Middle English Dictionary Entry
prē̆sse n.
Entry Info
Forms | prē̆sse n. Also pres(e, prece, presce, preasse, preas(e, preace, preisse, (errors) preef, prest & prasse & prisse, prise, price. |
Etymology | OF presse, prese & CL pressus & ML pressa.?Also cp. LOE presse a clothespress. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) A crowd, throng, company, an assembly; also, the assembling or gathering of a crowd; also, a group of things; (b) amid (among(es, in, in middes) ~, among or in a crowd; into ~, in among a crowd; oute of ~, out from a crowd; with ~, accompanied by or in the presence of a crowd; don oute of~, to remove (sb.) from a crowd; (c) pride in ~, noble appearance in a crowd; proud in (of) ~, splendid in the throng; (d) putten in ~, to come forward in a crowd, exert oneself, take action; bring forward (a complaint), present; exhibit (one's muse); exert (one's mental powers); (e) refl. putten in ~, to put oneself forward, enter into the crowd; exert oneself, take action; endeavor (to do sth.); undertake, strive; put oneself forward (to do sth.); putten in ~ toward, press towards (sth.); putten in ~ unto dongeon, endeavor to go to a dungeon; (f) in ~, in public; comen in ~, to become known.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)2432 : Þis heiȝe men..Weren in care hov heo miȝten for prece comen þer-to.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.393 : Greet was the prees, and riche was tharray Of Surryens and Romayns met yfeere.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.522 : Greet prees at market maketh deere ware.
- ?a1400 Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Petyt 511)11255 : Grete presse [F presse] was at the procession.
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)97/30 : And þo folowed hym gret prees of folk.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2141 : Medee..to hir chaumbre is allone y-come Whan oute of þe halle with-drawen was þe pres.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3750 : Gret was the pres, concours, and repaire Of the ladyes forto han a sight.
- ?a1425 Susan.(Hnt HM 114)117 : Daysye and dyteyne, Isope and auereyne, Peletre and planteyne Pyght in þat pres.
- a1456(c1430) Lydg.Mum.Windsor (Trin-C R.3.20)73 : Gret prees þer was stonding envyroun For to beholde þe kyng frome poynt to poynt.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)412 : Prees, or thronge: Pressura.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)18306 : So thykke of hem þe prees was þere that they a man a glove hadde cast To þe erþe, cowde hit not han past, but on mennes hedes Scholde hoven.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)533 : Me þouȝt þat I sey Gret pres of folk with murmur wondirful.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1358-9 : In this lusty and ryche place..Ful moche prees of folk ther nas, Ne crowdyng for to mochil prees.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)217 : Whan he cam to London, there was so mech prees of puple that whan he was at the bregge at nyne befor non, it was on aftir noon or he myte come to Westminster.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)417 : There turnement was than no more, But this departith alle the prese; knightis toke there leve to fare.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)141 : Bot pyne wos wyt þe grete prece þat passyd hym after.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Lucy (LdMisc 108)30 : A womman..touchede þe lappe of ore louerdes cloþes ene Ase he eode In grete prece.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)2641 : Mary..And other..Þat myght noght pass omang þe prese, Ane-other way full sone þai chese.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.646 : Haue ye nat seyn som tyme a pale face, among a prees, of hym that hath be lad Toward his deeth.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)203 : Dame Olympias amonge þis pres Sengle rood, al mantel-les.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)222/25 : Anone doth him out of pres and bringe him to his iugement.
- (1417) in Rymer's Foedera (1709-10)9.434 : He towchyde ȝar [?read: þar] Handys only in alle the grete Prees.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2709 : And Medea schope hir for to take Hir leue anoon amonges al þe pres.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2721 : Buried wern with ful huge pres Menalippus and Polistenes.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.46/23 : He medyllyd hym self Amonge the preysse of peple.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.2888 : A-myd [vr. In middes] the pres Zizara cam in place.
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)133/1091 : Childe Florent was brogte into þe haulle With fulle mekille presse.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)271 : Thou woldist be riȝt weel plesid..if Crist were now in erthe In a greet prece of peple.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)428 : For þogh he iette forth a-mong þe prees..His cofre and eke his purs ben penylees.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)547 : I went my wai for þe multitude, Me to refressh oute of þe prese allone.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1633 : They amonges al the pres Shul thus be shamed gilteles.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.76 : Þy sonnes..wiþ a semble fro thy house i-lad Of senatoures..Wiþ huge prees of peple bli[þ]e and glad.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)7/190 : I me withdrewe and callid vnto me hope Out of the prese into an herber grene.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)3997 : And curteysly amyd the pres, Atwen the peple and Moyses, They putten hem.
- a1475(a1450) Tourn.Tott.(Hrl 5396)21 : Perkyn þe potter in to þe prest [read: press] past.
- ?a1500 Othea (Hrl 838)79/16 : A kyng..when he wyll goo owte of hys chaumbre hathe huschers..before hym makyng wey in þe prees off þe people.
- a1605(c1422) Hoccl.Compl.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)139 : Yf I in this preace a-mysse me gye, to harme wole it me turne.
c
- ?a1300 Maximian (Dgb 86)76 : Ich wes of speche bold..Proud in euchan pres And wlonk in euchan res.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)688 : When þe lordinges..were brouȝt on des..As princes þat were proude in [vr. of] pres, Ful richeliche serued he wes.
- c1390 Susan.(Vrn)117 : Daysye and Ditoyne, Ysope and Aueroyne, Peletre and Plauntoyne, Proudest in pres.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)24/109 : Pride in prese ne prais I noght Omang þir princes prowd in pall.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)742 : Þenne he wente to þe dece Before þe pruddust in prece.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)2351 : Launcelot shall come that other day Withe the lady proude in pres.
d
- ?c1425(c1412) Hoccl.RP (Roy 17.D.6)p.78 : Yit for to putte in prees my conceyte smalle, Goode wille me artethe take on me the peyne.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.2644 : A knyht..gan his compleynt for to putte in pres.
- c1450(c1393) Chaucer Scog.(Benson-Robinson)40 : Ne thynke I never of slep to wake my muse..While I was yong, I put hire forth in prees.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)p.84 : Presumpcion js whan a man putteth more ferforth in prese in presence of peple then another man doeth.
- (c1450) Boothe be ware (CotR 2.23)p.227 : And ye in youre olde age put in pres..And pray for the party to make his pees.
e
- c1390 Whon alle soþes (Vrn)39 : A glasen pot is wayk and liht To puiten him self to fer in pres A-ȝeynes a caudrun for to fiht.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2440 : Fulofte a man mai se Ynowe of suche, natheles, Whiche evere pute hemself in press To gete hem good, and yit thei faile.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.852 : Vlixes..Anoon of falshede put hym silf in pres And..With oon þe first, gan [him] to excuse.
- a1425 Shrewsbury Frag.(Shrw 6)2/40 : A, loke to me, my Lord dere, All if I put me noght in prese..a horn-spone haue I here.
- ?c1425(c1380) Chaucer Form.A.(Benson-Robinson)33 : Thise tyraunts putte hem gladly nat in pres No wildnesse ne no busshes for to winne.
- (?a1430) Hoccl.MG (Hnt HM 111)96 : Than spare nat foorth thee to putte in prees To preye for vs, Crystes modir deere.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)603 : Tho gan the kokkow putte hym forth in pres For foul that eteth worm, and seyde blyve.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.2310 : And S[c]euola..For comoun proffit..Put hym in pres, did his besi peyne To slen Porsenna.
- (1448) Shillingford37 : Y put me yn presse and to my lorde and spake with hym.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)122/121 : Nowe loke on me, my lorde dere, Þof all I putte me noght in pres..I haue no presentte þat you may plees.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)2/12 : Presumpcyon is whan a man puttith hym silf furtherforþ in prees in presence of peple þan an oþer man doth.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12048 : As þes kynges in counsell were comynyng to-gedur, Eneas egerly..Put hym in prise & profferit to say.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)63/9 : But for he was poore and poorly arayde, he put hymselff nat far in prees.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)3433 : I wolde me nat putte in pres To gruchche but kepe me stylle in pes.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)5091 : Pylgrymes hem putte fast in pres To-ward the table off Moyses.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.763 : For now euery boye þat is not worthe a peere, Anon as he can walke and put hym in prees, Taketh an ensample of eche othir to swere.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.34.79b : Eche of this handes schuld put him self in prees to helpe & defende the heed.
- a1500(?c1414) ?Brampton PPs.(2) (Pep 1584)p.382 : If trouthe wolde put hym nowe in preas, He may sone displeas.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)65/19 : Looke no man put hym self in preaase Bot that Wyll do as I desyre.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)9/15 : If thou haue the corage..to wille to putt the in prees vnto the daungerous dongeon wher Dame Courte retaynith vnto hir secrete place.
- a1500 Of spayn (Corp-O 226)59 : Off hem that putten hem in pres To seke genus or species.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)256 : 'Ay kepe your course & put your sylf in preef [read: prees; rime: messe]'; So he her set furst.
f
- c1425 Pes lordyngs (DurDCM 1.2 Archid.Dun.60)3 : Pes, lordyngs, I prai ȝow pes, And of ȝour noys ȝe stynt and ses, Oure gamen to lett ne cry in pres.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.1438 : For the diffame sholde nat kome in pres, Hym for to moordre she souhte occasioun.
- a1450 Ch.Feasts (Roy 18.A.10)238 : The Epiphanye I preyse in prees.
1b.
(a) A military host, an army, an expedition; (b) a throng of combatants on one side in battle; (c) the combatants on both sides in battle or tournament; the thick or press of combat; a battle, war; ben in ~, to be fighting [quot.: MOTest.]; (d) breiden (lepen, priken) into ~, forth priken in ~, riden in ~, to rush or charge into battle; escapen (flen) from ~, flee from battle; (e) putten in ~, to put (an army) into combat; refl. throw oneself, themselves, etc., into the fight; enter the thick of combat, advance to attack; also fig.; (f) proud in (on) ~, valiant in battle, brave in combat; preved in ~, ?tested in battle; beren pris in ~, to be the best in combat; (g) a throng of hostile people or assailants.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)8050 : Margalaunt, þe steward, & king Pinogres To þe brigge were comen wiþ gret pres Of Sarrazins.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.148 : King Ulixes Upon the Siege among the pres Of hem that worthi knihtes were Abod long time.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1329 : Þider he wendeþ wiþ grete preesse, Þe sturdy cite to a-dresse.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1312 : Iason is come, and with hym Hercules, And after him foloweth al þe pres.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)22/45 : Mekill pride was þare in prese, Both on pencell and on plate, When þe bare rade..Vnto Cane.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)509 : Hit schal þe profite, prince, whan þei pres faileþ.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)514 : Þe vertue of il victorie of unwele peeple Is noght stabled in strength of no stiff prese.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)8144 : He met þat geaunt Pinogres Amidward al his pres.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1225 : Þe ȝong, kene kniȝtes..hadde perced þe pres pertily to here maister & rescuede him rediliche.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)2397 : He þorouȝ-þerled euery presse -- Was þere non to his prowesse.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4616 : But of Grekis swiche a pres cam doun to reskue hym..Þat Odemon no ferþer myȝt him lede..toward þe cite.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)62 : The strong Achilles..was best of alle that pres Off the kynde of Gregeys.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)47/11 : Maymon..socoured Hector and brak the grete precis [vrr. presis, presses] of pepill.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)13.912 : And Evere kyng Eualach enforsed him faste Thorwgh Tholomes pres Forto han paste.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)1399 : The prees of Saresyns was so stronge A-boute Roulande that tyde.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)208/15 : He threste into the prece of kyng Arthures knyghtes.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)82/32 : Than began the Romaynes..to breke the prese of the Iuwes.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)140/25 : Ther was so grete prees aboute him that he myght dur no lengar.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)327 : The kynge Ban and the kynge Boors saugh..that the Geauntes have hym for-closed; thei..lefte theire felowes and gerden in to the presse.
c
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)8034 : Gret ioie, wiþouten les, Þai made amidward þat pres.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1191 : Þere þe pres was perelouste, he priked in formest.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2162 : Pirrus..This worthi queene among the press With dedli swerd soghte out.
- a1400(a1325) Glo.Chron.B (Trin-C R.4.26)851/190 : Þe king forþ com & out of þe presce [vr. price] mid strengþe him nom.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1631 : Þere was sone in þat prees Many childe faderles.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4577 : Oyleus Aiax..was..Hiȝe of stature & boistous in a prees, And of his speche Rude and rekkeles.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1477 : The senatour Peter thane persewede hym aftyre Thurghe þe presse of þe pople wyth his pryce knyghttes.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)44b : Þey were ytauȝt also to knowe wele her baners, þat þei lese her warde ne her banere þoruȝ medling in prees.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)20 : Off here dedys men rede romaunce..Off Ector and off Achylles, What folk þey slowe in þat pres.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1201 : Mony perysshet in þe plase er þe prise endit.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)2361 : Sone ware þei in prese and full smertly can smytte.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)531/18 : Aythir of them assayled othir passyng harde, and with that the grete prease departed.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)2248 : Thanne was ther on not ferre owt of ye prese.
d
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1231 : He lepes in-to þe prese.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)3848 : Whan he þe kinges cry clenli hadde herde, as bliue with his burnes he braide in-to prese.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)720 : Þe Troiens lees & fledde fro þat mykel prees.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)13.799 : Forth prekyd the steward In þat pres [F bataille].
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)167 : And next that sawgh I..how that he [Eneas] Escaped was from al the pres.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1331 : Ercules yreful..Pricket furthe into prise.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)826 : Kyng Ardus rode forthe in pres.
e
- (1415) Hoccl.Oldcastle (Hnt HM 111)167 : If land to thee be falle..I am ful seur who so wolde it thee reue, Thow woldest thee deffende & putte in prees.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2182 : Schame..As he þat neuer dar put hym self in pres, For lak of manhod drawiþ hym euer a-bak.
- (1421) Hoccl.Hen.V Vict.(Hnt HM 744)13 : Welcome be yee, worthy Conquerour, which..In armes knyghtly han yow put in prees.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.2453 : Xerses Hadde on his parti Themydora..which put hirselff in pres, Armed in platis that shon ful briht.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3968 : Þe Persens putt þaim in pres & þe proude grekis; Þe Medis & þe Messedons maynely þai feȝt.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)17081 : He putt his pepyll fast in prese, to fell goddes folke þei were full freke.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)8166 : For ȝiff A man be rekkeles ffor to putte hym sylff in pres, ffarwel dyffence off al Armure..ffor Venus & hyr sone, Cupyde..han vyctorye.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)13561 : Her kometh on..Wham we tweyne wyl nat ffaylle ffor to spoyllen..We wyl vs bothe putte in pres.
f
- c1330 Horn Child (Auch)153 : Malkan king was on of þo, Proude in ich apres.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)5520 : In þe feld leye þay with wondes wyde, þat arst wer prout on pres.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)4/90 : Þus in þat stowre þai left þaire liue Þat war bifore so proud in prese.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)1302 : And fro þe Cite warde þay ryde, Oure prynces prouede in presse.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)969 : Aftur helpe he hath sente, Prynces proued in pres.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)1692 : Y haue well spedd That soche a lorde hath me wedd That beryth the pryce in prees.
g
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)263/458 : Þe prece of luþer tormentors wel þicke aboute hom com.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)5.873 : Bothe attonis take in a sodeyn pres, with ther allies alle attonis fett And..lad to the gibett.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.TWoe (Hrl 2255)67 : Iulius was murthred in the prese, Whan senatours at Rome hym dide assaile.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)1859 : Syr Agrawayne to dethe yode And sythen All the other presse.
1c.
(a) A large number of multitude; crowded conditions caused by the presence of a multitude; oute of ~, away from the multitude; haven ~, to have a host of lovers; (b) in ~, in abundance.
Associated quotations
a
- c1375(?c1280) SLeg.Nativ.(Eg 1993)559 : So..late hit was, heo ne miȝten in wende And eke vor pres of þe volk þat to truage was ikome.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.7253 : Gret presse unto that cite drouh, So that ther was of poeple ynouh, Of Burgeis that therinne duellen.
- a1400(?c1280) SLeg.Nativ.M&C (Stw 949)353 : For pres of þat folk þat to trewage were ycome, Al þe innes of þe toun yfuld were and ynome.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4854 : Þere is anoþer ydle hatt Gangerides; Þere ben jnne castels and of poeple pres.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2162 : And ȝit seyn bokes of hir, douteles, Was neuer noon þat had so gret pres, But she hir kepte..Vn-to hir lord euere I-liche trewe.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)112/12 : So mekill pepull is comen to towne Þat we can nowhare herbered be, Þer is slike prees.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)3.163 : Thay myght haue nomaner herbygage..Save a stable and a lytyll stall That were sequestrede..Oute of all prees.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)43/32 : Whann he was mad bischop he say weel þat, for..þe grete prees of straungeris þat daily cam on-to him, he must hold a houshold.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)244 : To-night with-oute I rede we byde; The presse is grete in the Cite.
b
- a1450 LDirige(1) (Dgb 102)280 : To repente no bygynnyng, Noȝt bote gadre synne ay in pres.
2.
(a) The crowding and pushing together of a crowd; the massing together of worms on a corpse; maken ~, to throng around (sb.); (b) the pressing of a violent crowd or a throng of assailants.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)494 : Þat folk him siwede with gret pres.
- c1300 SLeg.John (LdMisc 108)114 : Þare was prece of alle þe men þat þudere miȝhten gon.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7117 : His folk abouten him pres made.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.904 : This lettre cam, and ther was press Tofore the king, ther as he stod.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1114 : Þaȝ þay wern fele, no pres in plyt, Bot mylde as maydenez seme at mas So droȝ þay forth.
- c1400 St.Alex.(3) (LdMisc 622)75/1114 : Swiche presse was þe poeple among, þemperoures miȝtten nouȝth for þrong Beren forþ þe bere.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2435 : But what shuld I rehercen..the gadryng about hym and the pres.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1778 : Of puple was there so grete habundaunce..That þere was mech prees & mech debate.
- a1450 LDirige(1) (Dgb 102)312 : Lord..ȝyue here lyȝt..Þou þat rered Lazar..Out of þe graue, stynkynge fro wormes pres.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)227 : Out of þe place myd pres þey passed on swyþe.
- a1500 St.Alex.(5) (Tit A.26)75/394 : The folke come fast owte of þe cete that ryche Relyke for to see; Sone in a..lytell stonde þer was Bothe grete throng And prece.
b
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)880 : Þay..distresed hym wonder strayt, wyth strenkþe in þe prece.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)16 : Amonges the grete prese of the which traitours, ther was a faire lady sore hurt yn the bak and other gentilwemen hurt and sore wondid.
3.
The society or companionship of people; from ~ of, away from the companionship of (people); withouten ~, unaccompanied, alone; withouten ~ of, unaccompanied by (sb.).
Associated quotations
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)88/17 : Ich chulle leade þe..in to anli stude, & ter ich chulle luueliche speoke to þin heorte; for me is lað preasse.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.3469 : And whan he cam out of the pres, He tok to conseil Hercules.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5979 : And he cam in, sool wiþ-outen prees.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)124/3691 : I..wold stele..A pryvy Cosse..Withouten prese of mo saue yow and y.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)32/3 : As his moder and he stood..in fer fro pres of puple þus a-lone, þei too talked ful sobirly.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)518 : Good space they had with-outen prese There erand to the quene to say.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)6277 : Savyng thei twoo ther was non other preese.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)10/27 : Eschue þou noyse & þe prees of men.
4.
(a) Pressure of business; urgency, haste, bustle; eagerness, ardor; (b) the approach or pressure of war; (c) at ~, when tested or proven; holden ~ to, to exert pressure on (sb.); putten in ~, place (sb.) in a critical situation.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4 : Ferst whan..the kinde of man Was falle into no gret encress, For worldes good tho was no press, Bot al was set to the comune.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)177 : He fleth þe pres, þe besinesse he had ere.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11910 : Þan the grekes by agrement gird into shippe, With proses and pres puld vp þere ancres.
b
- (1434) Proc.Privy C.4.224 : Þe nghyng [read: nighyng] & daily prees of þe werre þereby to your good towne of Parys and to þe remenant of your cuntre of France, your subgittes of þe same neiþer myght tele þeire landes nor þeir vignes.
c
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3618 : Whanne Myhel hys horn blowyth..Þe count of here conscience schal putten hem in pres.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)35/16 : Alle þe benchis of þe halle beþ nyȝ fylled..so moche is þe prees þat is holden to þese þat beþ to come, þat þe lenger þat we dwelle, þe more may we drede þat oþer prees vs tofore.
- a1605(c1422) Hoccl.Compl.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)245 : Some man lokethe in foltyshe maner as to the outward dome and Iudgement that, at the prese, descrete is and prudent.
5.
(a) Trouble, difficulty, hardship; oppression, tribulation; turmoil; world of (o) ~, difficult life; for ~, because of hardship; on ~, over a difficult matter; holden ~, to act oppressively; (b) maken ~, to make a commotion, raise an uproar.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3327 : Lo, who may truste on fortune any throwe, For hym that folweth al this world of prees [vrr. a prees, for prees, of prise], Er he be war, is ofte yleyd ful lowe.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)183 : Ȝe doþ hym wrong to smyten him on þis presse.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20984 : He [Paul] was sua stanid on sum dai Vneths he bar lif away, In lepe ouer walles was laten down, Hard in prese and in prisown.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.311 : In alle þis grete pres praied þe kyng of France þe Scottis suld haf pes.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1522 : For presse of the passage, they plungede at onez.
- a1450 ?Audelay An a byrchyn bonke (Dc 302)222/135 : Holde þai neuer þe pres be hew ne be hyde, Bot ay þe hen[d]yr hert after þai hade.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)508/289 : In harde presse whan I was stedde, Of my paynes ȝe hadde pitee.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)175/20 : As soone as the grete presse [CQ(2): hardnesse] of the werres comyth vpon the, thou art enclyned to all sedicions.
- (1483) Stonor2.161 : I hold you happy that ye ar oute of the prese, for with huse is myche trobull.
b
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)379/125 : What page is þere þat makes prees And callis hym kyng of vs.
6.
(a) Something used to exert pressure or weigh down, a press; also, pressure [quot.: (?1440)]; also, a device for pressing or stretching cloth; holden in ~, to keep (sb.) subject to pressure; leien in (on) ~, curl (the hair); (b) a press for expressing juice from grapes, oil from olives, etc.; a wine press, oil press, etc.; also fig.; appel ~, a cider press; chese ~, ?an apparatus for compacting and expressing whey from curds; mustard ~, ?an apparatus for extracting oil from mustard seed; win ~, a wine press; also, a screw of a screw press [quot.: *MS Wel.564]; ~ hous, a building containing a cider press.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.81 : With hym ther was his sone, a yong squyer..With lokkes crulle as they were leyd in [vr. on] presse.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.213 : Amonge þe riche rayes I rendred a lessoun..And put hem in a presse [vr. prasse; A: pressour; vr. pryson] and pyned hem þerinne Tyl ten ȝerdes or twelue tolled out threttene.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.189 : Letuce..slitte her leues..And with a shelle or hutte adoun presse, And they wol glade & fatte vndir this presse [L gloss.: prelo].
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)188 : The smithiere..so faste heeld me in presse [F tenoit en presse] with hire tonges that me thouhte j was put in a pressour.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)5/6 : With hir armes she streyned me so sore that me semyd myn harte had ben as in a presse.
b
- (1373) Doc.in HMC Var.Col.7354 : [2 houses..one of them called] Preshous in qua constructa est molendina pomorum.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)4 Kings 6.27 : Wherof may I sauyn þee? of þe cornfloor or of þe presse [WB(2): pressour; L torculari]?
- (1388) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)5.59 : [An] appulpresse, mustardpresse, [and] chesepresse.
- c1390 Disp.Virg.& Cross (Vrn)131 : Til grapes to þe presse beo set, Þer renneþ no red wyn in rape.
- c1390 Disp.Virg.& Cross (Vrn)206 : Cristes Cros ȝit spac þis speche, 'ffurst was I presse, wyn to wringe.'
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)237b/b : Þe swiþere oyle renneþ out of þe presse [L torculari] oþer of þe wryng, þe bettre it is acounted.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)109a/a : And þat þe fox be so cocte þat þe flesh be seperate fro þe benez, And afterward be it expressed in a presse..& be þer made vnguentum.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)412 : Presse, for grapys, or oþer lyke: Torcular, prelum, pressorium.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)76a/b : It is fourmed in þe ende þat schulde be putt in to þe vale of þe heed, wriynge aboute lijk an instrument of a wiyn presse.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)98b : A Presse for wyne: lochinal [Monson: bachinal], Calcatorium, [Monson adds: forus], prelum, pressorium, torcular, troclea [Monson adds: torculare].
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)156/36 : Why is thy clothynge so rede, and why seme they like to fullers in þe prisse [L sicut calcancium in torculari]?
7.
A cabinet, closet, chest, etc. for clothes, books, etc.; a clothespress; also fig.; ~ cheste, a chest; ?a clothespress; leien in (on) ~, to lay (sth.) aside, put away; lien in (o, on) ~, remain out of sight, stay away.
Associated quotations
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.263 : Of double worstede was his semycope That rounded as a belle out of the presse [vr. on þe presse].
- c1390 Ȝhit is god (Vrn)20 : Þei in herte bi-gon to gryse And leide heore Iolyte in presse.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3212 : His augrym stones layen faire apart On shelues couched at his beddes heed, His presse ycouered with a faldyng reed.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2849 : O slepi nyht, I..wolde that thou leye in presse With Proserpine the goddesse.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)300b/a : The moþþe..is ygendred of a corrupcioun of cloþe, whan þe cloþ is to longe in presse.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.559 : God save hem that biseged han oure town, That so kan leye oure jolite on presse.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)398 : Pyle, of clothys [KC adds: or other lyke] on a presse: Panniplicium [KC: cumulus].
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)412 : Presse..of clothe. Panniplicium, pressorium, involucrum.
- (1444) Will York in Sur.Soc.30100 : Lego eidem j prese kiste..cum j warre kiste habentem ij stages.
- a1450(?1409) Vision Staunton (Roy 17.B.43)70 : Y saw dyvers pressis ipiled wyth clothis.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)123/3 : Ȝif þis herbe be put in an hutche or in a presse among clothes, it wyl kepe þe clothys þat no mowthes schall frete hem.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)600/14 : Pannicipium, anglice, a presse.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)17 : The traitours sought the Kyng..yn the litters, undir the presses, the fourmes, the chares.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)98b : A Presse for clothis: lacunar, panniplicium, vestiplicium.
8.
Surg. A fold of cloth, tow, etc.; a pad.
Associated quotations
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)105a/a : And wiþinforþ is put a presse [L petia] of cloþ or stupes aboue þe inguyne.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)127b/a : Magnitude forsoþ is cured..in byndyng þe eie with a bend & pressez [Ch.(2): þirstynges; L fasciis] y-wette in stiptic succus.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. press.