Middle English Dictionary Entry
plānen v.(1)
Entry Info
| Forms | plānen v.(1) Also plane, plain(e, pleine; p.ppl. i)planed, etc. & (with Cornish inflection) plainyys. |
| Etymology | From plāne n.(2) & OF planer & L plānāre. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To make (a surface) smooth or even; plane (wood); also, reduce (sth.) in size by planing [quot.: Ch.(2), 2nd]; (b) ppl. planed, smoothed, made even, planed; also, polished [quot.: a1500]; planed into, made even with; (c) to hew or cut (wood, stone), fashion, shape; ppl. planed, hewn, cut to shape; (d) to make (sth.) straight.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.27.2 : Þou shalt arere grete stonys & wiþ chalke þou shalt plane [alt. to: dawben; WB(2): make..pleyn; L levigabis] hem, þat þou may in hem write alle þe wordys of þis lawe.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)37b/a : Leuigo: make smeþe, planen.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)72b/a : Afterward plane [Ch.(2): playne; L applana] al þe squirlez & sharpnez with a lenticuler & a malle.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)73a/a : Lenticulers..is an instrument mych praised of G., for it planeþ [Ch.(2): makeþ playne] & seperateþ with sikernez þe sharpnez to be seperated.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)303/26 : Scrape the brayne panne þat is infecte, and arere it vp, and part it slyely fro dura mater, and in schauinge playne it.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)490/35 : If þe toþe were encresede ouer kynde, even it and playn it [*Ch.(1): be it euened and playned] sliely with a file.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)403 : Planyn: Levigo, plano.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.91 : Pare al the dichis euen, playn the brinke.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)75 : Luke planed a table of a palme tre in whech he þout for to make his werk.
b
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)459 : De boorde ou plastre bien pauye: Of boorde other morter planyd.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.6.14 : Make to þe ane ark of planid [WB(2): hewun and planed; L lævigatis] treese.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.233 : He made þe schippe..of tymber i-planed wel smethe [Higd.(2): Of pleyne burdes; L de lignis lævigatis, id est, politis].
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)678 : Þe tour..stont on heiȝ roche and sound, And is iplaned into þe ground, Þat þer ne mai wone non vuel þing.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)696 : Þe carnels..stondeþ vpriht, Wel iplaned and feir idiht.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)204a/a : Stones beþ ferst y-take oute of þe quarer and þanne beþ y-hewe, planed [L poliuntur] and y-squared.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)204a/a : Stones beþ..in work of buldynge..y-sette togideres wiþ cement and y-hiled wiþoute and y-planed [L complanantur] wiþ cement.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)216b/b : A table of box þat is wel yplaned fongeþ white colour, and þerInne dyuers lettres..beþ y-wryte and þer after y-do away esiliche.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)310 : Make to þe a mancioun..A cofer closed of tres, clanlych planed.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)70b/b : If it [a head wound] haþ squirlez þat may pricke duram materie, þe squirlez & sharpnez planed & equate wiþ a lenticular & oþer instrumentz.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)244/26 : If þat brekynge be wiþ prikkynge spirles or splyntes, þai schal be playnede wiþ a lenticulare and wiþ oþer instrumentz.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)403 : Planyd: Levigatus.
- ?a1450(?1350-75) Origo Mundi in Norris Anc.Corn.Drama (Bod 791)950 : Rag henna fystyn ke gura gorhel a blankos playnyys.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)10/11 : Sche þoutȝ þat sche stood on a fair tre, planed al rith lich a reule.
- (1452) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1282 : The selyng boord by twene euery sparre shalbe..clene planed, and the sparres shalbe planed also.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)97a : Planyde: planatus, leuigatus.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)50 : Thre [read: The] sperle of þe spelunke..Was metely made of þe marbre and menskefully planede.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.10.1 : Plane [vr. Plaan; WB(2): Hewe; L Dola] to þee two stonyn tablys as þe raþer weryn.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 7.12 : Þe more halle round of þre ordres of hewyn stones, & of oon ordre of planyd [WB(2): hewun; L dolata] cedre.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)203a/a : Wiþ leed and nouȝt wiþ Iren, marbel stones ben y-hewe and yclouen and y-planed [L diuiduntur et serrantur] as shyngles or smale stones.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)250a/a : An hiliere oþer a couerere..is a longe schyngul and brode, cloue wiþ ax or wiþ sawe, planed.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)250a/b : Bordes and tables..beþ arrayed, yhewe, and y-planed, and made couenable to makynge of schippes.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)96b : To Playne: dolare.
d
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)2a : Þe harder þat þei stonde on leter, the betyr it is to pleyn the pastroun.
2.
(a) To smooth the surface of (a waxen tablet); erase (a name, writing); also fig.; (b) to spread (an ointment or a medicinal plaster); (c) to clear (a path), flatten or clear away (rocks); level or clear (a forest); (d) to soothe (a part of the body), alleviate (congestion).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1758 : He planed [vrr. planede, pleyned] awey the names euerichon That he biforn hadde writen in his tables.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)318a/a : Tables ben y-wexed and y-hight wiþ wex and ben y-planed [L complanantur].
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.2295 : He wrot hem lettres grauen in a table..The which table curid was withoute For [?read: Ful] subtili with wex iplanyd pleyn, That off his sonde ther was no lettre seyn.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)4373 : So haue I plukked at my purs strynges..And hath I-sworne to be my welthes bane, But if releef a-way my sorowe plane.
- a1605(c1422) Hoccl.Compl.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)268 : Farwell, my good fortune, out of your tables me playned have ye.
b
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)165/25 : Vpon þe wounde wiþoutforþ..leie þis mundificatif, planed vpon a clooþ [L super panno distensum].
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)336/14 : Take þerof [a resolving plaster] as miche as þou wolt, & plane [L distende] it vpon leþer or vpon lynnen clooþ, & leie vpon þe place.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 22.33 : God..girdide me with strengþe & planede [WB(2): maad pleyn; L complanavit] parfijt my weie.
- ?a1475 Com.Proph.M.(PennSt-U PS V-3)403 : Merlyn seid also þat þe sexte schall ouerthrowe þe walles of Irlond and the high woodes he schall all playn, And he seid sooth, For king Iohn..went in to Irlond and gate castelles and townes and destroied þe greete men of þat contre.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.77 : The rokkes of Arnon sharpe vndere ȝoure fete planed hee.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)224a/a : Enula is an herbe and..vertu to plane haþ and smeþie [L Virtutem habet leniendi] and to clense and purge and to conforte þe synewes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)258b/a : Sucre..haþ..vertu..to clense þe stomak and to plane and smeþeþ [L lenificatiuam] rowȝnesse of þe breste and of þe longen.
3.
To gloss over (a condition), explain away.
Associated quotations
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26584 : Noght wit wordes fayr and slight Agh þou for to plane [Frf: shew] þi plight..Bot openli..tell þi sins ilkan bi nam.