Middle English Dictionary Entry
potāǧe n.
Entry Info
| Forms | potāǧe n. Also potache, pottage, potege & (error) potdtage. |
| Etymology | OF potage, pottage. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A thick soup or stew, variously with or without meat; a soup containing leguminous vegetables: beans, peas, lentils, etc.; a simple or coarse stew; any dish having the consistency of soup or stew; food prepared in a pot; also fig.; (b) a kind of porridge; (c) ~ de egges, poached eggs.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)211/16 : Hwa se is ouer feble, Potage eoteð bliðeliche.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)71/22 : Wel luytel he eat al-so bote it were a luyte potage.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8339 : Wo þat miȝte weodes abbe & þe roten gnawe Oþer seþe & Make potage was þer of wel vawe.
- (?c1375-a1390) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3623 : Whanne wol the gayler bryngen oure potage?
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.25.29 : Iacob forsoþ hadde soþen potage.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.405 : They haueþ growel to potage.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.368 : For thogh a man be falle in ialous rage, Lat maken with this water his potage, And neuere shal he moore his wyf mystriste.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)233a/a : Codware þat serueþ to potage haueþ þis name, legumina, of legendo, 'chesynge'.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)250 : Þe patient mote absteine him fro..al maner fatte potagis.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.41 : Þei ete mete of more coste, mortrewes and potages.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)39/22 : Hungur dispisiþ no maner of mete..Haue he a mes potage & stor of houȝse, him þinkith he hath a feste be þe wombe ful.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)37a/a : Legumen: potage, gruel.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)53b/b : Pulmentarium: potage & companage. Pulpamentum: potage.
- a1425 Roy.17.C.17 Nominale (Roy 17.C.17)661/8 : Potagium: potage.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)44a : Also this erbe sodde in potache is gode to make a body lax, for he is colde and wete.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)444 : Poche to Potage..Take milke and ȝolkes of egges..and do hit in a pot and do therto sugur or honey..then dresse the sothen egges in dysshes and poure the pottage above.
- (1448) Will York in Sur.Soc.30133 : I bequethe til Alianore Willughby, my doughter..iij disshys of silver for potage.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1572 : Til a couent suffes may ij maner of potege ilka day.
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)72 : Lete hit not be thik ne to thyn, butte as potage shulde be.
- (1474) Stonor1.144 : At the dyner on the morow. For pouer men: item, vmbils to potage..The ffirst course for prestes, &c. First to potage, browes of capons.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)12828 : I..ffylle my paunche..In wast, in reuel and outrages Spent in gelees and potages.
- a1500(a1450) St.Robt.Knares.(Eg 3143)277 : Hys potage was of cale and leke, Off other herbes þat he gartt seke, Sothen wyth saltte and serued tytte.
- ?a1500 Lndsb.Nominale (Lndsb)789/18 : Hec pereta: leke potage.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)19/26 : O where hast thou be so longe commensal, that hast so mikel eeten of the potages of foryetfulnesse?
b
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)115 : For to make a Potage of Rys. Tak Rys and les hem and wasch hem clene and seth hem tyl they breste and than lat hem kele and seth cast thereto Almand mylk and colour it wyth safron and boyle it.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.23.14 : Bred & brokyn corn & potage, ȝe sholyn not ete of þe corn vnto þe day þat ȝe offren of hit to ȝoure god.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)226a/b : Som men meneþ þat polenta is a manere potage y-made of most deere and purede flour.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)447 : Potage of Ynde. Take Almonde mylke made with swete wyn and do hit in a pot and let hit sethe and make hit stondynge with floure of rys and do therto clowes and sugur and colour hit with ynde that longes to potage, [etc.].
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)28/10 : In this tyme ete metis þat arne of cold and moist complexioun, as..potage made with barly mele.
- a1475 The boris hede (Brog 2.1)p.93 : Furmante to potdtage [read: pottage] with wennissun fynn, And the hombuls of the dow, and all that euer commis in.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)288 : Potage:..farratum.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)244/27 : A man Sholde ette mettis of colde and moisti complexcion..as..Potage of oot-mell.
- a1500 Ld.Cook.Recipes (LdMisc 553)114 : Potage of ris: Nym ye ris, whess hem clene, [etc.].
c
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)94 : Potage de egges: Take faire water and cast in a faire frying pan..til hit boyle..And then breke faire rawe egges and caste hem in þe water..and lete the egges boyle harder or nessher as þou wilt.
2.
(a) A vegetable, esp. a leguminous vegetable, pulse; ~ ware; (b) lentils; ~ ware; (c) dried grain or pulse.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.1.12 : Be potage [WB(2): potagis; L legumina] ȝouen to vs for to ete and water for to drinke.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)225b/a : Among potage where þat groweþ in coddes, beenes [are] y-cleped þe beste.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)230a/a : Gith is a maner potage were y-liche to comyne and is y-do in breed to make it swete.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)31b/b : Abstene hym fro alle þingez grosse, viscous, crude, fleumatic, & ventous, as beþ..substance of legumentez, i. potage, or wortez, frutez, rapez, chestenez.
- ?a1440 Hortus (Brist-U)265 : Cicer: maner of potage or sed.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)288 : Potage: ligumen..lens, lenticula, olus.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)740/17 : De Speciebus Liguminis: Hoc ligumen: potage.
- ?a1500 Lndsb.Nominale (Lndsb)789/8 : Legumen, puls: potage.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 17.28 : Machir..offredyn to hym coueryng cloþes & tapetis & erþene vesselis, whete & barli & mele & powned corn & bene & potage [L lentem].
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)7.57 : Potage ware [L lenticulam collectam] in askes mynge, and kepe In oil barelles or salt tubbis done.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judith 10.5 : She putte on to hir fre maiden a botel of wyn & a vessel of oyle & potage [L polentam] & dried fijgys & louys & cheese, & wente forþ.
3.
(a) A potion, kind of drink; (b) a poultice.
Associated quotations
a
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)118/2 : Circes..made ordeyne for þeim a potage ful delicious to drinke, but þe potage had such a strengthe þat sodeinly þe knyȝtis were chaunged in-to swyne.
b
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)42/13 : Lewide men seyinge akynge & swellynge in a lyme þat is woundid leie þerto a potage [L pultes] in maner maad of eerbis & swynes greece & water & wheete flour.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)125/11 : Þei leien aboue þe wounde a potage, þe which engendriþ quytture.
4.
As surname.
Associated quotations
- (1286) Close R.Edw.I417 : Roger Potage.
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 1067 : Johanne Potage.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Hrl.2378 Recipes (Hrl 2378)82/2 : Take longdebefe, water cresses, leues of primerole…and vse þer-of a potage.
Note: Additional quot. for sense 3.(a)
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. potage.