Middle English Dictionary Entry
possessiǒun n.
Entry Info
Forms | possessiǒun n. Also possesion, possescioun, poseescion, posession, pocessioun, pocescioun, poscessioun, poscescioun, poscescien & (errors) passioun, possencion; pl. possessiounes, etc. & (errors) pcesciownes, poste-styens. |
Etymology | L possessio, -iōnis & OF possessïon. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Ownership, possession; the fact of holding, occupying, or owning; having; bok of the ~, a written record of a purchase; haven ~, to have ownership or occupancy; taken ~, acquire territory, gain a kingdom; taken ~ of, take possession of (sth.); (b) ben (stonden) in ~ of, to have possession of; haven in ~, possess (sth.); fon (taken) in ~, taken into ~, take possession of (sth.); yeven (relesen) into ~, give (sth. to sb.); in oure (min, theire) ~; (c) chesen in (into) ~, to choose (a people) as one's property; haven ~ of, have (a friend); be husband or lover to (a woman); (d) law actual possession of property, occupancy of land (as contrasted with legal possession); corporal ~, possession of the temporal rights of a benefice; in ~, exercising ownership; in ~ in, actually owning or holding (sth.); (e) law legal ownership, the right to ownership (usually with actual possession).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Esd.4.16 : If þat cite were bild vp & his wallis enstored, þou shalt not han possessioun beȝonde þe flood.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.32.11 : I boȝte þe feld of Ananeel..& I peisede to hym seluer..& wrot in þe booc & selede & tooc witnessis..& I tooc þe booc of þe possessioun sealid..to baruch.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)165a/b : Mounte effraym, þer Inne Iosue þe sone of nun toke possessioun.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3281 : In love..The peyne is hard, out of mesure..And in the possessioun Is myche tribulacioun.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.2.10 : Stryf or pleet with me byforn what juge that thow wolt of the possessioun of rychesses or of dignytees.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)211/17 : Loue is entrid for to take possessioun of þat hous.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.2470 : The eldest sone callid was Lowis, To whom his fadir gaf pocessioun of Nauerne.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)32/29 : Though al the tresoure of the worlde were hepid togidere to the possession of the couetous man, he schulde not be satisfied.
- c1450 Battlefield Gram.(Trin-C O.5.4)109 : Wher of asketh cuius? Of possessyon of thyng.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)163/24 : Happed as he [Scipio] went out of shipp..he felle down flatte upon the yerthe..anon he..said with a mery spryte whan he was up, 'lo felawes,' quod he, 'her is a signe of possession.'
- c1475 Lydg.KEng.(1) (Rwl C.48)5 : This mythi William, Duke of Normandie..took possession, Bare his crowne ful xxj yeer.
- a1500 Iuellis pricious (Lamb 306)16 : That it be youres, trewely, it is my liste; my possesioon and my parte þer-of y denye.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)261/25 : Þe ilke blissinge ssel by uolmad huanne hi ssolle by ine payzible possession of þe eritage of hire uader.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1685 : Thei tok in possession The londes of promission.
- (1394) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.3256 : Tho hadde we possessid of the forsaid londys in oure posescion a Reles by the forsaid Sir Guy.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2124 : Swich thyng as is in my possessioun..that may I yeue and noon oother.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)165b/a : Þe londe þat þe children of Israel fynge in possessioun.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)173a/b : Þe Saxones of germania by come englys..and haue þe Ilonde bretayne in possessioun.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.4326 : Al þe tresour & riches of þe tovn Þei toke anoon in to her pocessioun.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Jer.13.2 : Y took in possessioun a breigirdil.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)2 Cor.6.10 : Þey þat ben noght hafande..alle thynges han in poscessioun.
- c1425 Bible SNT(1) (Cmb Dd.12.39)Deeds 7.5 : He bihette forto gife hit vnto hym into hise possessione.
- (a1440) Let.Coventry in EHR 55645 : Iff hit lyke to ȝou to paye to hym for the byldyng & to haue his termes relessud in to ȝour owne possession, he wold that ȝe haddon hit before all othur.
- (1443) Doc.Trade in BRS 776 : Þe maister marchantz and mariners of þe seid ship..stode in possession and full power of hir as þei did before.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)6707 : I ne haue..yoman ne knawe That in my possession wold leve a knyfe.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)367 : I have ȝoue to the sonnys of leuy alle þe tiþis of israel in-to possescion.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38)1178 : The Romaynce had..of Costantyne þe nobull cyte, In ther poscescyon for to bee.
c
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)134.4 : Our Lord ches Iacob to him, Israel to him in possessioun.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.134.4 : Þe lord chees..irael in to possessioun to hym.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2242 : I wolde haue fully possessioun of Emelye.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1500 : It was to me graunted..to haue pocessioun Of hir pat is to me most entere, Exiona.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Friend AN (Ashm 59)85 : Whane þou haste of him [a friend] pocession, þane for no nuwe þou chaunge him, I þee rede.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)172 : Some þer were..That for her ladi meny a blodi wounde Endurid haþ..Whiles þat an oþer haþ poscessioun Al of his ladi.
d
- (1394) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.3256 : By that refeffement were we alle forsaid confeffes of all oure astat, riht, and posession in the forsaid londis.
- (1421) RParl.4.271a : Yat is to sey, oon matier of possession, anoyr thing verrey title of right; and if he yat hath verray title of right in eny thing meve question or plee ayens him yat is in possession in ye same ying, he may not, ne aught not, to amitte ye possession to ye tyme he have a juggement for his right.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1810 : He shulde voide his place, And Polymyte ek his iourne make Toward Thebes, pocessioun to take.
- (1427) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.71 : The astate, title, possession, and reuersion that dame Alianore, wife to the said Hugh, hath in the manoirs..after the dethe of the saide Alianore, beth vn to the heyres of the body of the same Hugh bigetyn.
- (1439) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.515 : I wil and prey my seid feffees..that thei kepe al yt same maner of Crauenes..in here hande and possession bi xx yer thanne next folwyng.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2608 : Of Alexandere and Aufrike and alle þa owte-landes, I am in possessione, and plenerly sessede.
- (a1444) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.29 : Ye, of your good grace..restoryd hym a-yen to hys possession of the seide maner.
- (1444) RParl.5.75a : Also to do write to the Archdeacon of London..to induct the seid persone so chosen, yn corporell possession of the said House or Hospital.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)45.168 : Ȝif that Neuere we comen Ageyn..thanne I wile that the lond his be..And ȝif we Retorne hider Ageyn, Agen In pocesciown to ben ful pleyn, And as fre owre owne..lyk as it now is.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1548 : To þe Emperour ful riȝte They [Fawnus and his son] went, & many a grete man for þe same case, To see both in possessioune, as hir covenaunte wase.
- (1462) Stonor1.59 : As for Attebare, I am in pocescion þerin wiche takyn pesybely.
- (1473) RParl.6.91 : Provided alwey that neither this Acte..nor any other..be prejudiciall..to the Patronage or Possession of the Chirch of Prescote.
- a1500(c1435) Let.Marg.Anjou in Camd.86 (Add 46846)50 : Ther is..a clerc..late present to a chirche called Litiltory..and the seid clerke is institute and induct in corporal possession.
e
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.3480 : This Emperour..Withinne Rome anon let founde Tuo cherches..And yaf therto possessioun Of lordschipe and of worldes good.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)164b/b : Also moste myȝti men hadden þis hill in passioun [read: possessioun; L iure hereditario possederunt].
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)413 : To chirches and abbays þat weren pore, þe ton half þus ȝaffe he, þey to haue hit for euermore In possessyon and in fee.
- (1453) LRed Bk.Bristol2.201 : The saide preest..fro the tyme that he is put in possession of the chaunterie forsaide..shall..prai for the good prosperitees..of our souerayne lorde.
2.
(a) Sg. & pl. Material property, worldly goods, possessions, wealth; (b) a piece of property; also fig. a condition, thought, etc.; (c) landed property; the inherited or traditional territory of a people.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 1.3 : His possessioun was seuene thousend of sheep & þre thousend of camailes, also fifty ȝockis of oxen & fyue hundred assis & ful myche meyne.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Par.7.21 : Þei camyn down þat þei assailen þe possesciouns of hem.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Par.28.1 : Dauiþ þanne clepede to gidere alle þe prynces of israel..& þat befor weren to þe substaunce & to þe poscesciownys of þe king.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.149 : But for many of hem in Caldea..hadde þere possessioun, wyfes, and children, hem was þe loþere go þens.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)94/527 : Þe erþe..cannouȝt close wiþ us oure possessionis in þe sepulcre.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.1147 : Genterye Is nat annexed to possessioun.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.200 : Dewid he is also, And haþ possessions [vrr. poscesciouns, posessiones] & pluralities for pore menis sake.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.264 : Wyser þan salamon..tauȝte þat parfyte pouert was no possessioun to haue.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6545 : He axed hem..what þei wold do With gold, tresour, and possessioun þat þei haue wonne.
- (a1422) *Anc.Pet.(PRO)117.5842 : Þe seide late Kyng..grauntede to þe seide John his brothers landes, tenementz, possessions, and rentz.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1419 : That is my nece..Which some men wolden don oppressioun And wrongfully han hire possessioun [vr. possescioun].
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)19/19 : Suffre not þat þou be a lawful heire of erþeli possessioun, but lefe þou vertuosly.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.Lear (Göt Hist 740)223 : Of gold and syluyr enogh had he, Of othyr tresors well gret plente, Landes and alkyns possesciouns.
- c1450(?1436) Siege Calais (Rome 1306)80 : The maire and burgeis were full bovn fforto defende thaire possession.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)62/11 : For a camell hath but oo bocche on his bake and the yvill rich man hath ijo, oon of yvill possessions and the tothir of synnes.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)46.358 : Kyng label..ȝoven hem pcesciownes [read: pocesciowns] Manye & fel.
- c1450(?c1400) 3 KCol.(1) (Cmb Ee.4.32)110 : To þis bisshoppes and preestys and clerkys þes iij kyngis and Erchebisshoppes ȝaf many grete possessiouns.
- a1456 Marmaduke SSecr.(Ashm 59)212/27 : I rede..þee..þat þou studye..not..to gete..oþer mens pocessiouns or richesses.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)24590 : I ha noo pocessioun nor nothyng in porpurte.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apost.(Dub 245)433 : Þe possessiouns and dowyng of clerkis.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)126/3 : Þe inforth cause is þat þe kyng excercyse justise abowght hys possessciounis.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)785/8 : Domiciane Regned in þe Cyte of Rome..& his possessyon was myche.
- a1500 Methodius(3) (Stw 953)306 : He & all hys sonys in fere Madyn gret byggynge in lond & lede, Here byggynge & here poste-styens [?read: posce-scyens] sere.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.1200 : Pouerte is..Possessioun that no wight wol chalenge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)121b/a : Noþing is more precious þan tyme; of eueryche possessioun tweyne may be had togidres and no mo, but tweyne momentis may not be hadde togidres.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.6.52 : Thynges that ben lowere than the body..I clepe fortunous possessiouns.
- (1450) RParl.5.184b : All Priories and possessions aliens..be not comprisid in this Acte.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)8571 : Loue yt [thought of eternal glory] yn especyal As for thy cheff pocessioun.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)859 : To aske mercy and to hawe, þis ys a lyberall possescion.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)245/28 : A certeyn grete man..depriuyd the chirche of Seynt Andrewe of a certeyn felde and possession.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)180 : I have certeyne possessions, londis, and tenementes þat come of my purchas.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.21.23 : Þei wentyn in to þeir possessyoun, bildynge vp citees & dwellynge in þem.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 25.2 : Þer was, forsoþe, a maner man in þe wildernesse of Maon, & þe possessioun of hym in carmeel.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Esd.11.3 : Þese ben þe princis of þe prouynce þat dwelleden in ierusalem & in þe cites of Juda; forsoþe, eche dwellede in his possessioun in þer cites.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)165b/a : Þe whiche londe afterwarde was possessioun to Ruben and gadde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)176b/a : Cananea is a cuntre in syria þat was aftir þe floode possessioun of children of chanaan.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)34/29 : What bokes he mad whil he leued þus in his owne possessioun in þe town of Tagatenses.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)366 : Þe lorde sayde to aaron..'ȝe schal haue no possescyon in þe londe of þe childern of israelle.'
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)4.155 : The senate..occupiede the londes and possessiones [Trev.: occupied feeldes; L occupaverant agros] of mony other peple.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)214/19 : The peple and inhabitours of the londe lafte and forsoke here heritages and possessions.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1425 MChristi (Arun 286)50/325 : Þe meke and þe mylde in þis life ben þe possencion [read: possescion] of God.
Note: New spelling ('possencion') added to form section.
Note: Apparently belongs to sense 2.(a).