Middle English Dictionary Entry
pǒudren v.
Entry Info
| Forms | pǒudren v. Also poudre, pouder, pouderon & poueder; p.ppl. i)poudred, ipoudrede, i)pouderd, etc. & poudret, poudrt, pouedred, poudert, poudurd, ipouthered & i)pudrid. |
| Etymology | OF poudrer, pudrer. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
To make a powder of (sth.), grind, pulverize.
Associated quotations
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)196/11 : Reed cley & alyme, poudre [L terantur] alle þese, & herwiþ frote þe place.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)330/25 : Epithima is þis, whanne þingis ben sotilli poudrid [L puluerizate] & temperid wiþ water of roses.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)336/8 : Þou schalt poudre þe litarge in a morter.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)168a/a : Þise þingez subtily y-poudred [Ch.(2): powdrede; L puluerizatis] in medling oile & acete successiuely, & litely in leding it longe in a morter be þer made an oynement.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)93b/a : Take halfe ane ounce of verdegrece & pouder it smale on a marbel stone.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)170a/a : Þe inner wulle of hem schal be casten aweie, and þe vtter substaunce schal be dried & pouderd.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)393/29 : Þe Montipediens praysen þe wasshynge with..þe iuse of citrines in þe whiche powdrede [*Ch.(1): puluerized] sulphure stood in a glasen vessel to þe sonne by 20 dayes.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)73/32 : Caste þer-in an vnce of aloen epatik pouderd & in oyle resolued.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)210/6 : Take salt and powderytt small.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)153 : Tak bool armanyk..& poudre þy bool & þy gomme.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)92b/b : Poudre hem þat ben for to poudre, and grynde þo þat ben to be grounden.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)33a/28 : Also ȝekyng is helyd with whit wyne in whiche is leyde a pece of lynnyn clothe, in which pece is Aloes cicatrinum powedred.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)33b/19 : Dissolue þe salt with þe Iuce of Rue and poweder þe oþer.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)48/18 : Loke þou haue y-broke half a pound of tormeltille wel y-poudred.
2.
(a) To sprinkle (sth.) with powder; ~ upon, sprinkle (powder) upon (sth.); ~ with, powder (sth.) with (sth.); (b) to sprinkle dust upon (oneself) as a sign of penance or remorse; (c) ppl. poudred, bespattered, soiled.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)100a/b : But loke þat þi puluilles be not to faste þriste doune, & pouder apon þe dura mater puluis capitalus.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)411 : Powderyd, wythe powder: Pulverizatus.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)5/3 : Bot schafe þe hede at þe begynnynge & gare it blede and powdere þe scalles with sawndeuere.
b
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)1865 : Þou sall mak sorow in godes syght, ffall to þe erth, and powdre [vr. powder] þe, And pray God haue mercy of me.
c
- ?c1335 Þe grace of godde (Hrl 913)31 : Þi felle wiþ oute nis bot a sakke, Ipudrid ful wiþ drit and ding Þat stinkiþ lolich and is blakke.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.2273 : He thouhte also that it dede hym good To haue aboute hym..Boistous bocheris al bespreynt with blood And Watry fissheris..Ther kootis poudrid with scales siluer-briht.
3.
(a) To sprinkle spices on (sth.), season; also fig.; ~ with, season (sth.) with (spices); (b) to cure (meat, fish) with salt or other seasoning; (c) fig.
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1335(a1300) Cokaygne (Hrl 913)110 : Þe leuerokes..Liȝtiþ adun to man is muþ, Idiȝt in stu ful swiþe wel, Pudrid wiþ gilofre and canel.
- a1425 HBk.GDei (Arun 507)149 : He mai god biseke of grace..þat here steris him in gode werkis, & with deuocion & likyngs poudirs þaim so þat þai mai be savouri til his dere lorde.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)1418 : Sythen scho broght in haste Plouerrs powdird in paste.
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)81 : Caste there-to pouder of ginger and peper, saffron and salt, and pouder hit faire til hit be rosted ynogh.
- a1485 *Hrl.1735 Cook.Recipes (Hrl 1735)114 (f.17r) : Tak þi fars & .. drengle it in swete oyle & poudre it with sugre.
b
- (1389) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9949 : In 2 salmon poudrt, 2 s. 10 d.
- (a1399) Oath Bk.Colchester9 : Heryng that comth yn scheps, be it fresh or powdred, par last iiij d.
- (1409) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9953 : In 10 powdretfish empt., 5 s. 6 d.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)466 : Pouder hom with salt al a nyght, and on the mornynge wash of the salte.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)411 : Powderyd [Win: Powdyrde] wythe salte: Salitus. Powderon: Condio.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)14 : Take powderd Elys an seþe hem in fayre Water.
- c1450 Brut-1431(1) (Eg 650)447/8 : The seruyce of þe ffyrst course..Lamprey Poudered.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.6 : To powder befe with in a nyȝt, Þou welle þo salt in water bryȝt; Malt hit in bryne, set doun to kele, Put in þy flesshe fayre and wele, And in a nyȝt hit poudert schalle be, Grene powdert þorogh, so mot I þe.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)533 : Mustard is meete for brawne, beef, or powdred motoun.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)107/216 : Oure mete now begyns..The pestell of a sowe that powderd has bene.
- a1500 PFulham (Jas 43)173 : Many men byn nowe so lekerous That they can not leve by store of howse, As brawne, bakyn, or powderd beef.
c
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.58 : Al þis speche is poudrid wiþ gabbinge.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apost.(Dub 245)433 : Ȝit þei poudren blasphemye in among þis apostasye.
4.
Ppl. poudred: (a) ornamented in a random pattern, spangled; poudred glas, glass ornamented in a random pattern; poudred with, decorated with a random pattern of (roses, precious stones, gold decoration, etc.); also fig.; (b) scattered here and there randomly; (c) her. decorated with small heraldic ornaments.
Associated quotations
a
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2543 : Þe mametes..y-maked ware of gold þat schon ful briȝt, y-poudred wiþ stones preciouse.
- (1392) Will York in Sur.Soc.4179 : Unum lectum..de glauco sandal, poudred cum mollett.
- (1395) EEWills4/12 : I deuyse to Thomas, my sone, a bed of tapicers werk with alle the tapites of sute, red of colour, ypouthered with chapes and scochons.
- a1400 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Cai 231/117)p.139 : Poudred [vr. ourned; Hrl 874: she was cloþed in purpre & bordured wiþ golde].
- -?-(1412) Will in Som.RS 1656 : [A bed] album y-poudred cum medley.
- (1432) Rec.St.Mary at Hill27 : Also a olde sengil vestement of grene selk poudrid with floures.
- (1445-6) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1394 fn. : Pro vjc xxxviij pedibus vitri operati vocati powdred glasse.
- (1447) Indent.Oxf.in RS 50.2565 : Item, 1 coverlyt of grene and yelow poudred with roses, ii s.
- (1450) Lin.DDoc.38/8 : Item, a grene appariell for the Auter, that is for to say, Reredose & frontell powdred with golde.
- c1450(c1400) ?Clanvowe Cuckoo & N.(Frf 16)63 : The grounde was grene, poudred with dayse.
- c1475 Awntyrs Arth.(Tay 9)p.15 : His polans with his pelidoddes were poudert to pay.
- ?c1450 Brut-1447 (Trin-C O.9.1)489/18 : The Quene come..with ij stedes trapped all in white damask poudred with gold.
- (1455) Reg.Chanc.Oxf.in OHS 93351 : Item, a Nutte pouderd with siluer and the Conacle and the fete therof of silver.
- (1474) Doc.Reynys in MP 14 (Tan 407)3 : A vestement of Red velvet pouderyd with floures of gold.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)1.46 : Ȝe come to ȝoure kyngdom..Crouned with a croune..With..sapheris swete, þat souȝte all wrongis, Ypouudride wyth pete þer it be ouȝte.
- a1500(a1400) Libeaus (Lamb 306)904 : Hir mantill was ryght ffyne, J-powderd with ermyne.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)1436 : Ful gay was al the ground and queynt, And poudred, as men had it peynt, With many a fressh and sondri flour.
b
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)44 : On huyle þer perle hit trendeled doun, Schadowed þis wortez ful schyre & schene Gilofre, gyngure, & gromylyoun, & pyonys powdered ay bytwene.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)800 : Mony pynakle payntet watz poudred ay-quere among þe castel carnelez.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)266 : Next vnto hym..Sate the goddese Diana in a mantell fyne Of blak sylke, purfylyd with poudryd hermyne.
c
- c1390(?a1325) LChart.Chr.A (Vrn)656/221 : A cote-armour I bar with me..Poudret [B: y-pouderyd; vrr. Powdered, Poudurd, Poudred] with fyue roses rede.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)377/29 : The feeld powdryd with many heuenly sterre And halff Cressantis off gold, ful bryht and cleer.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.541 : He shal eek haue aboue al his armure, Poudrid with palmys, a cote of purpil red.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)5680 : The champe of the feld was goules, Thik y-poudred with smale foules.
- a1475(a1450) Tourn.Tott.(Hrl 5396)106 : Myn armes ar so clere: I bere a reddyl and a rake, Poudred with a brenand drake.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)149/11 : Oon of hir armes..was couerd and poudrid [CQ(2): enbrowdered] with flourede-lices and dolphynes quarterly.
5.
?To bore (sth.), pierce; ?ornament (the handle of a knife) with shallow holes.
Associated quotations
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)126/6 : A rinspindil is an instrument þat coteleris poudren with her haftis.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1450 Eagle Magic in Tul.SE 22 (Add 34111)25/65 : Another þe reyns of þe egle wiþ þe ballokes y-dryed and i-poudrede in þe maner forsaid and y-dronk in wyne ȝif loue of man and of woman.
Note: New form (p.ppl. in i- and -e) added to form section.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Dc.45 Artist.Recipes (Dc 45) 153/23 : Ȝyf hyt ys to dykke, powdyr hyt with summe of þe water aȝen.
Note: Glossary: "powdyr v. imp. 'sprinkle'."
Note: Additional quot., ?sense 2.(a) ['powder (sth.) with (sth.)'] or ?modify sense ['powder or sprinkle (sth.) with (sth.)']