Middle English Dictionary Entry

ayẹ̄n(e)s prep.
Quotations: Show all Hide all

Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1.
(a) In front of, facing toward, opposite; ~ even, exactly opposite; (b) with verbs of motion: toward, to meet; comen ~, faren ~, gon ~, wenden ~, etc.; (c) with verbs of looking, etc.: toward, in the direction of; loken ~; (d) to greet, receive, welcome; openen ~, to open to receive (sb.); ringen ~, ring as a welcome to (sb.); risen (arisen) ~, rise to greet (sb.), rise at (someone's) approach or entrance.
2.
(a) In (or into) contact with, against, upon; (b) of land, buildings, etc.: abutting upon, next to; also, close to, near.
3.
(a) In the presence of, before; (b) exposed to; ~ the sonne, under the sun, in the sunlight.
4.
(a) In opposition to, against; gon ~, turn out unfavorably for (sb.), go against; haven ~, have (a grievance) against (sb.); helpen ~, be helpful against (a disease); recoveren ~, recover (damages) from (sb.); suen ~, bring suit against; yemen ~, guard against; (b) with mai: prevail against; (c) in a direction opposite to, against the force of; ~ the wind; (d) contrary to, incompatible with; ~ kind, ~ nature, contrary to nature; ~ right, against right (or law); ~ lawe, ~ resoun, ~ the pes, ~ hest, ~ will, etc.
5.
With regard to, in respect to, in relation to, toward; maken pes ~, make (one's) peace with (sb.); feith ~, humilite ~, treu ~, wroth ~, etc.
6.
(a) In return for, in exchange for, in place of; don god ~ ivel, return good for evil; (b) in reply to, in response to; (c) amenden ~, make amends to (sb.); forfeiten ~, forfeit (sth.) to (sb.), pay a fine to (sb.).
7.
(a) Over against, balanced against, set against; (b) in comparison with; (c) in contrast with, contrary to, unlike.
8.
(a) In preparation for, in anticipation of; (b) shortly before, about or by the time of, toward; ~ dai, about daybreak; ~ night, near nightfall; etc.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1198 : Now has þe maiden done hir thoght: Sir Ywayne out of anger broght. Þe lady led him unto hall; Ogains him rase þe barons all, And al þai said ful sekerly: 'Þis knight sal wed þe lady.'
  • Note: Quot. needed for date in sense 1.(d).
  • c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)924 : Þe lady whytte als wallis bone, He bade hir speke in Goddis name; Agaynes hym vp scho rase.
  • Note: Quot. needed for date in sense 3.(a).
Note: The list of variant spellings in the form section may be incomplete and / or may need revision to accord with standards of later volumes of the MED.--all notes per MLL