles of life.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.3703 : Off his trouthe..he was rechles, Fals off his promys.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)67/5 : It is to vileynose a thing for a knyghte..to be rekeles [vr. recheles] or yvilknowing of goodnessis.
- a1450(a1401) Chastising GC (Bod 505)97/15 : Goode men and wymmen þat trauelen to be parfite bien more tempted þanne oþer whiche bien recheles of lyuynge.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)88/16 : He wold not..be rekles of þe sustentacion to þe seruauntis of God.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)5 : If þe pope ben tan rekles of his and his breþers ȝele..þat more noyeþ to him and alle oþer.
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4613 : Worþi Diomede..Hasty, testif, to smyte rekles, And medlif ay.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.1139 : To suffren hym þei were so rekles.
d
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.754 : For sche was cause, God wotte, causeles, Þis gery Fortune, þis lady reccheles.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)397 : Eke lo! how fals and reccheles Was to Breseyda Achilles.
- c1450 In a valey (Lamb 853)67 : If sche be richilees, y wole be gredi.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)340 : To sorowe was she ful ententyf, That woful recheles caytyf.
e
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12315 : O barns and þat wit þaim war Brak þe pott..Wit wil or wit recles [Frf: reklis] dint.
- c1405 Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Elsm)H.279 : O trouble wit, o Ire recchelees, That vnauysed smyteth giltles!
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)857 : Of slike rekles warkes Sais haly writ..Þai er corrumpid.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1052 : Ȝowith is recheles But ther it is refreyned.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.63.43b : Þe bihouiþ..flen..þe rekeles likinge þerin of frelte.
f
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)593 : Daunseth he murye that is myrtheles? Who shulde recche of that is recheles?
g
- a1450(?1418) The herrere degre (Dgb 102)110 : Richesse..Take fro þe nedy, to þe nedeles dele, And wylde recheles as a roo.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)107/146 : Rekkeles I raffe, reste is my rede.
- c1450 How mankinde dooþ (Lamb 853)119 : Quod leccherie, 'þi seed richelees þou schake, And make no force of no mariage.'
2.
(a) Negligent of one's work or duty; dilatory; (b) ben ~, with inf.: to fail (to do sth.), be negligent or dilatory (in doing sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)39 : Ðe unwreste herde..slepeð and synegeð on gemeleste alse he þat is recheles.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)2/14 : Alle hit beoð untohene & rechelese hinen, bute ȝef he ham rihte.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.361 : He was recheles a morwe, and wolde nouȝt come or he hadde i-ete.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.179 : A monk whan he is recchelees Is likned til a fissh that is waterlees.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)254b/a : Foxes..freteþ þe grapes of þe vyneȝerde, And namelich þere kepers and wardeynes ben necligent and recheles [L negligentes].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27236 : Þe formast reccles [Frf: reccheles] prelat es Lare child wit-vten buxumnes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28238 : Ic ha bene reckeles on many wys Anentis crist and his seruise.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)5802 : Whaswa es rekles and kepes it ille, He sal be aresoned..Of þe kepyng of it þat he tuke.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)120/34 : For whoso is recheles & noght besily beþinkeþ him forȝetiþ lightly many synnes.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)428 : Rekkeles: Necgligens, incurius.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)307 : Thei ouȝten not be ouer myche recheles in lesing her godis.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)39/27 : Of þin nowne mowthe I deme þe, recheles seruaunte.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)102a : Rakelese [Monson: Rakles]: Ignauus, Necligens..vbi slawe.
- c1525 Rule & T.St.Francis(2) (Fst D.4)563 : I will not thynke that they [priests] be rechiles and synfule, for I considre them..my lordis and masters.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)932 : Þatt Judisskenn preost Þurrh Drihhtin shollde swelltenn Ȝiff þatt he wære reckelæs To ringenn hise belless.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.103 : Þe senatoures spended suche foure money..as it were forto make good for þe cherles trespas þat was foure siþes recheles forto warne þe senatoures.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)43b/a : Somtyme is defens [read: defnes]..whanne kynde is necligent & recheles to make an hole in þe lyme of þe hurynge.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4573 : Her counseil was þat Priam outterly In no maner be nat rekkeles To purswe to Grekis for a pes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5446 : He was nat rekles To seyn a trouþe.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)5546 : Þai war rekles and slawe To chasty þam.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3903 : I..crye you heere mercy, That I have been so recheles To tamen hym.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.1110 : Iohn Bochas Was meued in herte nat to be rekles To write the falle of Calistenes.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)207/12 : Be not wery ne recheles to visite þe seke.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)133/3 : Peple schulde not be reccheles and vnkynde to considre deuoutly þe benefete of cristis resurrexioun.
- c1500(a1449) Lydg.Aesop (Trin-C R.3.19)302 : Herdys be rekles þe lambe for to defende, Take noon hede on theyr flock to tary.
3.
Carefree, untroubled by care.
Associated quotations
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.2 : Wolleward and wete-shoed went I..As a reccheles [C: richeles] renke, þat of no wo reccheth.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)40 : Þis kyng lay at Camylot vpon kryst-masse..With rych reuel oryȝt & rechles merþes.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)3.332 : Criste shal endwe thyn old rekles age With eloquencye.
- a1475 As Reson Rywlyde (Hrl 3954)1 : As reson hathe rulyd my recles [vr. Rechyles] mynde, Be a wey wandryng as I went, A solom cite me fortunyd to fynde.
4.
As noun: (a) a thoughtless or heedless person, person who does not care about consequences; -- also coll.; (b) an uncaring or indifferent person; (c) recklessness, imprudence; ?also, freedom from care [quot.: ?C.d'Orl.]
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)126/21 : Ȝe, recelease, nolden mine bodu healdon.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.20.7 : A wys man shal be stille vnto tyme; the reccheles [vrr. retcheles, reccherous; WB(2): a ioli man; L lascivus] forsothe and the vnprudent shul not kepe time.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3411 : Þe reccheles and þe proude songen, þe cowardes her hondes wrongen.
- c1400 Bible SNT(2) (Dc 250)1 Pet.2.15 : So is þe wille of God..þat ȝe þorw ȝoure good lyf & ȝoure good speche & sufferynge ȝyfe suche ensample to þe vnwise recheles.
b
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)668 : Labour and devocion..thou hast had, loo causeles, To Cupido, the rechcheles!
c
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)71 : Ten þing ben þe letten men of here scrifte..forgetelnesse, nutelnesse, recheles, shamfestnesse, [etc.].
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)10.51 : Þoruȝ his connyng is kept caro & anima In rewele & in resoun, but reccheles it make.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)51/1503 : In thought and rekkeles thus leue y and prayere.
- c1450 How mankinde dooþ (Lamb 853)63 : Bi waar of richelees, for he wole make diffence, For he is leder of al synne.
- a1500 Se meche (Roy 2.D.37)33 : Rechelesse & racle [are] oft tymys repreuable.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)2063 : I [Alban] cast neuyr with hem to have ado, Nor make fyr vpon ther Auters, This my Answer take good heed herto, Nor no Recheles cast in ther sensers, Kneele afforn them this hundrid thousand years. This is in som for oo woord & all Myn last wil & myn Answer fynall.
Note: Supplemental material for 4.