Middle English Dictionary Entry
purchā̆s(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | purchā̆s(e n. Also purchace, -chais, -chasse, -chache, -ches(e, porchas, -ches, pourchas & (in names) purchaz, purcaz, purkas, purkaz. |
Etymology | AF purchace, -chaz & CF porchaz, pourchas. AL purchasium is a borrowing from AF. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Acquisition, gain; also, something acquired or received, a possession; wealth, property, goods; fig. something possessed as a natural gift [quot.: Capgr.], something earned or deserved; ben of ~, to be wealthy; don ~, maken ~, purchase land, acquire property; ~ of penaunce, deserved torment; (b) the act of acquiring, procurement; also, illegal gain, graft, extortion; also in proverbial expressions; ~ bettre than rente, etc.; office of ~, the office of purveyor; gon abouten (wenden on) ~, to go about obtaining one's means of subsistence; (c) begging, entreaty; also, income or proceeds from charity, alms [quot.: a1425]; child of ~, ?a beggar child.
Associated quotations
a
- [ (c1290) Britton 1 (Lamb 403)p.215 : Purchaz pora estre en plusours maneres. ]
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)12039 : Sir henri of alemaine..Wende to þe court of rome to make som purchas.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.3654 : Every man in his partie Which wolde..abide stille At hom in eny maner wise, For pourchas or for covoitise..He scholde..holde him stille at hom in pes.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6051,6063 : Ȝe ryche purchasours..yn alle ȝoure moste purchace Comþ ȝoure deþ sunnest yn place..For coueytyse ys yn purchace.
- (1402) Topias (Dgb 41)p.69 : The pokes of purchace hangen to the erthe, and the cloith of oo man myȝte hele half a doseyne.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Eph.1.14 : Ȝee ar markyd with holy gost of þe byheste, þe whiche is wed of oure herytage in to byyeng ageyn of þe purchase [L in redempcionem adquisicionis].
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)416 : Purchase: Adquisicio.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)807 : Alle þe folius, folk, þat ȝe sain [read: fain] wirchen, Ben purchas of penance whan ȝe parte hennus.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)2.1333 : Lese not youre hold, lese not youre purchace..Swiche goodly yyftis wolde not euer ben hyd.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)294 : A Purches: perquisitum.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)91/14 : Thar [at the papal court] he did Purchase [Dub: dydde the purchace] that, by auctorite of the Pope and by his concent, was to hym grauntyd the lorchippe of the londe.
- a1500 Peterb.Lapid.(Peterb 33)p.86 : Who þat bereþ him [bloodstone] schal be of gret purchese..& makeþ a man to be of gret renoun.
- a1500 Vision Staunton (Add 34193)70 : God wyll þat thay haue now þer purchese, and þat is mekyl care and sorow.
b
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.256 : His purchas [vrr. purchaas, purchace] was wel bettre than his rente.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1451 : I am a feend..And here I ryde aboute my purchasyng To wite wher men wol yeue me any thyng; My purchas [vr. purchache] is theffect of al my rente.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1530 : Bothe we goon abouten oure purchas; Taak thow thy part what men wol thee yeue, And I shal myn.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6838 : To wynnen is alwey myn entente; My purchace [F porchas] is bettir than my rente.
- (1426) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)340 : I be quethe..x li. toward a purchas of an halle for the company.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)56.504 : Whanne that forhungred that they [two lions] were, the Ton wente On purchas, þe toþer lefte there.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.2247 : When theift is called a good purchase..Than shall the londe of Brutes Albion Turne fro welthe vnto confusioun.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)233/161 : Who so kepis the lawe, I gess, he gettis more by purches Then bi his fre rent.
- a1500 Fasc.Mor.in Silverstein ELyrics (Rwl C.670)p.98 : Sithyn..Robbyng and reuynge ys holden purchas And of vnthewes is made solas, Engelond may synge, 'Alas, alas!'
- 1532-1897(a1475) Ass.Ladies (Skeat)265 : I have..this office of purchace, Cheef purveyour, that longeth to this place.
c
- c1390 Vrn.Mir.Virg.(Vrn)141/8 : A pore child was of porchas, Þat wiþ þe Beggeri þat he con wynne, He fond sumdel what of [read: for] his kinne.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)155/256 : Two blind men..lifed allane of þaire purchace; For þai war blind, men fand þam fode; Þarfore þam thoght þaire lifing gude.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)77/23 : I xal metyn wyth þe at morwyn & at euyn, for I must gon on my purchase & beggyn my leuyng.
- a1500 ?Ros Belle Dame (Cmb Ff.1.6)322 : The pore seruaunt noght hath of avauntage But what he may get only of purchace.
2a.
Booty, spoil; goods gained by pillage, plunder, or robbery; maken ~, to seize goods by robbery.
Associated quotations
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1738,1742 : Þis false man..of willeuol men him gaderede a gret route, & bi het hom god inou of porchas..& suþþe mid robberie..Of is porchas so large he was to men..Þat he adde a gret ost in a lutel stounde.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5561-2 : Of ech maner purchas þat com bi is hond, Oþer þat eny of is, as in purchas nome, He vorbed þat neuere more among is spence ne come, Ac to hous of religion..& to poueremen aboute.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7536 : Bitven king Clarion & douke Escas þer was parted alle þe purchas Þat þai hadde ywonne þat day.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2603 : What so þay be þat letteþ ous oȝt our purchas for to make, for godes loue, ne sparieþ noȝt hure crones þat ȝe ne crake.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6089 : Forthi to maken his pourchas He lith awaitende on the pas..Thus Robberie goth to seke Wher as he mai his pourpos [vr. pourchas] finde.
- a1400-a1500 Rich.(b-version:Brunner)262/12 : Of my purchas ne getest thugh no wurth a flye!
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4540 : Habben hij shullen..Al her wynnyng and purchas.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)3787 : Geue off þy gold and off þy purchase [vr. purchais] To erl, baroun, knyȝt, and servaunt off mace.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)6528,6531 : He gaff þe hyghe and þe lowe Off his purchas good jnowe..So Richard partyd hys purchas [vr. purches].
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)213/9 : Yf..any of tho messagers be y-temptid to geddyr mony or Purchas of the placis whyche he is sende to, refuse hym atte al poyntes.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)2812 : Generides..sent yow here a stede of his purchase..Of kyng Ruben he wanne hym.
2b.
(a) A mercenary soldier; -- also coll.; man of ~, a mercenary, one who fights for booty; maken ~, to recruit (mercenaries); (b) wif o (of) ~, a concubine.
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1745 : Men of porchas come to him so gret route..þat ech lond him gan doute.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4361 : Alder first Yder, þe king, Þre þousand hadde of bileueing..& viii þousand of purchas He hadde also.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4378 : In þe bataile, þer he was, Wiþ seuen þousand of purchas, & fif þousand in toun he fond.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)6932 : Of Sessoine þis heiȝe king was & hadde made al þis purchas Opon our men, ywis, for þe sibred of douke Angis.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26284 : Bot he [an uxoricide] be yong..þat he mai wijf for bere na-gate, Oþer o spous or o purches [Frf: of purchase], þan mai his biscop do him grace Wijf to tak..Ar he him al to hordom giue.
3.
(a) Law Land or real estate acquired by means other than inheritance; on ~ wis, in the manner of saleable property; right (righte biwonnen, verrei) ~, legitimately owned, or legally obtained, property; (b) the act of buying real estate or of acquiring it by means other than inheritance; (c) an income derived from purchased land.
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7828 : He bi queþ Þe ȝongore al is porchas, ac as lawe was & wone; Normandie, is eritage, he ȝef is eldoste sone.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10631 : Þe erles douȝter of wareine is gode moder was & is fader þe king Ion, & biȝete him a porchas.
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)511 : Alured kyng..Al his ryhte purchas To povre abbeyes yef.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)71b/b : Þe fadir..purchasiþ lond & heritage for his children..& tilieþ his purchas and leueþ it to his eires.
- a1400(a1325) Glo.Chron.B (Trin-C R.4.26)828/18 : Half to pouere abbeiȝes he ȝaf..His ritȝe biwonne purchas [vr. purchasse] of londes.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.86 : Þat William wan with myght is told non heritage..þing þat a man wynnes, It is told purchase.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.87 : Heritage salle men not change on purchace wise to wone; Roberd..þe heritage to þe lies, & þou, William, salle hent þe purchace.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)14 : Al þe lond þat he had, it was verrey purchas.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)61 : Al myn other purchas, of londes and leedes, Þat i byqueþe Gamelyn.
- (1424) EEWills60/2 : Diuers men haf ioint astate whit me in diuerce of my purchace be wey of truste for to fulfylle my wille.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1368 : I ȝow byseke..At wend with me to my purchace And se my kastel and my towre.
- (1425) EEWills63/22,24 : My ioint feffez of my purchace of Leesthorpe..graunte by her dede, to Iames my said sone, an annuite of c s. of my said purchas of Leesthorpe.
- (1444) *Doc.Maldon : It shall be leefful to euery man that purchasith eny hous or londs within the Burgh for to devyse his purchas.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)50/35 : Kynges awe holde and do right of poscessiouns, riches, & purches, þat right heir be maad þerof.
b
- (1404) Will York in Sur.Soc.4527 : Y pray and charge unto my forsaid executors, that thei delyvere up all the dedis and evidencez that y have of the Says londes unto my ryghtful heire of my purchase of the forsaid londes.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)59 : Swiche reconisaunce heldene stede as weel of tenementes that wommen purchasen ioyntly with here housbond, as of tenementz that bene of here heritage or of here several purchas [ID(1): purchaz].
- (1465) Lin.DDoc.124/19 : If case any purchase falle, And if myn Executours can make any purchase to the valour of v or vj c markes..then the said plate by them to be sold to pay for the said purchase.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)130 : The grete lordis off þe lande, by reason off..mariages, purchasses, and oþer titles, shall often tymes growe to be gretter than thai be now.
- -?-(1469) Will in Som.RS 16201 : That euery creature that I haue hadde lande of untrieuly, as well that which came by inheritaunce as by porches, that theire titles be seen.
c
- (1455) Lin.DDoc.76/29 : I..declare that the said purchase and mortisement be so..that hit be xx li. clere aboue all maner of Chargis.
4.
(a) Endeavor, effort, exertion; also, instigation, contrivance [quot.: c1330]; (b) course, end; maken same ~, have the same outcome.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)26/562 : Hit nis non hale..ȝif þou him slest bi hire purchas.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)2389 : Al pleys be deuysed By his [Pleasure's] avys and his purchace.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)18/527 : Y shulde fynde..Bi purchase of my derkid eyen twayne As moche of weele as y haue displesaunce.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)126/3767 : Daunger haue the speche biraft me here..Thorugh the purchas of cursid false envy.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)174/20 : As soone as the hardnesse of the werr, which by thyne owne purchase cometh vnto the, anone thow art enclyned to all seducions and maist not susteyne nor bere theim.
b
- a1500 ?Ros Belle Dame (Cmb Ff.1.6)74 : When sche dyde, þat wasse my maistresse, All my welfare then made þe sam purchasse.
5.
As surname.
Associated quotations
- (1190) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.1104 : Willelmus Purchaz.
- (1198) CRR(1) 1182 : Thomas Purkaz.
- (1206) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames285 : Geoffrey Purcaz.
- (1239) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames285 : Roger Purchas.
- (1250) Close R.Hen.III286 : Michael Purchaz.
- (1327) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames285 : William Purkas.
- (1351-2) Freeman R.in KRec.18206 : Willelmus Porchas.