Middle English Dictionary Entry
pich(e n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | pich(e n.(1) Also picch(e, pitch(e, pic(e, (early gen.) pices, pish, pik(e, picke, pikke, (Corn.) pek, (early sg. gen.) pices & pix & (errors) spesche, pyhe, pilk. |
Etymology | OE pic (from L) & L pix, picis & OF poiz, AF piz, piche. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Wood tar; also, the residue of the distillation of wood tar; (b) blak ~, cedar gum; also, = ~ navale; hard ~, solidified wood tar; ~ liquide, fleting ~, neshe ~, ~ molten (melt), wood tar in the liquid state; ~ grek, ~ of grece, a residue from distillation of crude resin and water, colophony; also, = ~ liquide; ~ navale, ship ~, a thick residue of the distillation of ~ liquide; ~ smolt, a mixture of grease and wood tar; oile of ~, ?oil mixed with liquid wood tar; ~ colour, a dark color, ~ barel, ~ ketel, ~ pot; (c) ~ and (or) ter, ter and (or) ~, ~ and brimston (fatnesse, grese, rosin); led and ~, melted lead and liquid wood tar; (d) crude resin; ~ album, ~ rosin, whit ~; (e) natural asphalt, mineral pitch.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)1270 : Þe wise man dede make a dich Ful of lim and of pich.
- (1341-2) in Gras Eng.Cust.Syst.174 : xv barrellis de pyk.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.2.3 : He toke a ionkett of rethschen & glowide it with glowisch cley & with pytche [L pice].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.34.9 : Turned shul ben his stremys in to pich.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.3.46 : Thei ceesiden not..for to tende the fourneis with napte, herdis of hemp or flaxe, and pitche.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2176 : With pich, with soulphre, and with rosine..whan the Cite was a slepe, A wylde fyr..They caste.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5349 : Of pich sche toke him a pelote, The which he scholde into the throte Of Minotaure caste.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)240b/b : Þis rosyne is furst white and is ful blak whanne it is y-soden and ymade pycche [L pix].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)241a/b : Picche makeþ fuyre brenne lightly and defouleþ..hondes þat it toucheþ.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1673 : Wit pike [Frf: pikke; Göt: pic; Trin-C: picke]..Plaster it [the ark] wit-oute and wit-In.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1008 : Sodomas..Nou is..plunged in a pit like of pich fylled.
- (1423-4) Doc.Brewer in Bk.Lond.E.177/1160 : For an mendynge of j longe Fatte with pitche, j d.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)50a/b : Pix: pych.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)50/12 : Þe Deed See..castez a thing oute of it whilke men callez asfaltum..and it es lyke pikk.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)396 : Pyk, or pyche: Pix, pissa, pissaxara.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.1138 : Ox blood with picche..make..lyk a salue and ouerflame Vche hole and chene.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)6.223 : Condite hem [rosebuds] kepe in pottes clene With pyk munyte.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)309 : Bere and bacone bene fro Pruse ibroughte..pych, terre, borde, and flex.
- ?a1450(?1350-75) Origo Mundi in Norris Anc.Corn.Drama (Bod 791)954 : Aves hag agy yn-ta gans pek bethens stanchvrys.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)670 : Þe Jewes werien þe walles..Hote blowande picche a-monge þe peple ȝeten.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5546 : Þan gert he gomes for to..grayth him a tonn Of grene glitterand glas..Princes pointid it with pik & he þe plunge entres.
- (1454) Doc.in Gilbert Cal.Dublin 1283 : No maner of man..shulde not..by salte, ire, pych, rosyne.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)2315 : Glew, tar, & picch and oyle incendiary, And sulphour herwithal to brenne engyne..Fil vp the wal with hem.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget (Gar 145)111/36 : Of þat holy blood..I toke no more kepe than of picke.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)95a : Pike: pix, piceus.
b
- (1295) Acc.Shipbuilding in Ant.J.7432 : Ollis que dicuntur Pichpottes.
- (1373) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.158 : [12 gallons of] pichsmult.
- (1392) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)5.207 : [A] piche barell.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)229b/a : Gutta..helpiþ wel aȝeins þe gowtes y-medlid wiþ hard picche [L pice dura].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)241a/b : Of picche is double maner of kynde; þe oon hatte schippe picche, for schippes beþ y-pycched þer with..to kepe þat water schal nouȝt come in to þe schippe, and picche y-molte is y-cleped picche liquida, And eyther kynde of picche is hoot and drye, and þe harde picche is componed in oon manere and þe fletyng..in an oþer manere, and many clepeþ þis fletynge pycche..pix greca, picche of grees [L colophonia vel pix greca], for in grees is mochel þer of y-founde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)316b/b : Certeyn moisture..comeþ at endes of certein woode while þat it brenneþ, as doþ colophonia and neisshe pyche [L pix liquida] and som oyle of þe tre Iuniperus.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)51 : Take of blak pyche and of Rosyn..and cast it in þe watire and þe oyle.
- (1420) *For.Acc.(PRO) 3 Hen.VI G/2 [OD col.] : In j cacabo ferri vo cato piche ketelle.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)117a/a : Cerote..is made forsoþ of blac pych [L pice nigra] alone or associate with resine.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)123b/b : Vplondish wymmen of þe mountez addeþ pice liquid [Ch.(2): tarre; L picem liquidam], & þai anoynte þe rotez of þe herez.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)124a/b : Comon vse takeþ herez away..with pic nauall applicate with fyngrez or in a cloþ.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)138a/a : Take colofonie and blake picche.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)138a/b : Anoþer emplaister..Take..fraunk encense, dragagaunt, gumme arabik..pice nauale..colofonie.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)182a/a : Take butter, pice greke, & wexe.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)403/12 : Enoynte it wiþ oyle of picche [L oleo piceo] or with colde water.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)414/3 : He [a dead body] schal be enoyntede with blak picche [*Ch.(1): alketran, þat is pix nigre; L alchitran que est pix negra].
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)602/26 : Put þerto of schepes talowe..of blak pycche [L picis naualis]..of colofoyne.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.1121-2 : Hard picche [L picem duram] and wex tak euen wight And herdis with pix liquyde [L picis liquidae] herto eche.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)4/4 : Tak sute, pixliquid, oyle de olyue.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)66/13-14 : Terrebintym, pixgreke, pixliquidum..of all thies xiiij gummes tak of ilkane ane vnce.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)68/6 : Tak..of pik greke, pik nauill, of þam ij vnces.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)187 : Þer ben ii maneres of aloe; þe ton is somdel red..þe toþer is of pyk colour.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)180 : Tak of medwax, colofoyne, blak picche.
- c1450 Siege Thebes (Rwl D.82)271 : They of within..made þeire defence in casting of stone & wilde fire with brem stone, lede, picche molton..on þeir hedes.
- a1475 Bk.Quint.(Sln 73)9/10 : If ȝe wole bere hem [powdered gold and silver] more priuyly wiþoute ony knowynge, þanne meynge hem wiþ pich melt or wex.
c
- (?c1300) Sub.R.Lynn in Nrf.Archaeol.1347 : In pik & ter.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8485 : Hii asailede þe toun mid þis tour wel uaste & wilde fur wiþ pich & grece wiþ ginnes In caste.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.14.26 : Danyel toke picche, and fatnesse, and heris and..made gobettis and ȝaue in to mouthe of the dragoun.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.1109 : Let make a cofre strong of bord, That it be ferm with led and pich.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)1356 : Þare gert he mak a ful depe dike..And filled it ful of ter and pik.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Leg.Suppl.Hrl.(Hrl 4196)19/183 : Pik and rosyn he bad in cast And oyle, to ger þe fire brin fast.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)185 : Off every barell of pych [F pyz] or of terre, j d.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)489 : Terre or pyk or pyche: Pissaigra, colofonia.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)99a : Loke þou haue redy plente..of pyk & tar, of talwȝ, grece, and oyle..to brenne..þe ordenaunce of thyn aduersarie.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)458 : Bromstone þat wele walde birn, And pykke & terre..Þay slange in þe fire.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)2764 : He commaundede a fire to be dight With picche and Brymston to bren.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)49/4 : Þe iudge..commandid þis yong man to be put in a lyn sekk enoyntyd with pykk & tar.
- (1466-7) Acc.Howard in RC 57172 : My welbeloved frendes..sende me..al myn hyrene and al my spesche and tere.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget (Gar 145)111/28 : My brayne boyleth vp and flowith oute as leede and picke.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)26/127 : Anoynt thi ship with pik and tar without & als within, The water out to spar.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.52 : Daniel a masse of pikke and grees mellid with hare Kest in the dragons mouthe.
d
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)45/4 : Nim gladenan and hlutter pic and meng togadere and do to ele and wex.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)208b/b : In some trees þe humour is gleymy and may not sprede himself, for þe partyes cleueþ togyderes, as it fareþ in picche.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)240b/b : Þis tre hatte picea, for he sweteþ and wosith picche.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)240b/b : Þe pyne..takeþ soone fuyre..for out þer of comeþ picche.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)241a/b : Pycche hatte pix and is droppynge of þe pyne tree and is made hard and blak wiþ seþyng on þe fuyre.
- a1400 Recipe MS Hal.in Rel.Ant.1 (Hal 335)53 : Tak..wax, white pik, that this spicers calles pix album, and fresch swyne grees.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)54/35 : Tak..lely & henbayne..wax, white pik, þat þir spicers calles pik album, & fresche grese of a swyn.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)106/282 : Take..wax and kytt it small and take ij vnces of clene pich rosen and kest all thies in a pott.
e
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.6.14 : Make thou to thee a schip of trees..and thou schalt anoynte it with pitche [WB(1): glew; L bitumine] with ynne and with outforth.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.14.10 : The valey of the wode hadde many pittis of pitche [vr. picche ether strong glu; WB(1): gluwy cley].
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)50/13 : Sum men callez it [Dead Sea] þe Lac Asfaltit, þat es to say, þe Lac of Pikke.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)1.117 : The Dedde see..is callede the place of pycche [L bitumen], for it is ful þer of.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)1.117 : The pycche or glu..noo thynge may dissolue.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)95a : Pike:..bitumen, bituminatus.
2.
(a) As an ingredient of medicinal preparations; (b) as a means of torture or punishment, esp. in hell; (c) in conventional comparisons; (d) in proverbs; (e) in place names; (f) in surnames.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)35/14 : Nim..huniȝ..and pices sum dæl and hwyttre gosu smere; seoð þanne eall togadera.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)241a/b : Eyþer maner picche is medicynal..and helpeþ aȝens..yuelles of þe spleen..pycche helpeþ aȝeins venym and venymouse bytynge.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11870 : We ger get vs leches..To mak a neu bath..O pike and oile.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)53/15 : Make a plastre of pich & hony & bene flour, & leie aboute þe lyme.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)346/3 : Do þerto oile, wex, & pich [L pici nauali], &..þe oþere þat ben maad to poudre.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)173a/b : Pich also & resine gendreþ flesh.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)156b/a : Rosine and picche..schal be leide to no sore..wiþouten admixtioun off oþer þingis.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)197b/a : Pix liquida, picche, h. & d. in 3 gree.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)627/9 : Pix omnis, alle picche [L pix communis], is hote and drye.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)3/36 : Take pik, rosyn, virgyn wax, & bromstane, & resolue þam ouer þe fire and anoynte þe heued þer-with.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)131/613 : Mylte þi pylk & do þe poudur..þer-to & medle hem wel to-gedur & make a plaster þer-of.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)177 : Medle þis peper with picche and make þer-of a plastre.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)218/23 : Take hony a quarte and maye-butter and a lytyl pyche and make an oynmente þer-of.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)181 : Tak þy picche & melt hyt.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)219 : Put þerto wex, pych, & ensence, so þat hyt be menelych hard.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)72a/a : Dissolue þe hony clarified & þe pich togideris vpon a soft fier.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)93a/a : Take..a spounge..& wete it in molten pich and..vynegre and putte it in þe nose.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)121/23 : Ther be put in medicynis pycche, wax, arsenyk, [etc.].
b
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)245 : Þer is burnunde pich, hore saule to baþien inne.
- a1200 PMor.(Trin-C B.14.52)222 : His bað sal be wallinde pich, his bed barnende glede.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)63/674 : He..het fecchen a ueat & wið pich fullen & wallen hit walm hat & het warpen hire þrin.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)12/113 : Þet pich ham forwalleð aðet ha beon formealte.
- a1250 Wooing Lord (Tit D.18)269 : Al þat pinende pik ne walde ham þunche bote a softe bekinde bað.
- c1275 Þene latemeste dai (Clg A.9)106 : In ful a bitter bað baþien ich schal naked, Of pisch & of brimeston.
- ?a1300 11 Pains(1) (Dgb 86)131 : Hem me drepeþ wiþ þe pich sso þe brede wiþ þe spich.
- c1300 Body & S.(5) (LdMisc 108)p.61 : Þe erþe it openede anon; Smoke and smoþer op it wal, Boþe pich and brumston.
- c1300 SLeg.Chris.(LdMisc 108)199 : Men him scholden op-on a strong gredile do And with strong fuyr and pich rosti him.
- a1325 SLeg.Patr.(Corp-C 145)314 : Somme bi armes & somme bi uet..Anhonge were in stronge vure of pich & of brymston.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)6693 : Þe fire þat bryn þam sal..sal be fulle of brunstane and pyk.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)115/122 : Poule..se..mone damselse blake, I-cloþid in blak al cresly, In pych and brymston.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)2709 : A vessel of bras, ful hoot brennyng, Full of pyhe, rosen, oyle, & smere..he þeddyr dyde bryng, And bad kastyn þer-in þis maydyn ying.
- a1450 Castle Love(1) (BodAdd B.107)1709 : In stynkynge watur þey shull be dreynte, And pycche wallyng euer among.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3078 : In hye helle schal be þyne hous, In pycke and ter to grone and grenne.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)17872 : A led of brase þen dyd he bryng, with pyke fulfylled, hym forto fere.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)139 : He hing him with his felawis..and pored hoot pik on her hedis.
- (a1474) Paston2.598 : A man..sey a cawdron boyllyng a-forn hym wyth pykke and bronstan in the which he shuld be throwyn naked.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)381 : They tokyn þe soule and putt it in a Cawderowne full of wellyng piche and brymstone.
c
- ?a1300 11 Pains(1) (Dgb 86)403/75 : Þer is a water hot..blacore þen þe swarte pich.
- ?a1300 Fiftene toknen (Dgb 86)23 : Þat þridde day..Þe rigte sunne..Bicomeþ suartore þen þe pich.
- c1330 Roland & V.(Auch)483 : Vernagu..loked loþeliche, & was swart as piche.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2461 : Þan lai he þar so blac so pych.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)37.301/95 : A Blac Douue, as pich, he sauh.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3731 : Derk was the nyght as pych or as the cole.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)11540 : Whan þou synnest, þou turnest wyk, And makest þy soule black as pyk.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4904 : Þe sonne and þe hote skye Al þe day hem shyneþ on, Þat hij ben blak so pycches fom.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4964 : Anoþer folk þere is ferliche, Also blak so any pycche.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4473 : Þe fomy water..Of feruent boilyng, & as piche eke blak.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3425 : Syns..gadir on þe saul ful thyk And cleves togyder als dos pyk.
- a1450(?1409) Vision Staunton (Roy 17.B.43)66 : Þat fire was hote owt of mesure and blak as ony pyche.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)28.396 : The Skavberk..was..As blak As Ony pich.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4172 : Þan vmby-clappis þaim a cloude & couirs all ouire; As any pynaund pik þe planetis it hidis.
- c1450 Kynge of grace (Trin-C B.11.24)33 : The hye son thatt ys so bryth..Hitt shalle be swarte as any pyche.
- c1475 St.Patr.Purg.(2) (Brm)p.98 : A woll mych wattyr he say before, That was brod and blake as pyke.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)6159 : His berde as pyche ys blake.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1249 : He ys blak as ony pych; Nower þer ys non swych.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)23 : My tonge, that was wont to be red, was as blake as any pyche.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10158 : It is a deuel of helle wicke, Loþely and blak as any picke.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.13.1 : Who shal touchen pich shal ben defoulid of it.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.854 : Who so toucheth warm pych, it shent his fyngres.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.111 : Qua sa nehe wit hend or slefes Hate molten pic, on thaim it cleuis. Pik that cleues quen it es tan, Bisens deling wit wik man.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6578 : Who-so handlyþ pycche wellyng hote, He shal haue fylþe þerof sumdeyl.
- c1400 Wycl.DSins (Bod 647)167 : Hit is hard to touche þo picche and not be foulid þerwiþ.
- c1425 Treat.10 Com.(StJ-O 94)28 : He þat towchith picke is defouled of þe picke.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Satan & C.(Corp-C 296)218 : He þat handliþ pich schal be foulid þer-of.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.4696 : Who touchith pich..It failith nat he shal defouled be.
- a1450(c1400) Wor.Serm.(Wor F.10)45/758 : Whos þat euere towchiþ pich..schal be defowlid þer-with.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.167 : He þat waloweth amonge coole or piche, Ofte tymes it woll shewe suche.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.2063 : He that handelith picche shall not eschewe But that he shal be defouled therof somdell.
e
- (c1100) in Bowcock PNShrop.184 : De Pichford.
- (1242) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.156 : Piketre.
f
- (1199) CRR(1) 1277 : Will. Pice.
- (1221) Justice in Eyre R.in Seld.Soc.531097 : Simon Pic.
- (1238) Close R.Hen.III131 : Henricus Pichepap.
- (1243) Pat.R.Hen.III722 : Henry Pichepape.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(b)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. oil of pitch.